readx;

"Special forces" generally refers to units specially formed by a state or group to carry out special tasks within the military organization in order to achieve specific political, economic, and military goals, and have the characteristics of flexible establishment, capable personnel, excellent equipment, rapid mobility, well-trained, and strong combat effectiveness. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

British Special Air Service Regiment SAS, US Delta Force, US Navy SEALs, Australian Special Air Service Regiment (SASR), Polish Mobile Reaction Combat Force (GROM), Russian Alpha Force, Israeli Special Forces, German Border Guard Group 9 (GSG9), Canadian Special Forces (JTF-2 "Joint Task Force II"), French National Gendarmerie Intervention Team (GIGN).

US Delta Special ForcesUS Delta Special ForcesBritish Air Force Special Air Service Regiment 22nd RegimentBritish Air Force Special Air Service Regiment 22nd RegimentGerman Border Guard 9th Anti-Terrorist GroupGerman Border Guard 9th Anti-Terrorist BrigadeUS Navy SEALsUS Navy SEALsIsrael Wild Boy Special ForcesIsrael Wild Boy Special ForcesPortuguese Special Police ForcesPortuguese Special Police ForcesCanadian Rapid Reaction ForcesCanadian Rapid Reaction ForcesRussian Special ForcesChinese Chengdu Military Region Special ForcesChinese Chengdu Military Region Special ForcesItalian Special ForcesItalian Special ForcesChinese nameThe world's top ten special forcesDirectory 1, United Kingdom, 2, United States3Poland 4 Australia 5 Russia 6 Israel 7 Sweden 8 Germany 9 Canada 1 British Editor 1 British Army Special Air Service Regiment SAS The world's first special forces in the modern sense of the word, was formed by the British. Founded during World War II. Called "Gomande".

SAS in TrainingSAS in TrainingSAS in TrainingSAS in World War IISAsThe British Army's Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) was established in the early years of World War II, at the same time as many "special" single airborne special service regiments. After several reorganisations and a period of expansion, a SAS Brigade was formed in Scotland in January 1944 and consisted of two British regiments (1 and 2 SAS), two French regiments (3 and 4 SAS), a Belgian squadron (later 5SAS) and a communications squadron. SAS has been through all desert campaigns and has built a reputation in Italy and northwestern Europe for its well-trained squads fighting deep behind enemy lines. It is the strongest special forces unit in the world and has the highest mission completion rate in the world. The hardest part of the U.S. Navy SEALs' Hell Week training was SAS. (Commandos, including the Flying Tigers in Hong Kong, China, were also trained by SAS.)

Introduction: No officer or enlisted soldier can enlist directly into the regular regiment (22ndsasregiment). Rather, it was volunteers from other regiments or regiments in the British Army, which sometimes led to the regiment being criticized for "poaching" some of the best and most enterprising young officers and soldiers. All SAS volunteers first pass a course selected by the regiment headquarters in Hellerford. Held in the Brigham region of Wales, these tests consist of a series of missions designed to find out whether each individual has the qualities of mental fitness, stamina, self-discipline and mental resilience that the Corps must possess in order to meet the demands of the mission. The process began with a 10-day adaptation period, and a group of 2S people trained in map interpretation brought everyone to the same basic level. The next 10 days were solo off-road marches, with a 25kg Bergen backpack on the top of a 64km march in 20 hours. Those who volunteer or are not forced to quit are required to continue their 14-week continuing training, including skydiving courses and combat survival training. At the end of this phase, those who pass are awarded berets and badges and become permanent members of SAS, although specialized courses will continue to include communications, language, field medical, explosives, shooting, freefall parachuting and other combat skills. It takes about two years for a soldier to be recognized as a fully qualified member, followed by a period of intense training such as a combat commando role. Unlike the early years of SAS, SAS today emphasizes supporting and encouraging subjects to pass tests and courses, but this does not mean that its high standards will be relaxed in any way. That said, the acceptance rate is only about 20%, but it's important to recognize that only a handful of the other 80% have a reason to be ashamed, and the truth is that SAS is looking for a very special combination of talents that only a handful of people can match. Regular officers and non-commissioned officers of SAS regiments normally serve for three years at a time, after which they usually return to their original regiment or corps. This does allow the SAS Regiment not to become too egos, and to spread the tightly mixed ideas and training that make up SAS to the rest of the Army while in service. Legend has it that a considerable number of the agents in the British military intelligence service came from the Special Air Service Regiment. Because the members there are so good!

The costume SAS carefully avoided glamorous or flashy uniforms and ornaments, and wore the standard British Army uniform, and whenever possible, the customary "regimental" ornaments were allowed only during British exercises. The three basic identifying marks of the SAS are khaki berets, cockades, buttons, and black belts, gloves, and shoes worn by officers. The combat uniform was the standard British Army style, with an earthy beret without any insignia or a camouflage cap with a brim. Especially when wearing the latter, there is nothing on the Soldier's body that would indicate that he is a member of the SAS. One of the key features of SAS uniforms is the "pullover shirt custom", in which non-commissioned officers wear rank badges over their shoulders rather than on their right sleeves. A unique combat suit that can be used when fighting anti-terrorists is an all-black overalls with a black bulletproof vest, belt, and boots. A standard gas mask and a grey anti-flash hood complete the outfit. Each item in this suit does have a reason for actually needing to be worn, but the effect is horrifying, as evidenced during the rescue operation at the Iranian embassy in May 1980.

Rare SAS group photo, taken before and after Operation Python in 2003, before and after Operation Python in 2003, equipped SAS often has to test new weapons and equipment for many of their specialists. In addition to the British Army's range of standard infantry weapons, the regiment recently adopted Sigsoll's 9mm pistol to replace the trusty Browning P-35 pistol. Their most famous weapon was the Hankle Kooch (H&K) MP59mm submachine gun, which was extremely effective during the assault on the Iranian embassy. Other foreign weapons on display in recent years include the 127mm sniper rifle, which can destroy airplanes, shoot down helicopters and even penetrate the armor of light vehicles. It can also be used to detonate unexploded ordnance from a safe distance. Each squadron takes turns changing roles for a different combat group: always ready to don the familiar black assault suits and gas masks. These personal equipment have actually been modified since the Iranian embassy raid, including "flash shock" grenades, body armor, knives, and shotguns, plus USP pistols, M4A1 carbines, and MP5 submachine guns.

Records on the streets. The police then asked SAS to take over the matter, and the force stormed the embassy and used special weapons and tactics to rescue all remaining hostages. This astonishing success, especially in the hero-hungry world media, has made SAS even more famous. By 1982, when the SAS seemed to be about to stereotype their role as an anti-terrorist, the Falkland War in Argentina unexpectedly broke out. The 22nd SAS immediately entered the fray and used this opportunity to remind the world that they were the first and first-class professional soldiers, trained for war. They were the pioneers of the return to South Georgia, although the first helicopter landing search operation was aborted by frightening bad weather. The second landing was in an inflatable dinghy, and most of the personnel reached the shore. However, one dinghy was damaged, and the operation was quickly blown east by the wind, as the soldiers were unwilling to use radio calls for help; Luckily they crashed into a salient of that island, which was later rescued by helicopter. At the same time in Glitwegen, the squadron command center and a squadron of D squadron troops, using the damaged Argentine submarine "Santa Fe", stormed and routed this base fortress, and South Georgia was soon returned to British control. The first SAS soldiers landed on East Falkland Island on 1 May, where they spent about 30 days in harsh weather and in close proximity to enemy forces. They provided vital intelligence on the movements and deployments of troops, and even marked enemy aircraft and warehouses for air strikes and naval artillery support. On May 14. SAS assaulted the pebble islands, blowing up 11 Argentine planes and returning to their original role in the North African desert 40 years ago. There have also been reports of their activities on the Argentine island, although this information has never been officially acknowledged. In the wake of Falkland's victory, SAS still continues to receive a lot of useless media attention. The regiment continues its role in the fight against terrorism, which has brought them into disrepute among IRA supporters. When Gilberalt succeeds in stopping and killing 3 IRA members, it leads to a naïve and foolish chorus of criticism. In 1991, SAS found themselves back in the desert and fighting with their counterparts in the U.S. Special Forces, especially with Delta Force in the search for Iraqi Scud missiles. The SAS team attacked Iraq's missile storage facilities and headquarters and control centres. Others used hand-held laser indicators to indicate critical target areas for Allied laser-guided munitions to bombard.

Photographed in Afghanistan in 2013, it can be seen that the equipment has been updated a lotThe 22nd Special Air Service Regiment of SAS in Afghanistan in 2013 in Afghanistan in 2013SAS in Afghanistan in 2013SAS in Afghanistan in 2013SAS in Afghanistan in 2013 is generally involved in mixed formations when carrying out combat missions. ** Long-range maneuvering on board a Royal Air Force transport aircraft or Royal Navy vessel during a mission; Short-range mobility is mainly carried by helicopter gunships carrying army and naval aviation. The British Sunday Express first disclosed the 22nd Special Air Service Regiment's regulations for classified operations in March 1988, which included: First, every operation must be ordered in writing and must be approved by Army Headquarters. Secondly, the "target" that the special forces deal with must be someone who has been under constant surveillance and confirmed to be a member of a paramilitary organization. Thirdly, the commander of the mission unit must be convinced that the "target" is in possession of weapons and explosives and has killed or posed a great threat to the lives of others. Fourth, if the above conditions are met, the gun can be fired without warning. Fifthly, a detailed report must be submitted immediately after the fact.

2 In order to enhance their ability to fight in a comprehensive manner and their ability to move quickly under the conditions of modern warfare, the British Army has strengthened the establishment of the Marine Corps, adopted a lean and supporting establishment, and is equipped with sophisticated weapons and equipment and three-dimensional means of transportation on land, sea and air. Like the elite units of other countries, the "Green Berets" are made up of a number of special soldiers. The soldiers were an elite selected from among the members of the Marine Corps. They are self-disciplined, courageous, resilient, and adventurous. But it all takes a long period of hard training to make them a qualified Marine Corps special operators. After 30 weeks of Marine Corps basic training, there will be a two-week screening training in which the selected members are temporarily candidates, followed by a year-long formal training. The 3rd Marine Assault Brigade, with a current strength of 5,500 people, is commanded by a British Major General, with a headquarters and 3 assault battalions, namely the 40th, 42nd and 45th battalions, 1 light artillery regiment, the 29th Royal Artillery Regiment, 1 engineer battalion, the 59th ** assault battalion, 1 logistics supply regiment, a helicopter flight squadron, the 3rd Flying Squadron, 1 surface-to-air missile air defense platoon and a communications squadron, and more specialized units such as the Special Boat Unit (SBS) are also assigned to the 3rd Assault Brigade. The first 40th Battalion was created in February 1942 as Assault Battalion. In August of the same year, it suffered heavy losses during the attack on the French military port of Diep, and after more than a year of retraining, it was reorganized into the 40th Assault Battalion, and was successively sent to Italy, Sicily, Adriatic, Palestine, Cyprus, Malaysia, Egypt, India, Singapore and Borneo to carry out missions. The 42nd Commando Battalion was established in August 1943 to specialize in polar combat missions, such as fighting in special locations such as mountains, cold regions, forests and deserts. He has been stationed or fought in Burma, the Malvinas Islands and Iraq. Soon after its establishment, the 45th Assault Battalion participated in the Normandy landing in 1944 and has since visited France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Palestine, Malaysia, Cyprus, Aden and other countries and regions.

Main ResponsibilitiesDue to the British government's historical entanglement in Northern Ireland, from 1957 onwards, the British Royal Marines assigned the long-term mission of garrisoning Northern Ireland to the 3rd Commando Brigade. For the officers and men of the Assault Brigade, it was a "stressful journey" to patrol in Northern Ireland, where the difficulties and dangers were evident in the face of the extremely aggressive and fanatical Northern Ireland Republican Army (IRA). On normal patrols, every "green beret" is a target for IRA snipers.

Mission ClassificationThe "appeasement mission" carried out by the 3rd Marine Assault Brigade of the British Royal Navy in Northern Ireland can be roughly divided into three types: inspection posts, interceptions, and house-to-house searches. The purpose of the checkpoints is to disrupt the movement of IRA terrorists and the movement of arms. Among them, the column inspection is a temporary task, which is easier than the task of checking sentinels. House-to-house searches are often cumbersome and fraught with public resentment, but they are necessary to find out what IRA militants are hiding or gathering intelligence.

Areas and ways of operation: The main areas where the commandos carry out the "pacification mission" are Yamal, the country of bandits, and the urban area of Belfast, where there are a large number of terrorists. The Yamal region is hilly and rugged woodland, with mines planted by the IRA on all major thoroughfares, and terrorists often hiding in the woods. Therefore, there are two kinds of patrol in this area: foot patrol and air patrol, the patrol time usually ranges from one day to several days, the team members are generally heavy, and they have to crawl forward between the woods and fields, because most of the villagers sympathize with the IRA terrorists, the patrol route of the commando team is to cross the forest at a fixed point, and carry out ambush or investigation tasks under very secret conditions; Dispatching helicopters to patrol the air is the most direct and effective way to patrol the area, usually by 12 commandos, who are transported by helicopters to specific locations for search, ambush or seizure.

The main mission in Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland, was much simpler than in the Yamal ambush, and in most cases patrolled in armoured vehicles and there was less risk of being sniped by gunmen. The land assault was on duty in Northern Ireland for nearly half a century, and the cost was 25 dead and 90 wounded, most of them as a result of IRA bombings. But in 1990-1991, the 3rd Commando Brigade managed to capture dozens of terrorists without a single casualty, which greatly dealt a blow to the IRA's terrorist activities.

2 U.S. Editor: Delta Force Origins In the eastern part of the United States, there is a mysterious military base -- Army Base at Fort Braden, North Carolina.

This is the headquarters of the "Delta" special forces, which began to be established by the United States at the end of the 70s specifically to carry out anti-terrorist combat missions.

The official name of the "Delta" special forces is the 1st Special Forces Task Force D (1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta), which is an elite unit derived from the US Army's "Green Berets" special forces, whose main task is to deal with various terrorist activities that threaten US interests around the world. Although this unit has not had an impressive record since its establishment, it has been a powerful anti-terrorist force in the United States.

The "Delta" special forces of the United States were established in April 1978 on the basis of the 22nd Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) of the United Kingdom. Thanks to its well-equipped, high-quality personnel and high mobility, it has the ability to deploy in a mobile manner "anytime, anywhere". The birth of the "Delta" force embodies the most painful page in the struggle against terrorism in which the United States has struggled to fight terrorism after experiencing the "severe pain" of the intense terrorist threat. In the mid-to-late 70s of this century, terrorism began to prevail in Europe, and all kinds of terrorist activities occurred one after another. At this time, Americans still felt good about themselves, and they always felt that things like terrorist activities were still far away from them.

At a time when the United States was deeply entangled in the Vietnam War, many countries expressed strong dissatisfaction with the power politics of the United States, and the targets of terrorists were no longer limited to Israel, Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, and other countries, and the spearhead of terrorist activities quietly began to point at US facilities, personnel, and interests in Europe and the Middle East. On March 1, 1973, the "Black September" terrorist group attacked the U.S. Embassy in Sudan. Lowell and embassy staff were abducted. The Government of the United States at the time considered the Sudanese military police to be competent to deal with the incident and did not intervene in any way. But the government of Sudan at the time was helpless about this incident, and as a result, Klee was killed; Ambassador Lowell died tragically at the gunpoint of terrorists. The ensuing series of terrorist activities against the United States have made the US Government unable to sit still, and the successive terrorist activities have shown that the United States is incapable of dealing with terrorist incidents and that the United States is no longer a forbidden place for terrorists to act. In this situation, the US assault force "Delta" special forces dedicated to anti-terrorist operations came into being.

In 1977, after the Carter administration came to power, it set about setting up a special anti-terrorist force specifically to deal with terrorist incidents. Benjamin, then Army Special Operations Commander; General Rojesky gave this responsibility to Charles, then commander of the Fort Bragg Training Command; Colonel Beckweis. The name "Delta" is said to have originated from an unforgettable experience of Colonel Beckweis. Charles; Colonel Beckweis, as a young man, volunteered as an instructor in the U.S. Army Reserve Officers Training Corps, the forerunner of the Green Berets. In 1963, he was sent to the jungles of Malaysia to serve as a liaison officer between the US Special Forces and the British SAS Special Forces, where he was deeply affected.

In 1965, Beckweis, who participated in the Vietnam War, was ordered to lead a dozen special combat personnel to carry out an operation codenamed "Delta Project" to conduct covert reconnaissance and sabotage behind enemy lines. During the operation, he fully demonstrated outstanding leadership and commanding style, and used the special operations techniques learned from the British special forces to successfully harass, sabotage, and infiltrate the Vietnamese guerrillas, and was praised as a "special operations expert". However, in the Battle of Polyme, Beckway went to the "Wheat City". He was ordered to lead a team to support a besieged camp from the air, but was trapped in a delta because the helicopter failed to deliver his commando team to the intended position. During the breakout, Pei was shot in the abdomen and almost became a prisoner of the Vietnamese, but was fortunately rescued by a special combat member. Recalling the swamps of Cambodia, the forests of Laos, and the hills of Thailand, he had planted a big heel in a small triangle in Vietnam, which made him haunt this triangle in his heart.

Colonel Beckway was ordered with great enthusiasm to form this anti-terrorist special unit of the US Army and named it the "Delta" special forces.

Persisting in selecting and retaining outstanding officers and men is an important principle in the building of special forces. Only high-quality personnel can guarantee the fulfillment of special and difficult tasks by special operations forces. The special operations forces are the essence of the US military, and the "Delta" forces are the essence of the essence. The initial selection of personnel for the "Delta" force was almost entirely modeled after the practice of the British SAS special forces, and the most suitable personnel were selected from among the special forces of the army, navy, and air force.

The eligibility criteria for the Delta Special Forces are U.S. citizens, under the age of 22, and those who have served in the Special Forces for more than two years.

In terms of physical fitness, you must be able to climb 35 meters backwards in 25 seconds, do 37 sit-ups per minute, do 33 push-ups per minute, pass the obstacles set up in 24 seconds, complete a two-kilometer run in 16 minutes, and swim 100 meters in full gear. After completing these projects, an 18-kilometer rapid march was carried out, and after a two-hour rest, it was necessary to complete a 74-kilometer march alone in a deserted area within 24 hours, without any hints or guidance, with only a compass and a map.

In terms of technical conditions, it is necessary to be proficient in the use of various light weapons, operate a variety of mechanical equipment and drive various cars, tanks, armored vehicles, large transport aircraft or helicopters. Skills such as grappling, fighting, cliff climbing, and obstacle crossing are also required. In addition, each person should have at least one or more specialties such as blasting, rescue, repair, and unpacking. In addition, volunteers must pass a very demanding psychological aptitude test.

By 1978, Colonel Beckway had selected 53 of the 200 volunteers according to this criterion as the first members of the Delta force. Colonel Beckweis's first lesson to his team was to watch a video of the 1972 Munich terror attacks. A quote he sent to his teammates: "Remember, someone dies when a gun goes off." Whoever shoots first has hope of life, this is our credo. "

The training base of the "Delta" unit was jokingly called a children's playground by the team members. During the shooting training, each team member should conduct more than 10 hours of continuous hostage rescue training in the simulated "horror room"; anti-hijacking training in a real cabin suspended in the air; Use the actual racing field to train for driving and chasing chase; In addition to the high-rise rappelling assault training on the simulated site, it also often goes to the skyscrapers of major cities to conduct actual rappelling assault training; In addition, the "Delta" unit also regularly conducts training in snow operations and underwater infiltration operations. The unit is also equipped with C-130 or C-141 transport aircraft and is ready for overseas mobile deployment operations.

In a short period of time, through near-harsh training, the "Delta" force has become a sharp knife for the United States to carry out anti-terrorist operations around the world. A joint examination committee composed of the US Office of Counter-Terrorism, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Justice, and other units conducted a mock test for the "Delta" troops, and the results shocked those present. One of the Associated Press reporters even humorously commented: "If this unit is given a long ladder, they can climb to the moon!" "

Since its formation, the "Delta" unit has played an active role in the anti-terrorist operation, but its results do not seem to be satisfactory. In the 80s, the size and combat strength of the "Delta" force continued to increase, and it established close cooperative relations with the special forces of various countries, such as the British SAS, Germany's GSG9, Israel's General Staff Reconnaissance Group, Australia's SAS, and Italy's GIS, and carried out extensive cooperation in training and operations. In 1982, they provided technical assistance to the Italian special forces in the operation to rescue the American General Dozier, who had been kidnapped by the terrorist group "Red Brigades"; In 1987, they assisted the FBI in capturing Younis, a terrorist involved in the 1985 hijacking of an American circumnavigating airliner; He was also involved in the security of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1988 G7 Summit.

Although the United States has spent a huge amount of money to equip the "Delta" troops with the most advanced and sophisticated weapons and equipment in the world, it has giant computers, high-tech facilities, and a global intelligence network that can be used at will. However, how the US Government used this special operations force to maximize its strike capability has failed in a series of strikes due to poor coordination among various departments. In April 1980, Operation Vulture Claw, which rescued hostages from the U.S. Embassy in Iran, failed completely due to helicopter failures and joint service coordination failures. On 4 December 1984, a Kuwaiti airliner was hijacked to Pakistan and the Delta Force assault was stranded due to logistical errors. On 14 June 1985, a United States airliner was hijacked from Mecca to Algeria, and as a result of the refusal of the Algerian Government to allow the "Delta" forces to use force on its territory, a United States sailor on board was killed by terrorists.

Around 1990, the "Delta" force, in cooperation with Israel, secretly carried out many hostage rescue missions in the Middle East, and also participated in secret anti-narcotics operations in Latin America. The Force's largest assault in recent years was the search for military strongman Aideed in Somalia on 3 October 1993, leaving a tragic page in the operational history of Delta Force for violating the principle that special forces should avoid daylight assaults.

The performance of the US "Delta" force over the past 20 years can be said to be the most bleak of all special forces, so it has been described as a special force that "can never be a bride". The operations carried out by the Delta forces have been shrouded in a veil of mystery, and it is difficult to understand what is behind it. However, this unit has high-quality personnel and high-tech equipment, as well as strong combat capability and high mobility, which will enable it to perform eye-popping in future international anti-terrorist activities.

First of all, there is indeed a special force called the "Delta Force", but due to some political reasons, this force is not officially recognized by the US side, so when the Delta Force participates in multiple units operating at the same time, most of the other units call the members of the "Delta Force" "D-boy".

3 Polish Editor: Polish Mobile Reaction Combat Force (GROM)The Polish Mobile Reaction Combat Force (GROM) is a new type of special operations force established in 1991. Due to the strict secrecy of Poland, little is known about the number of personnel of the unit, the specific combat missions, etc. However, it is estimated that the grom has about 270 members, divided into several teams of four, each of which is a highly skilled and highly team combat unit.

Less than 5 per cent of volunteers are able to join the GROM force, which began recruiting women a few years ago. A lieutenant captain of the Marine Operations Detachment of the Grom Force said: "Having women in our ranks allows us to have more diversity in our combat capabilities and a positive balancing effect on the troops. The pressure on the troops was great. "The grom unit also has a parachute detachment.

The members of the GROM are selected from the Polish Special Operations Forces--- the 1st Special Operations Regiment of the Polish Army and the Naval Combat Diving Unit. Despite coming from the special forces and possessing excellent qualities in their own right, the members of the GROM have to undergo rigorous and arduous training after being selected. Every member of the team must be fluent in at least two languages, and 75% of the team members are also qualified as doctors or nurses. In normal times, the team members mainly conduct hostage rescue training and airborne, surface and underwater infiltration assault skills training. During the training, the unit worked closely with other Polish units and departments. The 6th Airborne Commando Division and the 7th Marine Assault Division are responsible for airborne, surface and underwater infiltration training. Anti-hijacking training is provided by Polish National Airlines for assault training on actual airframe models. Due to the large number of harbors and rivers in Poland, terrorists may cause damage to water targets. Anti-hijacking infiltration raids on ships, oil wells and merchant ships are also part of GROM's training program. All the team members used live ammunition during the exercise. They are also trained in rescue and sabotage, and many of them are also diving experts. With the exception of snipers, team members generally operate in groups of 4-6 people. In particular, it is worth mentioning that all of the Grom's training is conducted with live ammunition, which greatly increases the combat nature of the training, while also making all members of the GROM excellent sharpshooters.

GROM has some highly combat-ready support teams, ranging from technicians and analysts to explosive ordnance disposal specialists, many of whom are former GROM special commandos.

Long before the United States officially began the Iraq War, Poland's Mobile Response Combat Force (GROM) had already occupied um Qasr ahead of schedule and fired the first shot of the Iraq War. In addition, this unit has also made great contributions to the arrest of high-ranking officials. It was because of the performance of the GROM that the United States and Britain gave Poland a considerable share of the interests of post-war Iraq. And the Polish foreign minister frankly admitted that oil resources were the real reason for Poland's entry into the war.

On the evening of 19 March 2003, on the eve of the official outbreak of the Iraq War, British Defense Secretary Huhn and his senior military officials watched a large screen in a secret bunker showing footage of a group of special operators landing in Iraq in a speedboat. This group of senior officials will decide on the exact time of the war based on what is shown on the footage.

And the protagonists on the camera are neither British soldiers nor American troops. They are a special task group of the Polish Mobile Reaction Combat Unit. As early as early 2003, this secret detachment came to the US military ships in the Gulf region to stand by. Their mission that night was to land in the port of um Qasr and seize an important oil field to prevent Iraq from suddenly igniting it before the war. Because once this oil field catches fire, it will bring great inconvenience to the United States and British allied forces throughout the war, and when the war will officially start is also directly related to this operation of Grom.

According to the original plan, the grom was supposed to depart on the evening of the 17th. However, due to problems, the group did not board the speedboat until the night of the 19th and headed for the port of um Qasr. The GROM team participating in the war had two missions: the first was to clear the mines in the waters and ensure the smooth progress of the plan; The second is to cooperate with the snipers on the US "Black Hawk" helicopter to kill all the more than 40 Iraqi soldiers guarding the oil field.

Under the immediate surveillance of senior British officials, the Grom team managed to approach the port of um Qasr. Immediately afterward, the GROM members in frogman wetsuits and waterproof firearms swam to shore and quietly entered the target oil field. Soon, they discovered that the information provided by the Iraqi informant was completely accurate -- a large number of ** had been strapped to the oil wells. It is clear that once the war starts, the Iraqi soldiers guarding the oil fields will not hesitate to set fire to the ** bag. Therefore, every step of the action at this time must be taken with special care, and if it is missed, the whole war will face trouble.

However, the subsequent operation went very smoothly. With the help of night vision equipment, the snipers and the Grom crew on the Black Hawk helicopter took only three minutes to kill all the Iraqi soldiers in the oil field.

Following the end of Operation um Qasr, the GROM team continued its operations in other parts of Iraq, most notably assisting in the arrest of former senior officials of the Iraqi Government in Saddam's hometown. Intelligence shows that at least 30 senior Iraqi officials on the US military's "playing card wanted warrant" have been arrested, all of which are involved in the GROM team.

4 Australian Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) The predecessor of SASR was the Australian ** company and group commando team that conducted special operations in the rear of the Japanese army in the Pacific War. In order to further improve the special operations capability, in August 1951, the Australian Army established the first full-time special forces unit - one airborne platoon under the Royal Australian Special Service (RAR). Subsequently, in 1955, two more assault companies were formed. After absorbing the experience of British special forces, RAR established a new special air service company in 1957 with the mission of medium and long-range reconnaissance, intelligence gathering and special operations, and in 1964 went to Southeast Asia to fight with the British SAS special forces. On this basis, the Australian army gradually developed its own special forces organizational form, and the entire RAR was reorganized into today's special air service regiment SASR. From 1964 to 1972, the Australian SASR was strapped to an American tank and participated in the Vietnam War, and because of their outstanding skills, they were called "jungle ghosts", and only one member of the team was killed in the entire 10 years of participating in the Vietnam War. SASR has 2 operational squadrons and 1 direct squadron. Each squadron is divided into airborne, speedboat and vehicle modes when maneuvering, and is divided into communications, knife and base squads when performing tasks.

SASR during the Vietnam WarThe SASR during the Vietnam War retained a significant number of special operations forces in Australia and gained the necessary international standing and influence by following the British and American in sending troops to other countries. Australia's most elite special forces are the Airborne Special Services (Special AirServices), also known as the Airborne Special Operations Regiment, which is a regimental combat unit and Australia's earliest special operations unit. Subsequently, some were sent to Brunei, and between 1966 and 1971, some were sent to fight in Vietnam, when a total of three special operations units were deployed in Vietnam to train the team. At present, the airborne special service unit has two airborne special service squadrons and two support squadrons, with a total strength of about 500 to 650 troops. Their costumes consisted of khaki berets and metal-winged dagger armbands, and most of the recruits were from other Army units, and all of them were volunteers. This unit has followed the United States and Britain to intervene in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and although it is an elite combat unit, it has left behind the infamy of "invasion and occupation". In addition, Australia itself has a small army, so this special operations force also has a counter-terrorism mission, and since there is no Marine Corps in the country, it also plays the role of a marine. Of course, its training content is also very rich, including anti-terrorism, land warfare, airborne, sea raids and other aspects. It is trained in karate and is said to have been trained by Chinese Wing Chun masters. The airborne special service unit can carry out combat missions on the sea, land, and air at any time. It is currently the most well-equipped in the world, because its prime minister, Howard, is willing to invest in it, and as the war on terror continues to grow in difficulty and the scope of counter-terrorism, the Australian government has also decided to expand the special operations force.

SASR Deployed in AfghanistanSASR Deployed in AfghanistanSASR is currently considered to be the best special forces in the Commonwealth countries except for SAS, and American special forces often send people to SASR for learning and exchanges.

5 Russian edition of the Russian Alpha Force, the Russian special forces (i.e., the Alpha Group) were in the former Soviet Union, according to KGB Chairman Yuri; Established by Andropov's instructions, it was originally known as Group A, and after 1991 it was also known as Group Alpha. The immediate result of the formation of the group was the terrorist act against Israeli athletes that took place during the Munich Olympics.

The special forces, whose mission is to combat terrorism at home and abroad, were organized and acted with great agility and were at one time the pride of the Soviet Union. Unlike ordinary Russian soldiers, the members of the special forces are usually snipers, demomen, and communications specialists, skilled in covert operations and reconnaissance missions, and able to maintain calm and clear thinking under intense pressure.

In 1979, Group A took part in the battle to capture Amin Palace in Afghanistan, underwent a "baptism of battle", and its numbers subsequently increased, with the goal of its espionage work: to have "its own people" in any environment where terrorism might occur. Since then, the special forces have achieved remarkable results in three major terrorist activities in the former Soviet Union from 1981 to 1986. In 1981, special forces subdued two terrorists armed with assault rifles who held 25 secondary school students hostage in the city of Sarapul, and the children were not harmed throughout the fighting. In 1983, in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, special forces rescued all 57 people who had been seized by terrorists on a Tu-134 plane, and there were no casualties. In 1986, the terrorist events that had taken place in Tbilisi resurfaced in Ufa, in which two terrorists were wounded by special forces and the other killed, but all the hostages remained unharmed. In October 2002, he participated in the famous "Moscow hostage incident" and made outstanding contributions. Since its formation, Alpha has never failed in conducting combat operations. The "Alpha" anti-terrorist task force is a name that terrifies terrorists. They are all selected from among the young KGB officers who have undergone rigorous examinations and are the strongest anti-terrorist force in the world.

6 Israeli editors: Israeli special forces desert "Wild Boys" was officially established in 1957. This unit is directly under the leadership of the General Staff and is known as the "son of the General Staff," and its main mission is to engage in tactical reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and personnel rescue. The daily training is further improved on the basis of the training subjects of the British Special Forces Special Air Service Regiment SAS, and the specific content is classified as classified and kept secret, and the only thing known is the high elimination rate.

What sets this unit apart is that it is very team-oriented, organized in a family-like way, and once you join, you have to serve it for the rest of your life. This unit is the proud son of the IDF, and its combat skills, combat effectiveness, and morale are all exemplary in the army. In particular, the officers of this unit were promoted relatively quickly, and many high-ranking generals came from this unit, such as Barak, who became chief of the General Staff in April 1991 and was elected prime minister as leader of the Labour Party in May 1999. The tasks carried out by this unit are also secret, and outsiders can only see some clues through some major events that have attracted international attention. In April 1973, the desert "Wild Boy" attracted the world's attention for the first time. At that time, it launched a full-scale assassination operation codenamed "Fountain of Youth" against important members of the "Black September" organization, and almost dismantled the entire "Black September" organization. In 1976, the "wild boys" rushed thousands of miles to rescue hostages at Entebbe Airport in Uganda, which can be called a pioneering feat in the history of the world's anti-terrorist operations, and it demonstrated to the world the superb anti-terrorist combat art and capabilities of the Israeli special forces.

7 Swedish Editor: Sweden Special Operations Task Force (SOG) The Special Operations Task Force was formed in 2011 and was formed by the merger of the Special Protection Team (Swedish: Sarskildaskyddsgruppen, SSG) and the Special Search Team (Swedish: Sarskildainhamtningsgruppen, SIG).

The Special Operations Task Force merged with the Special Forces Management Department (SFL) to form the Swedish Defence Forces Special Forces (FMSF). In addition to this, there are several Special Forces Support Units (FMSOF). These officers have been specially selected and trained to perform land, sea and air transport duties, as well as technical, logistical and medical support. The more well-known units are: the Special Sea Transport Unit (STE), the Special Communications Group (SSE) and the Technical Department of Special Operations (SOT).

SOG is currently under the direct command of the Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces (Admiral).

Although the actual organization of the unit is not publicly available, it is known that the SOG contains several units. Each team consists of three "squads", or four operational personnel for patrolling.

The Special Operations Task Force recruits soldiers and officers from the Swedish army, and they hold an annual competition to train their personnel.

The selection process is divided into two parts, in which candidates are required to persevere for a week to test their team spirit, physical fitness and spirit, and their skills as a soldier are also tested. After passing this stage, candidates will then undergo a week of medical and psychological testing. In order to test the candidate's abilities and qualities (e.g. creativity, judgment and personal maturity, etc.), candidates will have the opportunity to participate in a foundation course after passing the training. It is still unknown how many candidates will succeed in the selection, and only about 20% of the candidates will succeed.

The SOG Foundation Course lasts 12 months and consists of the following three components:

A variety of combat skills (e.g., ground operations, rescue operations, etc.) patrol skills special skills coursesOnce completed, the operatives will be placed in an operational team and ready to be deployed.

The Special Operations Task Force often serves as bodyguards for the Swedish Commander and other senior personnel, and is often involved in the Multinational Force's special operations, such as direct operations, special reconnaissance, and military assistance. The combat operations carried out by the unit are often highly strategic and cannot be accomplished by conventional forces or weapons systems. During combat missions, they eliminate high-value targets or objects of great importance to the enemy, rescue Swedish military personnel captured or held hostage by enemy forces, or conduct operations to gather critical intelligence.

Special reconnaissance and intelligence gathering is designed to gather information about the enemy's activities, or the tactical importance of the operation.

As a special forces, the Special Operations Task Force is also responsible for training and advising foreign forces as part of international peacekeeping military operations.

The unit has a high degree of combat readiness and can be deployed within a 6,000 km radius of Brussels in a short period of time, operating in any environment (e.g., jungle, desert, mountain, subarctic zone, city, etc.). They will also be deployed at the request of the United Nations and the European Union, which must be approved at the political level.

The Special Operations Task Force has also deployed in Afghanistan and supported the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).

8 German Editor German Special Forces (KSK) In September 1996, Germany established a secret elite unit called the Special Forces Commando ("KommandospezialKraefte" in German, abbreviated as "KSK"), stationed in Calf and under the jurisdiction of 5 combat companies. The mission of this elite unit is to protect people in special environments, rescue German citizens in crisis areas, and fight in depth. Due to the special tasks, the training standards are high and the requirements are very strict. The basic condition for joining the KSK special forces is to successfully pass a series of assessments, including physical fitness, spirit and personality. After passing the assessment, the applicant will go through two years of hard training before he can become a full-fledged member. Before training, they first study theoretically, and then they are assigned to combat companies, and then they receive professional training.

Throughout the professional training phase, they work in pairs, one as a sniper and the other as an observer, but the roles can change constantly. The sniper's job is to select and construct positions and pull the trigger, while the observer's task is to provide him with important information and enable him to accurately hit the target.

Snipers of the KSK special forces are also usually trained in friendly special operations units such as the Special Operations Commando Unit (SEK) of the State Police or the 9th Border Brigade. In addition, he often travels to NATO countries and other friendly countries for exchanges.

In order to protect the safety of snipers on missions, the KSK does not disclose the secret combat operations they are currently performing, so it is always confusing about the participation of KSK snipers in combat operations abroad.

9 Canada Editor: Canadian Special Forces (JTF-2 "Joint Task Force II") The threats to Canada in the future are mainly threats in non-traditional security areas, especially terrorist attacks on the Canadian mainland. The director of the Policy and Strategic Planning Bureau of the Canadian Ministry of Defense also said that Ottawa is very concerned about domestic security, especially the threat of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.

In view of the characteristics of terrorist attacks, such as strong concealment, prominent uncertainty, and great destructiveness, Canadian Chief of Defense Staff Henat said that Canada will carry out the biggest adjustment of the armed forces since the Cold War, change the structure of the armed forces, establish a "Canadian Command" that can monitor the whole country, increase the number of special operations forces, invest a large amount of money in the purchase of weapons and equipment, improve the rapid reaction capability of the armed forces, and establish an armed force that can cope with both traditional and non-traditional security threats.

According to the American "Daily Defense", Hernat recently pointed out that the increase in the defense budget in 05 will be the beginning of an increase in defense spending in the coming years. It is also Canada's largest increase in defense spending in 20 years, including $2.5 billion in new equipment. It has been learned that these funds will be mainly used to purchase medium-sized transport helicopters, logistics trucks, and multi-purpose aircraft to enhance the army's rapid response capability.

Large military transport aircraft are a priority project for the Canadian army. It will increase the strategic mobility capability of the Canadian army. Currently, Canada is ready to purchase the C-17 strategic transport aircraft manufactured by the American company Boeing. At the same time, Canada plans to increase investment in its maritime surveillance capabilities, including upgrading long-range surveillance aircraft, satellites and drones, to detect the precursors of terrorist attacks in a timely manner. According to France's "Aerospace Defense," the Canadian Ministry of Defense recently announced that it would launch the "Polar Epsilon" program and launch the "Radarstar" 2 reconnaissance satellite in 2006. "The 'Polar Epsilon' program will enhance the role of the Canadian military in monitoring targets in the northern region of the country." Canadian Secretary of Defense Beale; "The plan will strengthen Canada's surveillance capabilities and improve its ability to defend its borders," Graham said. ”

In terms of special forces construction, Hehnat said in a recent interview with the media that Canada's secret commando unit Task Force 2 is expanding its personnel and purchasing a large amount of high-tech equipment. "Based on the experience we gained in the aftermath of the '9;11' attacks, we are further expanding the strength of Task Force 2," he said. This means equipping it with more of the cutting-edge weapons it uses now. It also means improving its level of training and ability to work in tandem with other special operations forces. ”

The JTF-2 is Canada's only special forces.

[，！ ]

...