[Please keep in mind the domain name of this site" ", or search in Baidu: Sanlian Literature Network]

Domestic in terms of energy and mineral resources. Basically, it is disorderly development, which is very harmful, and this has a lot to do with the lack of a special and effective management and regulatory system.

And in this regard, the developed countries have long been ahead of the curve.

As early as 1975, the United States promulgated and implemented the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, the core of which is energy security, energy conservation and energy efficiency. In 1982, the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Saving Act was enacted in response to the energy efficiency of motor vehicles. In 1987, the National Law on Energy Conservation of Electrical Products was promulgated. In 1992, the National Energy Policy Act was enacted, which is a comprehensive legal text on the supply and use of energy.

In 1998, the National Energy Comprehensive Strategy was promulgated, which called for improving the efficiency of the energy system and making more efficient use of energy resources.

The U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bureau, the largest of the departments, has two integrated offices, the Office of Planning and Budgeting, and the Office of Management and Operations. It has five marketing departments and six regional offices with a staff of about 450 people.

In contrast, it can be seen that the domestic energy bureau is only about 30 people, what can it do? Could it be that office efficiency in China can be higher than in the United States? This is obviously unlikely.

In terms of public finance, the US federal government's investment budget for energy conservation and new energy sources is also increasing year by year, reaching $118 million in 201 years. This year, it has increased to $13.1 billion. Twenty-one states in the United States have set up energy conservation public welfare funds, which are mainly raised by raising electricity prices by about 2 percent. The fund is administered by the state public utilities commission, and relevant departments and units can apply for and use the fund to carry out energy-saving activities.

As for the incentives, there are also cash subsidies, tax breaks and low-interest loans.

Starting this year, the United States decided to implement energy tax reduction and exemption policies in the fields of energy efficiency, alternative fuels and renewable fuels in the next 10 years, and the tax reduction for new buildings and various energy-saving equipment according to the energy efficiency indicators judged to be 10 percent or 20 percent respectively.

Last year, 40 state departments and utilities in the United States provided $130 million in cash subsidies to encourage customers to purchase energy-efficient appliances and lighting products certified by ENERGY STAR. Encourage the promotion of ethanol gasoline, and subsidize about $200 per ton of ethanol.

The U.S. Department of Energy has a lot of authority, and the Department of Energy is responsible for formulating and implementing energy efficiency standards, implementing a mandatory energy efficiency labeling system, and later implementing voluntary energy-saving certification (Energy Star) since 1992. The U.S. Procurement Act and several presidential decrees stipulate that the government must purchase "Energy Star" certified products, and "Energy Star" has indirectly become a mandatory act of the government, which is a technical barrier for foreign products to enter the U.S. market.

The Federal Office of Energy Management is responsible for the energy conservation work of government agencies, and in order to ensure the achievement of energy conservation goals, the United States has issued thirteen presidential executive orders and two presidential memorandums in the past ten years, which have made specific provisions on energy conservation goals, responsibilities, management, procurement and other content of government agencies.

In terms of energy-saving projects, since 1998, more than 2,500 organizations have participated in the U.S. Department of Energy's High-Efficiency Motor Challenge, a coalition of 200 equipment suppliers, agents, utilities and state governments to outreach, train and disseminate information to more than 30,000 end-users.

Over the past 12 years, the EPA has invested more than $1 billion in more than $1 billion in green lighting programs and partnerships with more than 2,300 companies, utilities, nonprofits and other organizations.

All this shows that the efficient operation mode of the US Department of Energy has had a great impact on the social life of the United States. What can they expect to do? I guess I'll have to ask a gunman to complete a work summary.

In fact, the Americans are not the only ones who are leading the way on energy, countries such as France and Japan are also very active on this issue.

In the "2010-2020 Energy Report" published in 1998, France has outlined the outline of France's energy policy, liberalizing the electricity and natural gas markets, adjusting transportation and urban planning to control consumption, taking measures to update existing power plants, developing nuclear power plants, and formulating energy tax policies.

In terms of regulatory bodies, in 1992 the French Government issued a decree establishing the interdepartmental and relatively independent Environment and Energy Control Agency, with representative offices in 26 administrative regions.

In the 2000th year, the French government increased its efforts to save energy, increased the number of staff to the Environment and Energy Control Agency by 200, bringing the total number to 900, increased the budget by 1 billion francs, and established 100 information and propaganda points throughout the country.

The Environment and Energy Control Agency administers a budget of approximately 3 billion francs, of which 500 million francs are allocated to renewable energies, 700 million francs for energy conservation and 1.8 billion francs for environmental remediation, which support the development of studies, diagnostic consulting and project investments in the field of environment and energy carried out by local representative offices, research institutes and enterprises of the Environment and Energy Control in the form of contracts.

In terms of taxation, there are also preferential energy policies, such as the introduction of a tax on automobile fuel and a new tax on environmental pollution, and the reduction of income tax on the installation of household insulation and heating equipment and high-efficiency boilers. Accelerated depreciation is implemented for the first year of investment in energy efficiency technologies in the industrial sector, and commercial taxes are reduced, and profits from the use and lease of energy-saving equipment are exempt from taxation for companies that invest in energy conservation.

Another very important measure is to effectively manage key energy-using enterprises, and the government requires them to make voluntary energy-saving guarantees for 1,500 energy-using units with an annual energy consumption of more than 5,000 tons of standard oil, and promote energy-saving measures to them through intermediary organizations.

In terms of energy audits, the Environment and Energy Control Agency arranges 20 major demonstration projects to carry out energy audits every year and put forward energy-saving renovation plans and recommendations. For the first use of major technology and process demonstration projects, the financial department will give about 30% of the project funding, and give preferential tax treatment.

The government's energy-saving publicity is mainly carried out through television public service announcements, the distribution of publicity materials, the establishment of public consultation telephones, etc., and the annual budget for energy-saving publicity is about 90 million francs.

Japan went one step further in energy control, promulgating and implementing the "Rational Energy Use Law" in 1979. In 1993, the Law on the Rational Use of Energy and the Utilization of Renewable Resources was enacted. The core is to make enterprises, motor vehicles, and energy-consuming equipment comply with stricter energy efficiency standards. The Long-Term Outlook for Energy Supply and Demand 2010, formulated in 1998, emphasizes the control of energy demand through the adoption of stable energy-saving measures.

Japan's energy conservation management is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, and after the reform of Japan's government agencies in 2001, the energy conservation management agency was upgraded from the Energy Conservation Division of the Coal Department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy to the Ministry of Energy Conservation and New Energy, with 65 people.

Although this number may seem to be a little less, it should also be noted that Japan's population base is small, and in addition, the Japanese are very hard at work, so it can be said that if you calculate the year-on-year comparison, the role that these 65 people can play is at least equivalent to the efficiency that the domestic energy bureau can play with more than 2,000 people.

In terms of budget, the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy has a budget of 130 billion yen in fiscal 2001 and 52 billion yen for energy conservation and new energy. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry allocates 38 billion yen annually to subsidize energy management systems and high-efficiency water heaters in homes and buildings, and to implement special depreciation and tax deductions for the use of more than 100 types of energy-saving equipment included in the catalogue, with the tax reduction accounting for about 10 percent of the purchase cost of equipment. Policy banks also provide low-interest loans for these projects to encourage the promotion and application of energy-saving equipment.

In terms of the management of key energy-using enterprises, Japan is obviously more cautious, they will have an annual fuel consumption of 1,500 tons of standard oil or more than 10,000 units with electricity consumption of more than 6 million kWh as key energy-using enterprises, requiring full-time energy management personnel, putting forward specific requirements for factory heat, electricity consumption and building heat loss, and reporting energy consumption to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and relevant departments every year. If the energy-saving target cannot be completed on time, and a reasonable improvement plan cannot be proposed, the competent department has the right to announce it to the public, order it to rectify within a time limit, and impose a fine.

In terms of energy efficiency standards and labeling of government equipment, we have implemented an energy efficiency benchmark system for leading products, and set energy efficiency standards for automobiles and electrical products that are not lower than the best products in the market, and have set a target year for implementation. In 1999, a mandatory energy efficiency labeling system was introduced for automobiles, commercial and household appliances and equipment, so as to facilitate consumers to compare the energy efficiency of products.

A large part of the data in the plan submitted by Fan Heng comes from the original data collected by Fan Wuxi's intelligence department, so when the high-level leaders saw so much detailed data, they were a little surprised, knowing that the domestic intelligence department is far from reaching this level in the collection of economic intelligence.

"How credible is this data?" Doubts were expressed.

To this question, Fan Heng answered very simply, "Fan Investment Group's economic intelligence departments in various countries around the world are actually one of the most effective intelligence departments. The annual investment in this area is about $20 billion, and at its peak, it used to exceed $28 billion. ”

As soon as everyone heard this, they immediately stopped squeaking, 28 billion US dollars, according to the current exchange rate, that is equivalent to 230 billion yuan of investment, such a large investment, just spent on collecting economic intelligence, is really jaw-dropping.

One of the Standing Committee members said a little depressedly. "Last year's domestic military spending was only $20 billion—"

"How can Fan have such a high investment in economic intelligence?" One member asked this question curiously.

Fan Heng spread his hands and explained, "I don't know the specific situation, but when I hear Wuxian talk about it, it seems that the consumption level abroad is probably higher, and there are some special intelligence analysis departments that can transfer economic intelligence and technical information, which is also relatively expensive. Therefore, when calculated in a miscellaneous manner, it is probably an investment of more than $20 billion a year. ”

Someone else asked, "Fan's net income in domestic enterprises is tens of billions of dollars a year, right?" With such a big investment, can you afford it? ”

"I also asked the dog this question," Fan Heng replied, "according to him, Fan's investment in China is basically not very rewarding, mainly because of the great shortcomings in some large industries in China, so he has set up some industries to make up for it." As for the majority of Fan's revenue, it mainly comes from overseas markets, such as financial and mineral resources, real estate, hospitality and some other channels. ”

"I would venture to ask, does Vice Premier Pham know Fan's annual revenue figures?" A member asked.

In fact, this is also a matter that everyone is more concerned about, because Fan's Investment Group is a multinational consortium, and the number of shareholders is very small, mainly Fan Wuzhi himself, and the proportion held by several other important executives is also very small, and it is registered overseas and has not been listed, so this has caused everyone to be blind to the asset scale and profitability of Fan's Investment Group, and it is impossible to judge how much money Fan's Investment Group has.

Although everyone knows the approximate size of Fan's investment group's assets in China, and can also calculate the annual income of Fan's investment group in the domestic market through taxation, there are too few resources for reference if it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate Fan's investment group.

If there is one person who knows the actual financial resources of Fan's Investment Group, I am afraid that only Fan Wuxian is clear.

Therefore, Fan Heng also spread his hands when answering this question, "I don't know." I never ask my children about their personal income, it's their personal income. ”

However, Fan Heng also added, "But it seems that last year's income in the overseas financial market was said to be hundreds of billions of dollars, so I can't ask about the specific situation." ”

"Ahh

People are more than people, it's really infuriating, with this kind of son as the backstage, what big scene can't be handled? No wonder Fan Heng doesn't care about everything, he can concentrate on his own career, it's really incomparable!

There are no pop-ups