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Although Fan Wuxian is very unimpressed with the trajectory of Singapore's exhibition, he has relied on money laundering for executives in Malaysia and Indonesia. And they are also laundering money for corrupt officials in the country, but when it comes to immigration, they are still worth learning from.

Since independence from the Federation of Malaysia in 1965, the island nation of Singapore has experienced a difficult period of struggle to survive.

Singapore's predominantly Chinese population is an isolated island of Chinese in the surrounding Muslim ocean, and it is in a rather disadvantageous position in regional international ethnic politics. At the same time, Singapore is also an important hub for Chinese immigrants in history, with extensive cross-border Chinese network connections. As a result, many local Chinese middle-class families tend to have a strong sense of insecurity. There are many people who travel to the UK, the US, Australia and Canada through family reunification, skilled migration or investment migration.

For a small country with a population of only a few million, such a broad loss of social backbone is clearly not a good thing. As a result, the Singapore government has always attached great importance to attracting high-quality immigrants from overseas.

For example. Singapore offers special scholarships for University 6 in China, India and ASEAN countries to fully sponsor gifted students from these countries to pursue undergraduate studies in the Lion City.

According to the terms of the scholarship contract, students are required to stay in a new job after graduation, which is generally limited to three to six years.

So will all these foreign students stay and settle down? Apparently not.

However, even though a large number of students choose to leave the Lion City, the experience of living on this small island in the South Seas for nearly a decade has left an indelible mark on their lives, allowing Singapore to further expand its transnational network and social capital, and become an important element of the small country's soft power.

In the context of Chinese immigration, Taiwan is also a case that has to be mentioned. From the time of the two Chiangs. Studying abroad is the highest expectation of many ordinary families in Taiwan for their children, due to the unpredictable situation between the two sides of the strait in the early years. Many Taiwanese students have settled overseas, and during the first period of studying abroad in the seventies and eighties of the last century, only about 20% of international students returned to Taiwan after completing their studies.

This wave of brain drain culminated in 1979, when only 8 percent of the returned students returned.

Despite this, because Asia was dominated by labor-intensive industries at that time, Taiwan's animal economy was not frustrated by the outflow of knowledge-based talents, and it was still able to take off.

By the mid-80s, Taiwan's brain drain began to slow down, and the proportion of international students returning to Taiwan climbed to about one-third.

Subsequently, Taiwan ushered in the challenge of upgrading the industrial structure, labor-intensive enterprises declined, and knowledge-intensive industries became the dominant. Thereupon. The returning overseas professionals have tasted the sweetness of the time that they have not met me in a century, and the high-tech industry on the island of Taiwan has also been greatly developed. Not only that, in recent years, Taiwan's higher education has expanded rapidly, and a large number of people who have returned to Taiwan from studying abroad have joined local universities, which has really created a fairly neat teaching team.

"After reading the above experience in Asia and Zhejiang, it is not difficult for us to see that China's big 6 is not lonely at all in the face of the problem of brain drain. However, China's Big 6 brain drain began after the reform and opening up, and it is later than the above-mentioned Asian societies, so it is more urgent for China to respond to the challenge of upgrading the local industrial structure in terms of talent strategy. "However, although the return of talents is very important to the places where immigrants are exported, the decision to return may not bring direct benefits to these professionals who have been abroad for many years." To put it bluntly, an engineer with a master's degree generally earns more in the United States than he earns in China, let alone in China. Today, young people in the age of 6 still face many financial pressures such as high housing prices, an imperfect medical insurance system, and an only child supporting their parents. Therefore, if you really want to attract technical talents back from the policy, the price is relatively high. ”

Fan Wuxi's words, so that Fan Heng nodded again and again, he thought that his son was very real, although the big 6 in recent years has begun to implement a series of preferential policies to attract returnee professionals, for example, in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hundred Talents Program and the Ministry of Education Yangtze River Scholars Program, on the basis of the Organization Department launched a thousand talents to attract young scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship talents, is expected to attract about 1,000 overseas high-level talents to work in China in the next ten years, and establish dozens of overseas high-level talent innovation bases.

In addition, the Guangzhou Science and Technology Exchange Conference for Chinese Overseas Students, co-organized by the central and local departments, has become a regular activity since the previous year, and high-end talents have been recruited from all over the world through embassies, student and scholar organizations and other institutions.

Therefore, it cannot be said that the government has not done anything in this matter, and that is also a disrespect

。

"Very similar to the trajectory that Taiwan has gone through, today's China's big 6 is not only facing the improvement of industrial structure. In addition, it is also significantly expanding the coverage of higher education, which provides diversified employment opportunities for overseas Chinese professionals to return. Although the actual number of returnees is still very limited, taking advantage of the rapid rise of China's economy, especially after the bursting of the new economy in the United States, especially the dot-com bubble, the return exhibition has become more and more common as an alternative for international students and professionals. Fan Wuxian said to his father. Therefore, in my opinion, the key to attracting international students to return is whether the Big 6 has the ability to provide them with an environment for future development, not just some salary discounts. If it is just an international student who only comes back to the exhibition because of the high tech, he may not have much ability to attract him to return. ”

"Well, there are a lot of returnees today who are not worthy of the name, and most of the people who come back are the kind of people who have the name of a returnee and can't get along overseas at all." Song Qing said with deep understanding.

Everyone nodded their heads after listening, and Fan Heng also seriously considered some issues, such as Fan Wuxie's proposal to establish a scientific research exhibition base and similar high-tech parks that can use the knowledge and skills of returnee professionals. It just made him feel very excited.

In particular, the exemplary power of Fan's Investment Group in this regard also makes him feel that it is very meaningful for him to learn from.

In fact. Due to historical reasons, the post-World War II countries encountered the overlap of modernization and globalization, resulting in a more drastic and complex social structural transformation, and the loss of elite talent is not only born in China, but also in Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, India and other places have experienced similar concerns. And gradually come out of the anxiety, with a more detached "Luwei" view of the cangization and transnational migration is now for the country. In fact, there are many experiences to learn from, not only to learn from India, to strengthen the connection between the homeland and overseas price agencies, because overseas networks are social capital, but also to learn from Singapore and Hong Kong, to build an international city in an all-round way to attract multinational consortia, and to bring the entire overseas elite team through the entry of enterprises.

"All in all, in the face of the challenges posed by globalization, a mature society should think about how to increase its attractiveness, keep its current population reluctant to leave, and attract overseas elites. The effect will definitely not be good. In the end, Fan Wuxian summed it up.

"By the way, what's going on with your solar energy?" Fan Heng once mentioned Fan Wuji's solar technology research project.

Fan Wuxian felt a little surprised, his father generally didn't pay much attention to his own business, that is, he was more concerned about the large aircraft project, but that project was related to the overall national strategy, which was very different from others.

Therefore, he asked his own question with a little confusion, "Why do you care about this matter?" ”

"I've been hearing a lot of talk about solar projects lately, so I'd like to hear about your progress and have a comparison." Fan Heng explained to his son.

The so-called solar energy industry, in the professional terminology is generally called the photovoltaic industry chain, photovoltaic refers to the conversion of light energy into electrical energy, to put it clearly, is solar electricity. At this stage, solar power is not very popular, but the unlimited potential of the photovoltaic industry is undeniable.

Recently, there are probably many people who have gone to the middle of the high-level to lobby for investment in the photovoltaic industry, and they all hope to get the support policies of the central government to establish a large experimental photovoltaic industrial park in the northwest, because these people not only want money, but also want policies, and at the same time render the photovoltaic industry chain like a gold industry, so the high-level people are very interested, especially the State Council leaders like Fan Heng, who are in charge of large enterprises, can not ignore this problem.

After Fan Wuxian figured out what his father meant, he said to him, "The photovoltaic industry chain is divided into upstream, middle and downstream parts, and the upstream includes refining solar-grade silicon, manufacturing silicon rods and silicon flakes and cutting silicon wafers; Midstream companies are responsible for manufacturing batteries; The downstream focuses on the installation of battery modules and the sale of photovoltaic power systems. The photovoltaic industry is a typical pyramid model, that is, the number of upstream enterprises is relatively small, the number of enterprises engaged in midstream business is more than that of the upstream, and the number of downstream enterprises is the largest. The reason is simple: the technology required for the upstream business is the highest among the upstream, midstream and downstream segments. The cost is also the largest. Therefore. The threshold for entering the upstream business is much higher than that of the midstream and downstream businesses. ”

"In terms of the current situation, is there a head start in the photovoltaic industry?" Fan Heng asked a very important question.

Fan Heng asked. Not without reason, at present, the photovoltaic solar industry still needs government subsidies from all aspects. One of the biggest reasons for this is the extremely high cost of electricity.

Now domestic. In photovoltaic electricity, the flat cost of each kilowatt-hour of electricity is two yuan, while the cost of hydropower and butterfly electricity is only two or three cents per kilowatt-hour. The electricity bill paid by ordinary consumers is about four cents, and the commercial electricity is only one dollar.

In this case. Photovoltaic power requires such a huge cost. Without the corresponding government subsidies, how much do consumers have to pay when they arrive at their homes? This is obviously not difficult to understand

。

"Although governments have recognized the urgency of new energy sources. And a series of subsidy programs have been implemented to promote the exhibition of photovoltaic solar energy. But at the end of the day. The reason why photovoltaic power has not yet become popular is largely because the technology is not mature enough, and the cost of electricity is not enough to integrate photovoltaic power into the life of every class of society. "At every stage of the PV industry chain, every manufacturing process, especially the upstream silicon material refining, the cost is still high. Of course, the major successful enterprises are aware of this crux, so in order to reduce costs, the major enterprises research and acquisition, mergers and acquisitions, in order to obtain the latest technology in the shortest possible time, ahead of other competitors in many enterprises to dominate the entire industry. ”

Improving photovoltaic cell technology is the most critical step in the photovoltaic industry, which can greatly reduce costs, practice the low price of photovoltaic electricity, and make more consumers willing to use photovoltaic solar power.

In order to achieve this goal, the major enterprises have shown their powers, the industry's leading Japanese Sharp self-developed building and photovoltaic device combination technology, Germany, through the control and mergers and acquisitions of other companies and technology, such as and Sweden to obtain copper and steel sales thin film technology, and then Fan Wuji's own research department is focused on resources to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, and at the same time has also made breakthroughs in the core material test of the high cost of substitution, and has recently been expected to increase the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic to more than 30%.

The orientation of major enterprises may be different, but the goal is to improve photovoltaic solar cell technology, reduce the cost of photovoltaic electricity, and move towards the goal of integrating into daily life.

"Our progress is still very fast, although it is said that we started late, but we are better than fast progress." Fan Wuxian said optimistically to his father Fan Heng, "In fact, the achievements we have made so far have been able to make our company's solar power equipment meet the commercial requirements, and now our electricity cost has been reduced to less than five cents, barely reaching the commercial standard." Fan Wuxian mentioned this, and couldn't help but walk to his father to reveal the latest progress a little.

"Then you can already enter the practical stage, oh, Fan Heng is also Huo Ranyi when he listens

。

Because he's been hearing a lot of talk about solar power lately. So there is also some understanding of some of the details. It is very clear how high the cost of photovoltaic electricity can be achieved in the world, in comparison. Fan Wuji's company's technology can indeed be put into commercial use.

"Then why haven't you done it yet?" Song Qing asked a question that everyone was concerned about.

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