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Regarding the concept of Loongson, Fan Wuxian probably has some impressions in his mind.

In May this year, with the support of the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Loongson research group was formally established. In August, the Loongson-1 design and verification system successfully launched the Linux operating system, and passed the appraisal organized by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in October.

The IP core of Loongson No. 1 CPU is a 32-bit processor core that takes into account the characteristics of both general-purpose and embedded CPUs, adopts MIPS III-like instruction set, and has a seven-stage pipeline, a 32-bit integer unit and a 64-bit floating-point unit. Loongson One CPU IP core has a high degree of flexible configurability, which is convenient for the integration of various standard interfaces.

Users can choose the configuration according to their needs to customize the processor architecture that best suits their application. The main configurable modules include floating-point components, multimedia components, memory management, cache, coprocessor interfaces, etc.

The floating-point component is fully compatible with the MIPS floating-point instruction set, and the floating-point component and its associated system software are fully compliant with the ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 binary floating-point arithmetic standard. Floating-point components mainly include floating-point ALU components and floating-point multiplication/division parts, which users can choose whether to add according to their actual applications. The media component reuses the format field of MIPS floating-point instructions and the floating-point register stack, and the media instruction set basically corresponds to various operations of the Intel SSE media instruction collection.

The memory management part has three modes of operation, namely standard, direct-mapped, and unmapped. The coprocessor interface provides an efficient interface for external coprocessors. Loongson-1 CPU IP provides two sets of configurable processor bus interfaces: AMBA interface and Harvard-based SRAM interface.

For the development of Loongson, Fan Wuxian is not very optimistic, mainly because the current Fan's CPU design technology has gone far ahead, at this time, through several years of hard work by scientific research and technical personnel, Fan's has been able to produce higher-performance general-purpose CPU chips.

At present, the working frequency of the mainstream CPU developed by Fan's is 900MHz~1GHz, and the peak speed of double-precision floating-point operations reaches 16 billion times per second when the frequency is 1GHz, and the peak speed of single-precision floating-point operations reaches 32 billion times per second. The chip is produced using a 65-nanometer CMOS process, with more than 400 million transistors, and the chip is packaged in BGA, with a power consumption of less than 15 watts.

In this processor chip, four 64-bit superscalar processor cores, 4MB of L2 cache, two DDR2 memory controllers, two high-performance HyperTransport controllers, a PCI/PCIX controller, and low-speed I/O controllers such as LPC, SPI, UART, and GPIO are integrated.

It can be said that at present, Fan's general-purpose processor chips have very broad market application prospects in products including servers, high-performance computers, low-energy data centers, personal high-performance computers, high-end desktop applications, high-throughput computing applications, industrial control, digital signal processing, high-end embedded applications and other products.

However, there is also a problem now, that is, the cost of early research and development is indeed relatively high, and at present, although the profits and sales of low-end embedded chips are very satisfactory, the price of high-end chips is still relatively high, and there are still some problems in promotion.

THIS IS ALSO BECAUSE OF AN IMPORTANT REASON, MOST OF THE HIGH-END USERS IN CHINA DO NOT TRUST DOMESTIC CHIPS VERY MUCH, ESPECIALLY AMONG PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS, WHO PREFER TO USE MAINSTREAM CHIPS SUCH AS INTEL OR AMD TO PROVIDE CORE POWER.

As we all know, China has become the so-called world factory, and people who have been to the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, especially those who have worked in factories in these two places, should have a personal experience. Many foreign-funded enterprises have moved the low-end parts of the production process, mainly processing and assembly, to China, which are labor-intensive and labor-intensive, but have low added value.

Logitech mice, one of the most famous mice in the computer industry, are manufactured in Suzhou, and 20 million mice with the Made in China label are shipped to the United States every year, each selling for about $40 in the United States. Of that price, Logitech gets eight dollars, distributors and retailers get fifteen dollars, and the other fourteen dollars go into the pockets of parts suppliers, and China gets only three dollars per mouse, and workers' wages, electricity, transportation, and other expenses are all included in those three dollars

From the perspective of electronics enthusiasts, why is it difficult to manufacture a mouse? The difficulty lies in Luo Skill's efforts to make the small mouse industry so big, and the key lies in its intellectual property rights and brand. To put it to the extreme, a small CPU chip, often hundreds of thousands or even tens of thousands of yuan, its main material is nothing more than a little metal and silicon that can be extracted from sand, but if you don't master CPU design technology and chip manufacturing technology, what choice can you have?

For the PC industry, including most enterprises, the profit is also quite low, the main reason is that domestic companies want to buy other people's chips to assemble, in fact, it is just an assembly plant of a foreign manufacturer. Moreover, in the open and secret battle between the international CPU giant AMD and Intel, Chinese PC manufacturers can't hide the embarrassing situation of looking at other people's faces no matter what, and they want to coax Intel, which has a share advantage, but also dare not offend AMD, which has a price advantage, and all this is because there is no CPU core in China to take the lead.

The reason for this situation is that since the reform and opening up, there have been some problems in the country's industrial adjustment, for example, it has fallen behind in some of the original dominant industries, you must know that the domestic computer level is not bad at the beginning, but with the prevalence of comprador thinking, China's computer industry has declined, and the PC industry has not occupied the commanding heights of technology for a long time.

The price of importing a CPU chip for a server is as high as tens of thousands of yuan, accounting for more than 70 percent of the cost of the server. If domestically produced high-end chips can be substituted for servers, the market prospect is unlimited.

In order to promote the application of domestic chips by machine manufacturers and system design enterprises as soon as possible, so that they can smoothly enter the industrial chain and promote industrialization, Fan's Investment Group and several embedded software laboratories with cooperative relationships are developing relevant software support packages for Fan's domestic CPUs, so that they can support Microsoft's indos CE, the industry's mainstream embedded operating system.

Of course, it is not enough to have a low price, the CPU industry chain is very long, and it does not mean that a product can be formed immediately and an industry can be sold in large quantities. It requires the cooperation of operating system, application software, and hardware design. The main means of industrialization is to establish industrial alliances, and there are production bases of Fan's Investment Group in Shanghai, Chongqing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other places.

The application of Fan's CPU is not only limited to personal computers, its high-end chips have extremely broad development prospects for the defense industry, network servers, routers, game consoles, especially in China's vast consumer market.

ON THE ONE HAND, IT IS TO COMPETE WITH INTERNATIONAL CHIP GIANTS SUCH AS INTEL AND AMD AND SEIZE THIS PART OF THE MARKET PROFITS, AND ON THE OTHER HAND, IT IS TO MAKE COMPUTERS AFFORDABLE FOR EVERYONE, SO FAN HAS ALWAYS FOCUSED ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN LOW COST.

Although the price of computers has become lower and lower, they are still too expensive for the vast Chinese market, especially in the rural and western markets. The launch of the personal computer based on the CPU developed by Fan's will also provide the possibility of bridging the digital divide.

The most unique advantage of Fan's CPU chips is not performance or price, but its security. The information technology equipment used by the military, the government, state-owned enterprises, scientific research institutions, and other departments has a direct bearing on the security of the national information network.

The use of the CPU developed by Fan's will obviously help to eliminate the security confusion in China in e-government, national defense, etc., and change the passive situation in the field of information security.

CPU is the core of all kinds of electronic systems, because of the lack of independent CPU technology, it also directly or indirectly leads to many of our industries in many technologies and products to rely on imports. If we do not master the core technology, our weapons and equipment, and core equipment, our national security will also be seriously threatened.

At present, an ordinary chip is generally composed of three million to four million transistors, so it is difficult to find out and explain the specific role of each transistor and what actual function it has, so there may be a backdoor in the chip. Some large foreign companies will leave a special password to the country's Ministry of Defense before exporting their chips, so that when the two countries are at war, a password may paralyze the relevant systems of the enemy country.

Therefore, for a period of time, the military has paid great attention to the chip development work of Fan's Investment Group, and has also given strong support, and arranged some more powerful technical personnel to enter Fan's research room for project cooperation, the main purpose of which is to enhance Fan's competitiveness in general-purpose CPU technology as soon as possible, and localize the domestic key information equipment as soon as possible.

Southeast Heavy Industry Group, as a pilot project for Fan Wuzhi to get involved in military production, will obviously get the most powerful support in this regard, and Fan Wuzhi has considered networking the very large laboratory and carrying out business cooperation in a unified environment.

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