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"Not only in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, but also from the Southern Song Dynasty."

At the same time, Mr. Lu added on the side: "It is said that the Jiangnan Wen family, which is a descendant of Wen Tianxiang of the Southern Song Dynasty, has a very long history of family learning, so the achievement is extremely high. ”

"Hmm."

Wang Guan nodded casually and did not refute it, because this is a fact. However, he was also a little disapproving, after all, Wen Tianxiang was a famous anti-Yuan hero, and after being defeated and captured, he refused to surrender and was killed. For this reason, the Wen family did nothing in the nearly 100 years of the Yuan Dynasty.

It was not until after the Ming Dynasty that after more than 100 years of accumulation, it was not until the middle of the Ming Dynasty that it recovered, and then there was a Wen Zhengming, one of the four families of Wumen, which re-became a famous family in the eyes of the world.

As for Wen Jia, both ancient and modern, he is an influential celebrity. Perhaps modern people don't often hear his name, but they should definitely know one of the poems he wrote - the Song of Tomorrow. That's right, it's tomorrow after tomorrow, and tomorrow is so many tomorrow's songs. Wen Jia is the author of this poem, but everyone eats eggs, but they don't pay attention to the hens that lay them.

However, what is the situation of the Wen family and how famous is Wen Jia, Cai Peng doesn't want to know, but just pays attention to one question: "Is this painting real or fake?" ”

Indeed, this is the key, and it is a very pragmatic question. Suddenly, Wang Guan and Mr. Lu's attention shifted from the background of the times to the picture itself.

"Ming Wang Shizhen commented on Wen Jia, his book cannot be like a brother, but the painting and the edict (Wen Zhengming) are one."

At this time, Mr. Lu muttered: "In other words, Wen Jia's painting style is very similar to Wen Zhengming's, with fine brushes, a little jerky, and childish in mastery. This is a typical Southern style of landscape painting. It is also the usual technique of the Wumen painting school. ”

"This picture of the high hidden autumn pine is undoubtedly such a painting method."

At this time, Mr. Lu commented: "Paying attention to the expression of pen and ink, emphasizing emotional colors and faint artistic conception, and pursuing a plain and natural, quiet and peaceful style, it is very similar to Wen Jia's handwriting." ”

"Like?"

Cai Peng couldn't hear it, but with Mr. Cai's shrewdness, he was ready to grasp Mr. Lu's uncertain meaning.

"yes, it's like." At this time, Mr. Lu hesitated slightly. Then he nodded firmly: "If I'm not mistaken, this painting should be an imitation." ”

"Imitation?" In an instant, Wang Guan's eyes narrowed, and he studied it more seriously. After looking at it for a while, he also found something wrong: "This is a Yangzhou knife!" ”

"Huh."

At the right time, Mr. Lu was also a little surprised: "Mr. Wang has good eyesight, and he is admirable." ”

"Mr. Lu has won the award, but he has seen an ancient painting like this before. And. If it weren't for Mr. Lu's reminder, I'm afraid I wouldn't have discovered the flaws in the painting so quickly. ”

These are Wang Guan's heartfelt words, and I really admire Mr. Lu in my heart, and feel that he is worthy of being a leading connoisseur of calligraphy and painting. The experience is very rich, and in a short period of time, you can see the strangeness of this painting.

"What is a Yangzhou knife?"

At the same time, Cai Peng was puzzled: "How can you see that this painting is fake?" ”

"It's not a fake. It can only be said that it is an imitation. Wang Guan shook his head and said: "Strictly speaking, it is also an ancient painting of the Ming Dynasty, but it is not from Wen Jia's handwriting. It was a copy of the antique dealer of the time. ”

"Imitations from the time?" Cai Peng was stunned.

"That's right, just like modern fakes, ancient times weren't necessarily pure." Wang Guan smiled bitterly: "Speaking of which, the history of Chinese painting and calligraphy is very long, starting from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Sui and Tang dynasties have become a common practice. At the time of the Song Dynasty, the first false climax in history was formed, and the Yuan Dynasty declined slightly, but in the Ming Dynasty, it reached its peak again. ”

"Of course, there are historical reasons for this."

Wang Guan explained: "In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the revival of the economy, the calligraphy and painting market also became more and more prosperous. A large number of wealthy merchants, including Hui merchants, Jin merchants, and Fujian merchants, appeared, and they gathered a lot of wealth in their hands. Everyone should also know that both ancient and modern, the taste of the rich is almost the same, and when friends gather together, they naturally need some antiques, calligraphy and paintings to add Yaxing. ”

Hearing this, others forgot about it, and Mr. Cai nodded unconsciously. It's no wonder that some people say that history is always repeating itself, and it's a strange circle that is difficult to break. The so-called addition of Yaxing is a more euphemistic statement, but in fact, it is to show off for wealth. But because Mr. Cai was in front, Wang Guan couldn't say it too bluntly.

"The formation of the style of elegant play requires a large supply of calligraphy and painting works. However, there are very few paintings and calligraphy in the previous generation, so the trend of counterfeiting has become even more harmful. ”

Between speaking, Wang Guan also sighed a little: "At that time, the most economically developed area was the Jiangnan region, which gave birth to the Wumen School, but there were very few painters in the Wumen School, even if they painted every day, they could not meet the needs of the huge market." There is a demand and there is a market, and in such a situation, fakes naturally come into being. ”

According to records, before the Jiajing year, there were more than 400 large and small workshops in Jiangsu and Zhejiang that imitated Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and paintings. But what is even crazier are those buyers, Yongle's red, Xuande's copper, Chenghua's kiln, and even the paintings of Shen (Zhou) and Tang (Yin); The book of Wen (Zhengming) and Zhu (Yunming), into the Su and Mi, the great estimates are said to be thousands, hundreds, and they are often rewarded with money, and the real and fake cannot be recognizable. ”

At this time, Wang Guan couldn't help but sigh: "Speaking of which, the ancients were much more fanatical than us, knowing that there were more fakes and fewer truths, but they spared no manpower and material resources, and spent a lot of money to buy them, and some people even searched for 20 years, spending 10,000 gold." There are so many obsessive collectors like this, which just so happens to provide a perfect opportunity for those who make fake paintings and calligraphy to cheat people and make profits. ”

"As for the so-called Yangzhou knife, it is actually a noun. However, because they are afraid of karma, even if some people make forgeries, they will deliberately leave some flaws in the paintings or inscriptions, so that future generations can follow and identify them. However, if the buyer can't identify it, the responsibility does not lie with him. ”

Wang Guan shook his head: "Although there is a suspicion of hypocrisy, it is also a line of life." Unlike today's counterfeiters, who are very realistic and similar, they are most afraid of revealing any flaws. ”

"Yes, that's it."

At this time, Mr. Lu thought so, and also realized that Wang Guan's two brushes were much larger than he imagined, and of course it was impossible to continue to remain indifferent. It's not that I'm afraid of being robbed of the limelight, but I'm worried about losing this opportunity, an opportunity for Mr. Cai to look at it squarely.

Thinking of this, Mr. Lu also said: "In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, counterfeiting was not only a social atmosphere, but also a unique phenomenon. Due to the huge profits, some unknown calligraphers, painters or painters made a living by forging fake paintings and calligraphy, and even some famous literati and calligraphers also begged for a living. ”

This kind of thing is normal, not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the famous Zhang Daqian, when he was not famous in his early years, also relied on imitation of Shi Tao's paintings to support his family. Later, when he became famous, his paintings could be sold for money, and this behavior was stopped.

After all, there were many painters in each period, and except for a few who became famous painters, most of them were left out in the cold by the art world, becoming so-called cold names, small names, and even unknown painters whose names could not be found in the history of art.

These people also had to eat, their paintings could not be sold, and they could not bear the poor life, and when they could not change their careers, they naturally embarked on the old road of copying and imitating antiquity by their ancestors.

"Famous painters have made extraordinary moves, and they have reached the point where they are real and fake, and it is really difficult to distinguish them. However, it can be summed up as nothing more than copying, profiling, imitating, fabricating and changing the appearance of the original handiwork. ”

At the same time, Mr. Lu continued: "One of the more common techniques is to remodel or add to the original painting, which is commonly referred to as a makeover. At the same time, in order to maximize profits, counterfeiters can be said to have no means of doing anything, and even came up with the method of splitting and packaging. A painting is divided into several pieces, framed separately, and sold separately for profit. ”

"What's even more absolutely is naturally the Suzhou film, which uses the unique skill of uncovering the painting to uncover several layers of a painting, and then re-mount it."

When talking about these secrets, Mr. Lu's tone was quite complicated, some admired, and some deeply disgusted: "As for this picture of the high hidden autumn pine, it is a relatively simple copy. It is depicted in front of the original painting, one stroke at a time. ”

"Therefore, as long as you look closely, you can easily find that the lines of the picture have a pause, and between the lines, there are obvious traces of modification, which is a general copying technique, and it also shows that the person who is copying is not good."

At this time, Mr. Lu shook his head slightly, and then signaled: "However, the knowledge is real, it should be dug out of the authentic work and filled in this painting." Ordinary people must be easily deceived by the identification of the pen and think that the work is genuine. ”

"Hmm."

Wang Guan agreed: "Digging money from the authentic works shows that the real works may have been cut into several pieces, and then re-drawn to form several works, which can earn several times the money, and the profits are very rich." However, it is also for this reason that many famous works have been destroyed and disappeared in the long river of history. ”

"Yes, these people are all executioners." Mr. Lu reprimanded, feeling a little gnashing of teeth.

The so-called do a line, love a line, an excellent appraiser, first of all, must love what he identifies. Otherwise, it is impossible to invest 100% enthusiasm, then the professionalism of the one will definitely not be high, and it will be difficult to become the top appraiser. After all, if you are interested, you will definitely learn things quickly, and if you are not interested, you will definitely not be able to learn anything, and your achievements will naturally be limited.

There is no doubt that Mr. Lu is a clever appraiser, so he must be full of enthusiasm for calligraphy and painting, and naturally he hates those who destroy calligraphy and painting. Regarding this point, Wang Guan felt that he and Mr. Lu had a common language and hatred......

"Bang Bang!"

At this moment, Mr. Cai applauded lightly and said with an approving smile: "Listening to your words is better than reading for ten years." Today is a long insight, I didn't expect that there are so many doorways in calligraphy and painting! (To be continued......)