Nils's tone was not very contemptuous, but it definitely represented the thoughts of any scientist who heard Wang's introduction. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

In the cognition of earthlings, it is certain that there are geniuses in this world, but whether there are all-rounders is debatable. For the civilization of the earth, eternal life is just a beautiful pursuit and concept. Until the state of immortality is reached, any omniscient and all-powerful character can only be a joke.

However, Niels's words obviously had no effect on Wang Yan, and he just asked himself: "Your Excellency Nils should be a well-known representative physicist in quantum mechanics on the earth, right?" ”

"I don't dare to say that it is famous, but it should be quite accomplished!" Nils replied unkindly.

For a three-time winner of physics on Earth, this answer is not unmodest.

"Then I want to ask Mr. Nils a question, I wonder if you can give me advice?"

Wang Yan suddenly bowed slightly, and made a gesture at Nils in an ancient Chinese style, which made the unprepared Nils stunned for a moment before he hurriedly said: "You ask, you ask!" ”

"It's a very simple question, I just want to discuss it with Professor Niels, what is quantum mechanics? Or in your opinion, what is the basis of quantum mechanics? The old man asked with a straight face.

"Huh?" This question directly made Nils stunned, just stood there and stared at Wang Yan, and didn't say anything for a long time.

The simpler the question, the larger the scope. What is Quantum Mechanics? To put it simply, it is a discipline that studies the laws of motion of microscopic particles, and uses mathematics to describe the interaction between energy and matter. But in the grand scheme of things, the scope is too broad. In fact, even if the current earth civilization has experienced a period of high-span development, and even produced quantum computers, black hole cannons and other representative products of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics is still the most mysterious discipline of the entire earth civilization, and there is no one.

There are still many conjectures that have not been confirmed, such as the reversal of time and the multiverse, which are concepts derived from quantum mechanics and are still at a loss for quantum physicists. As for the basis of the so-called quantum mechanics, it can be said that the old quantum theory, or wave-particle duality......

It's not that Nils doesn't know how to answer this question, but there is so much to say that if he really wants to talk about it, he can say it for three days and two nights, but it's obviously a very boring thing.

"I understand that this is a big problem, but it is also a very real problem. As a physicist, the essence of his research is to sketch a more complete world, understand more laws, and have a clearer and clearer understanding of the universe we live in by virtue of our study of the rules of the universe. This is true for both quantum mechanics and relativity. However, the microscopic world shown by quantum mechanics has made everyone see too much incredible, so that the more we study, the more confused we become, the more profound the research on quantum mechanics, the more doubts we will have about the universe we live in, and even when we hear the most basic question, we don't know how to answer! This is a normal situation, and you don't have to feel too aggrieved. Actually, the first thing I want to talk to you about today is not a specific scientific question, but an almost philosophical one! Of course, it's also about physics, and I'm sure as a researcher of quantum mechanics will definitely agree with me that every physicist who delves into quantum mechanics is also a philosopher with enough depth of thought, right? ”

Nils nodded subconsciously, and Wang Yan used his extremely demagogic voice to completely bring the difficult old Swedish man into the rhythm of his conversation.

"First of all, in many modern scientific and technological achievements, the theory of quantum mechanics is used, to say that there are daily research on all lasers, electron microscopes, atomic clocks, nuclear magnetic resonance medical image display in medicine, as well as the invention of diodes and transistors caused by the study of semiconductors, as well as the once daunting nuclear weapons, and then to the networking mode of modern quantum interconnection, quantum superbrain, instantaneous teleportation logistics, and black hole cannons, all of which are based on modern quantum physics. However, the concepts and mathematical descriptions of quantum mechanics often rarely play a direct role in these inventions and creations, but it is the concepts and rules of solid state physics, chemistry, materials science or nuclear physics that play a major role. ”

Nils thought for a moment and nodded again: "In this respect, there is nothing wrong with your explanation!" ”

Or even the Swedish scientist himself didn't feel it, he unconsciously used honorifics in his title for Wang Yan, of course, this actually has little to do with the words Wang Yan said at this time, obviously this three-star person is still a master figure in psychology, through his tone and tone, adding some small actions, he quickly captured the spirit of this hot quantum physicist on the earth at this time.

Of course, his extremely high opinion of quantum mechanics also has a demagogic effect. After all, who doesn't want to be recognized by others for an industry they have worked in and dedicated their lives to? Even in the face of a butcher, you talk a lot about how difficult it is to be a good butcher, and it is also an art to do well in the slaughtering industry, and it can also resonate, not to mention in the face of a scientist like Nils, especially when discussing the problem just now, Wang Yan's humble posture may have made some good feelings rise in his heart, in short, all kinds of things are combined, so that this scientist who is full of wealth can be recruited in just a few minutes.

"But at best, it can only be regarded as one of the pillars, because even if we have developed a quantum superbrain to achieve solid-state quantum computing, and even a black hole cannon, we still cannot use the knowledge of quantum physics to explain macroscopic problems, such as gravity. We desperately want to find a theory, or use the theory of quantum mechanics to perfectly explain all the fundamental forces of this universe, and to understand this universe more deeply! But there is no doubt that no quantum scientist, or physicist, has been able to do this! Because the uncertainty of the microcosm restricts us from using everything that happens in the microcosm to explain the macrocosm we live in. We can't accurately observe, predict, and manipulate every single particle to study its state, and even though we've made it possible to get as many particles as possible to do the math, and develop a quantum superbrain, we can't fully unfold the entire microcosm before our eyes and connect it to the macrocosm! This is the pain in the hearts of quantum physicists, it is always a pity that the onlookers cannot unify the macroscopic into a whole, and cannot use quantum mechanics to describe the essence and interaction of all matter and energy! Right? ”

Although the guy in front of him is talking about something that any physicist knows very well, it still makes Nils feel very intimate, you must know that in normal times, even if this three-star person says such a thing, he will not even make Nils's eyebrows tremble, what a big truth! Isn't that a theory that everyone knows? What is the theory of perfection? The modern physics of the earth's civilization itself is supported by quantum mechanics and classical relativity, and he needs to talk so much nonsense? What physicist can't come to a similar conclusion?

"Yes, in fact, I think or there is no perfect theory itself to describe the four fundamental forces, whether it is superstring theory or M theory, it will always be a little bit worse, and sometimes I even think that there is no such theory that can directly describe everything in our universe!" Nils nodded, agreeing.

"It's not surprising that you have this idea, because we can't really zoom ourselves down to the quantum level to visualize the whole microscopic world. The whole microcosm is still too mysterious for us. So the whole quantum theory is based on its unpredictability, and physical philosophers have even coined a Schrödinger's concept of a cat to describe the uncertainty of quantum states. This is precisely why quantum physics cannot be used to explain macroscopic forces. Although it has now been finally proved that Schrödinger is only a paradox, the uncertainty of the microcosm still shackles us from searching for the truth. ”

Speaking of this, Wang Yan paused before continuing: "But now let's make a hypothesis, suppose that we can become infinitesimally small, even smaller than a photon-like boson, and become part of the microcosm in our eyes, and in the microcosm, we don't need to use our eyes to perceive what happens in the world around us. ”

"Being able to observe the composition of the entire microcosm to our heart's content, the problems that plague us now will no longer bother us!" Nils replied in a categorical tone.

Isn't the wonderful scene described by Wang Yan in front of him exactly the scene that countless quantum mechanics are looking forward to? To be able to roam the quantum world and explore the secrets of these tiny particles, of course, they must have enough mass, otherwise the force generated by the rapidly rotating particles may be fatal to humans as tiny as particles.

"Yes, the whole microscopic world will be fully displayed before our eyes, allowing us to accurately grasp the pulse of a particular particle, but of course, we also need to solve a problem, which is the problem of time. After all, most particles have very short lifetimes, so we have to assume that in the process of shrinking, time must be slowed down to a point where we can observe it. But these are not the most important things, the most important thing is that if such an environment or state really appears, do you still think that the so-called microcosm is unpredictable? Wang Yan said slowly.

"What you mean is that we are too big to observe the microscopic world of particles, so we feel that everything in the quantum world is in an unmeasurable state, and even all our conclusions based on the unmeasurable state of particles are ...... Wrong? Or is it debatable? Nils muttered to himself.

"Of course you can understand that!" Wang Yan smiled and nodded: "We think it is unmeasurable because we can't observe it ourselves, but its own regularity is undeniable. There is a concept of entropy in physics and the belief that in an isolated system, the value of entropy is always increasing. This is because, according to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is never transferred from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object, so in an isolated system, all irreversible processes must proceed in the direction of increasing entropy. Then this concept is further extended to believe that in an independent system, the value of entropy will always increase, because it is impossible to restore everything to the original order of the system, so everything is irreversible. Then according to this theory, our universe will become more and more chaotic, until finally maybe one day all the planets will start to interfere with each other because of the disorder, until finally the galaxies begin to interfere with each other because of the tidal action, pull and merge, and finally, the galaxies will begin to become more and more chaotic, and the planets will begin to enter a disordered state, until finally, the planets will begin to interfere with each other and collide. The entire universe on which we live begins to crumble......"

Wang Yan tilted his head slightly, and kept spitting out a cosmic apocalyptic scene in his mouth, even Wang Shizi, who had been acting noncommittally on the side, showed a trace of shock, no way, who made the tone of this three-star civilized old man at this time so demagogic, people involuntarily followed the words he spit out, and went to make up an apocalyptic scenario.

The two planets began to collide with each other because the entire universe entered a state of disorder, and the burst of energy sputtered everywhere, beginning to affect other surrounding planets, and then more planets began to enter a state of disorder, starting from one point, the influence began to diverge in all directions, until finally the stars began to collide, affecting the entire galaxy, and in the pull of the huge force, countless planets began to be destroyed......

"Huge energy began to overflow in a disorderly manner, until a super black hole began to form, its mass is so huge, began to absorb all the energy around it unscrupulously, when the whole universe into a chaotic state of disorder, everything has been unable to compete with its suction, directly to the whole universe is completely swallowed by it, everything returns to the original point, then the question is, entropy, how to calculate it in this case?"

(To be continued.) )