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Ye Kai made up his mind from the bottom of his heart, he couldn't let the yen ODA be treated as an investment and taken to the Shengwang New Area to fool the people, so he had to resolutely stop this matter. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 infoBaidu search to quickly enter this site

However, the money sent to the door will be returned, this is not Ye Kai's style, for sugar-coated shells, the best award is naturally to peel off the sugar-coating, and return the shells as they are.

So he thought about it for a while and decided that this matter still needed to go on the path of combining the upper class route with the needs of the grassroots, stifle this matter, and at the same time find a way to keep the funds.

So he called Ye Ziping and asked about this yen ODA.

"Oh, you mean this, this should be an intergovernmental act." After Ye Ziping heard this, he really knew this matter better, "A while ago, Baosteel just got a large amount of yen ODA, and at the same time, some public facilities also got a different amount of yen ODA. ”

"How should the nature of this yen ODA be defined?" Ye Kai asked.

He still didn't understand the nature of the yen, it felt like a bank loan and a government act, and there was a part of the gift, and the interest on the rest was very low, and the cycle was long, not at all like a profit-making loan.

"It's a long story, no wonder you don't know." Ye Ziping replied, "If you go back to the source, this has to start with Japan's defeat that year. ”

"Is it that long?" Ye Kai heard this and immediately laughed.

As far as he knows, the yen ODA was only started after the reform and opening up, how can it be traced back to Japan's defeat?

"When we talk about the yen loan program, we can't talk about one of Japan's unspeakable secrets: post-war reparations." Ye Ziping said to his son, "In 1951, against the background of the outbreak of the Korean War and the activation of the Iron Curtain of the Cold War, the United States decided to return Japan, a bridgehead in the Far East, with sovereign status. In September of that year, representatives of 52 countries gathered in San Francisco for a peace conference with Japan. With the exception of the Soviet Union, Poland and Czechoslovakia, most of the participating countries signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Not only did the treaty end Japan's occupation and establish a U.S.-Japan relationship based on a military alliance, but Article 14 of the treaty specifically stipulated that the participating countries renounced their right to claim war reparations against Japan. ”

"But this peace treaty is far from complete and even less complete, and it is rejected by our country. Law. Bin even called for a boycott of the peace conference, and many other Asian countries such as North Korea, Burma, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Indonesia also voiced opposition, casting a strong shadow over Japan's Asian diplomacy, the potential of which continues today. Baidu search quickly enters this site"

"Another factor that gave rise to the yen loan program was the lure of overseas markets. In 1954, Japan's economic indicators had surpassed pre-war levels, and it became a top priority to acquire overseas resources and return to overseas markets. East Asia, with its large population and backward industry, is the main dumping target of its low-cost goods. In this way, the San Francisco Peace Treaty became the biggest obstacle to its capture of these markets. ”

To this end, in 1954, Japan joined the British-led Colombo Plan to aid Southeast Asia. Since then, it has adopted a strategy of separate treatment, individual breakthroughs, aimed at melting the ice in Asia. ”

"Countries that have taken a tough stance and insisted on reparations, such as Myanmar, the Philippines. Law. Ben, Indonesia, South Vietnam, which promised reparations year by year; For countries that have waived compensation, such as Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, etc., it has signed quasi-compensation agreements to provide free assistance; Finally, in February 1958, a newer and more decent approach emerged with the signing of a yen loan agreement with India. ”

"At least nominally, this is intergovernmental aid that has nothing to do with war reparations."

"Oh, you say that, and I get it." After Ye Kai listened, he finally figured out the causes and consequences of this yen ODA, and he had a clearer understanding in his heart.

In other words, like the so-called gratuitous aid, the yen ODA loan is just one of the variants of war reparations.

It was through reparations, "gratuitous aid," and yen loans that Japan conquered Asian countries for more than a decade, and by the early 70s, it had become a global economic power second only to the United States.

In this regard, Nakagawa Rong, former Japanese ambassador to the United Nations and who had participated in the reparations negotiations for a long time, said frankly: "The combination of war reparations and economic aid has played a positive role in expanding China's trade in terms of results." ”

Finally, in the early 70s, Japan set its sights on the republic.

"When China and Japan established diplomatic relations, they gave up their claim for war reparations to Japan." Ye Ziping said, "This naturally greatly accelerated the diplomatic process at that time, but it also made people argue. At that time, our foreign exchange reserves were very tight, and the country was in great need of importing steel, fertilizer, and equipment from Japan, and the trade between China and Japan was growing rapidly, and we had to trade scarce oil resources for everything else. ”

This is certainly very disadvantageous and must change.

"At that time, the chairman of Toshiba Corporation led a joint delegation of Japanese economic organizations to visit China and signed the "Sino-Japanese Long-term Economic Agreement", the Chinese leaders said that they needed Japanese funds very much, but the interest rate was too high." Ye Ziping said, "The Japanese side immediately said that the OECF, which is in charge of the yen loan program, is willing to provide assistance to the Republic of China within its capacity with low-interest and long-term preferential terms." ”

"But the principle of ODA application is that the recipient country must first apply for a loan, which touches the political bottom line of self-reliance that we have been emphasizing for decades." Ye Ziping said, "So this thing stopped." ”

"Oh, it's a matter of face." Ye Kai nodded, he thought to himself, if the Chinese people at that time admitted that they needed to borrow money from the Japanese, it would indeed be a big problem.

"It's not just a matter of face, the Soviet Union's tearing up of the aid agreement with China in the 60s caused great damage to our economic construction, and also cast a shadow on our overall understanding of foreign aid. Since then, we have adopted a policy of not accepting foreign loans, investments, and aid, and that we have neither domestic nor external debt. Ye Ziping said.

"At that time, there was neither domestic nor external debt, which was a very proud thing for us. However, in terms of actual conditions, this kind of thinking is actually very conservative and extremely unfavorable to economic construction. Ye Ziping said, "It was not until Comrade Fang and Comrade Fang visited Japan that the ODA project ushered in a key turning point, after he visited Japan's Shinkansen, he was deeply touched, and said that high loans should be carried out in the government, and the things that the people are unable to solve should be solved in the government, indicating that the Republic can accept government-to-government loans, and this matter began the next year." ”

However, this matter is also full of twists and turns; due to domestic legal restrictions and financial constraints, the United States has no intention of providing long-term low-interest loans to China, but it is very concerned about Japan's movements, and has quite a few criticisms of Japan's first loan to China, and even warned Japan that it is okay to lend to the Republic, but the Republic can use these loans to purchase from the United States and other countries, and Japan must not stop it.

ASEAN countries have also expressed concern and protest, believing that Japan's loan to China will lead to a significant reduction in their aid, and they are even more worried that the Republic will become a strong trade competitor from now on.

Not only that, but the Soviet Union also challenged Japan on this matter, and even expressed strong dissatisfaction.

It is precisely because of the obstruction of various countries that the country has realized the great significance of the yen ODA loan to the economic development of the Republic.

"Initially, the deputy director of the State Foreign Investment Commission, Xie was in charge of this matter, and after a lot of complicated procedures and back-and-forths, they finally secured a loan of 50 billion yen in the first year, but they faced countless obstacles and difficulties in implementing it." Ye Ziping said, "The main difficulties are, first, the lack of domestic supporting funds, China's continuous change of plans, and second, some leaders believe that borrowing money is to bring money into the country, rather than to buy technology and equipment to speed up domestic construction." The unconventional practices and the cumbersome operation process made the people who specifically operated this matter work day and night, until one day, Deputy Director Xie collapsed at his desk, exhausted, myocardial infarction, and his colleagues entered the office to find ......"

When Ye Ziping mentioned this, he also looked a little gloomy.

However, because of the long duration and huge amount of money, ODA on China has also become a topic of long-term enthusiasm in the Japanese media.

Whenever there is diplomatic friction between China and Japan, the media always wants to bring out the ODA against China and hype it up.

The Japanese side has repeatedly stressed that all aid to the Republic comes from private taxes, criticizing that Japan's aid to China is a political donation from some pro-China politicians to the leaders of the Republic, and that the Republic has accepted the "blood tax" aid from the Japanese people.

"There are two sides to everything." Ye Kai listened to it and said, "Through the yen ODA, the republic has certainly received development funds, but the Japanese side has also opened the market of the republic, but it is just a means of mutual benefit, if it is involved in politics, it is a bit sinister, speaking of which, since an agreement has been reached, then no one owes anyone anything, and it is written on paper whether it is a loss or an advantage." ”

But having said that, Ye Kai still asked about the process of this matter very carefully, and then asked Ye Ziping how to mess up Hu Han's affairs?

"You can change the direction of investment, for example, denying the investment in the steel industry and the chemical industry, and turning to public welfare industries such as environmental protection and infrastructure construction." Ye Ziping proposed, "Anyway, the yen ODA is mainly oriented in these directions now, Hu Han is just borrowing a shell company to convert this money into investment Mengren, you just let him steal chickens and rice." ”

"That's right." When Ye Kai heard this, he felt that this was really a good idea.

Recently, there has been tension between China and Japan, and some people have been talking about yen loans, as if the Japanese were Lei Feng. After reading this chapter, everyone should have a better understanding of this matter, one wants to develop funds, and the other takes the opportunity to occupy the market, anyway, no one owes anyone anything.