[Chapter Word Count:9246 Latest Update Time:2014-10-1022:13:30.0]

United States

Foreign intelligence: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

After World War II, the Strategic Services Service (OSS), a U.S. intelligence organization established to deal with conflicts, was abolished. Many of the organization's branches are assigned to other branches of government. As a result, the X-2 (counterintelligence) and secret intelligence divisions were transferred to the War Department as strategic services, and the Research and Analysis Division was reassigned back to the Department of State. Soon after, President Truman established the National Intelligence Agency and its operational arm, the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), to coordinate and collate these reports. The Central Intelligence Unit (CIU) is both the coordinating body and the intelligence gatherer. It was later expanded to become the Directorate-Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The CIA has five functions: 1. To provide the National Security Council with information on the intelligence activities of government departments and agencies related to national security; 2. To provide the National Security Council with advice on coordinating the intelligence activities of government departments and agencies related to national security; 3. To contact and evaluate information related to national security, to provide appropriate dissemination of information within the Government, and to provide useful institutions and facilities in appropriate locations; 4. To provide ancillary services of common interest for the benefit of existing intelligence agencies in order to be more effective, more focused implementation of the decisions of the National Security Council; 5. Perform other functions and obligations related to intelligence that affect national security, so that the National Security Council can provide guidance at any time.

Counterintelligence: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigations of the Department of Justice and changed to its current name in 1924. It was formerly a division of the U.S. Department of Justice that was primarily used to gather intelligence for law enforcement. In recent years, his powers have been expanded, and he is mainly responsible for counter-espionage and the investigation of serious criminal cases in the United States.

On 30 May 2002, the Government of the United States announced the lifting of some of the restrictions imposed on the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the expansion of the agency's powers to investigate and monitor the public domestically in order to further prevent and combat terrorist activities. Under the government's new mandate, FBI agents could later spy on any Internet site, library, church, public gathering, or even political organization in the country. At the same time, the domestic branches of the FBI may initiate investigative proceedings without the consent of headquarters.

Military Intelligence: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

The U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency is one of the most secretive departments of the U.S. intelligence agency, and the exact personnel and budget are now unknown to the outside world. It was established by order of the US Department of Defense of August 1, 1961. Main Responsibilities: Fulfilling the intelligence requirements of the main departments of the Ministry of Defense; manage all automated processing projects and intelligence agencies of the Department of Defense; Establish and manage facilities for the processing, printing, interpretation and analysis of military images, as well as a library and information agency for the entire defence system; Organize, direct, manage, and control the intelligence resources of the Department of Defense attached to or included in the Defense Intelligence Agency.

Electronic intelligence: National Security Agency (NSA).

The NSA was established by secret instructions from President Truman in November 1952 and is headquartered in Fort Meade, Maryland. In 1978, the U.S. Department of Defense established the Central Security Service, the top-secret intelligence agency of the United States, and the director of the National Security Agency was also the director of the Central Security Service. The National Security Agency includes the following main departments: the Radio and Radio Technical Reconnaissance Bureau, the Government Communications, Long-range Communications and Electronic Computer Equipment Security Bureau, the Scientific Research and Experimental Design Bureau, the Planning Bureau and the General Services Bureau. The NSA has about 25,000 people. The annual budget is more than $10 billion. Both staffing and budget allocations are larger than those of the CIA. The Agency's headquarters are home to first-class cryptographers and mathematicians, as well as the world's most advanced electronic computers, and the NSA has fixed and mobile radio interception, location stations and centers throughout the world.

The NSA has fixed and mobile radio interception and location stations and centres around the world (including United States embassies) and is responsible for coordinating the electronic espionage activities of United States intelligence services and cooperating with the radio reconnaissance and radio espionage services of NATO countries. The Central Security Service of the Ministry of Defense is tasked with ensuring telecommunications security and gathering foreign intelligence; global radio and radio-technical reconnaissance with the help of ground, sea, air and space means; Responsible for deciphering the code information of countries around the world; compile and maintain the stability of the passwords used in the secret lines of the U.S. state agencies and the Pentagon; controls the entire network of spy satellites and listening stations around the world; It coordinates the electronic espionage activities of the US intelligence services and cooperates with the radio reconnaissance and radio espionage services of NATO countries. It can be said that it controls the entire US spy satellite network and listening stations set up all over the world. It provides reliable intelligence to government agencies such as the FBI and the CIA, helping them crack serious terrorist crimes and criminal cases, and guarding cutting-edge secrets for the U.S. government, such as lists of agents abroad, names and addresses of highly dangerous witnesses, blueprints of military weapons, numbers sent back by monitoring satellites, and the president's atomic bomb launch code.

United Kingdom

External Intelligence: Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)/Military Intelligence Division VI (MI6).

It is also known as the "Government Telecommunications Bureau" or the "Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Foreign Office". The Western intelligence community regards MI6 as the "founding father" of the British intelligence agency, from the early days of Elizabeth's creation to the present, it and its predecessor are strictly secret, in 1909, after the reorganization of the British intelligence agency, the title of MI6 has been used. MI6 is the main espionage and intelligence agency of the United Kingdom, and its main tasks are: responsible for collecting political, economic and military intelligence at home and abroad, and engaging in espionage intelligence and foreign counter-espionage activities. The agency sends intelligence personnel to dozens of countries and regions, and its important areas of activity are Eastern European countries and the Middle East.

Counterintelligence: Security Service/Military Intelligence Division 5 (MI5).

Established in 1909, MI5 is an agency dedicated to dealing with subversive and terrorist activities.

Military Intelligence: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIS).

The British Department of Defense Intelligence is headquartered in the Kechenwood Apartments on Oxford Street, London, and has more than 1,000 military personnel. Its main task is to collect military intelligence, such as foreign nuclear weapons, ballistic missile systems, command and control mechanisms for fields and bases, ordnance and ammunition, air defense, radar, telecommunications, civilian defense, transportation systems, energy supply and water supply, and other defense systems. The bureau has five divisions: 1. Intelligence Service Service: responsible for the integration and integration of intelligence. 2. Management and Supply Division: responsible for administrative affairs. 3. Science and Technology Information Department: responsible for the synthesis and integration of science and technology information. 4. Economic Intelligence Office: responsible for the collection of information on military spending, arms transactions, etc. 5. Logistics Management Office: responsible for logistics supply.

Electronic Intelligence: Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

The British Government Communications Headquarters is the electronic surveillance center for secret communications in the United Kingdom, the equivalent of the US National Security Agency. Abbreviated as GCHQ. Because it is based in the town of Cheltonnam in the west of London, it is also known as the "Cheltannan Centre". It was formerly known as the British "Room 40". The agency has about 13,000 cryptographers, mathematicians, scientists, linguists, staff, etc., about half of whom are in the headquarters, and the rest are in the listening posts of embassies and consulates at home and abroad. It employs about 20,000 people and employs another 11,000. The main task of the Government Communications Headquarters is to conduct long-distance surveillance of the secret activities of other countries through electronic devices, intercept, collect and decipher various foreign codes and signals, obtain intelligence from them, and be responsible for compiling passwords for the government to protect the security of its communications.

The British Government Communications Headquarters is the British intelligence agency engaged in communications, electronic reconnaissance, and mail inspection. Along with MI5 and MI6, they are listed as the three major intelligence agencies in the United Kingdom. Externally known as the Intelligence Department of the British Foreign Office. The exact date of its establishment is unknown, but it should have predated the Industrial Revolution. Since World War II, it has cooperated closely with the United States. There is a senior liaison officer assigned to the NSA. During World War II, the United Kingdom and the United States signed an agreement with the United States to exchange information.

Israel

Foreign Intelligence: The Mossad, the full name is the Intelligence and Special Missions Agency

The "Mossad" was formed with the development of the "Zionist" movement and the establishment of the State of Israel. Prior to Israel's independence, there was a secret Jewish military organization called the Haganah (meaning "Defense") in the Palestinian areas, which was established specifically and systematically to secretly purchase arms from Jews in the Palestinian areas, smuggle weapons and organize illegal immigration. After the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the "Haganah" was replaced by the "Israel Defense Forces", and six weeks later, the "Shaya" was replaced by the "Foreign Intelligence Agency", which was the predecessor of the Mossad. Formally established in early 1951, the Mossad is capable and efficient, and it is good at using high technology to gather intelligence.

Counterintelligence: ShinBet, the full name is the General Directorate of Security.

Simbert is Israel's national security apparatus. He served as Sharon's personal bodyguard and set up a key figure security unit, which, in addition to defending the President and Prime Minister of Israel, was also responsible for guarding visiting foreign dignitaries. The bodyguards of the Vital Guards are all elite drawn from Israel's elite troops, all of whom are burly, dignified, and responsive. In addition, everyone can drive a boat, be proficient in the use of communication equipment, and be proficient in eighteen martial arts such as grappling and fighting. They shoot quickly, aim accurately, and the first bullet hits the target. In case of danger, the first choice is to push the protected object down and use your body to fend off the Assassin's bullets. Simbert is primarily responsible for Israel's internal security affairs, as well as security in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

Military Intelligence: Aman, the full name is the Military Intelligence Directorate.

Germany

Foreign intelligence: Federal Intelligence Agency (BND).

It was founded in April 1956 by the will and model of the CIA with the support of the United States. In a sense, the FBI is a copy of the CIA in the Federal Republic of Germany. It was a secret intelligence service run and commanded by the old Nazis, senior generals of Hitler's border guards. Its backbone is basically the old team of Nazi intelligence chief Galen. The main task of the Federal Intelligence Service is to collect and analyze military, political, technical, and economic information on foreign countries, and it not only establishes close ties with the military intelligence agencies under the Federal Department of Defense and the Federal Constitutional Protection Service under the Federal Ministry of the Interior, but also establishes operational contacts and exchanges of information with the US Central Intelligence Agency and the intelligence agencies of NATO countries.

Counterintelligence: Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV).

It is an agency for counter-espionage and counter-terrorism activities established by the Federal Constitution, hence the name of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. It was created in September 1950 and is part of the Federal Ministry of the Interior. Its main tasks are to collect and analyze intelligence related to national security, to detect domestic espionage, spies, subversion, sabotage, assassination, and other activities, and to participate in the formulation of various secrecy systems and measures, as well as in the political examination of government functionaries in important positions. After August 1972, monitoring the actions of foreign secret intelligence services and foreign radical groups in the Federal Republic of Germany was also included in the responsibility of the Agency. Following the increase in the threat of terrorist and neo-Nazi activities, the Agency has increased its foreign defence mission in this area. The reunification of Germany on 30 October 1990, particularly as a result of the upheavals in Eastern Europe, led the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution to shift its efforts against Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to the fight against terrorist organizations, organized criminal groups, drug trafficking and the export of prohibited technologies.

Military intelligence: Bundeswehr Intelligence Agency (ANBw).

Electronic intelligence: Federal Information Security Service (BSI).

South Africa

External Intelligence: South African Secrecy Service (SASS).

Counterintelligence: National Intelligence Agency (NIA).

Military Intelligence: South African Defence Force Intelligence Service (SANDF-ID)

Russia

Foreign Intelligence: Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).

Counterintelligence: Federal Security Service (FSB).

The predecessor of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) was the KGB (KGB) of the former Soviet Union. The area of competence of the KGB is roughly comparable to that of the counterintelligence services of the CIA and the FBI. With the exception of the Foreign Intelligence Service and the Federal Guard Service, which have not yet been "co-opted", the Federal Security Service has restored most of its functions during the KGB era. The Federal State Security Service is responsible for the defense of national security in a number of tasks: preventing and suppressing criminal activities in society, organized crime, smuggling, drug trafficking and other vicious social crimes within the scope of federal law, as well as resolutely combating terrorist and violent criminal activities in Russian society.

Military intelligence: GRU (GRU), the full name is the General Directorate of Reconnaissance of the General Staff. Unlike the KGB, which was reorganized and under public scrutiny, it did not suffer from the collapse of the USSR.

The Directorate currently has 24 well-trained special assault brigades totaling about 30,000 people. Its main task is to deter and deter surprise attacks, as well as to strike behind enemy lines. The main base is located in the city of Chuchkovo, Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The special forces under the "GRU" are a well-known special forces unit in the Russian army in addition to the "Alpha", which was kept secret before the collapse of the Soviet Union, and it has only become known in recent years.

In the war between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan, the "GRU" special forces lost a total of 191 people, and eliminated more than 5,000 Afghan mujahideen, and the captured weapons were enough to equip a division. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the GRU special forces put down conflicts in Ethiopia, Angola, Afghanistan, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Chechnya and other hot spots, and a total of 692 people were awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of the Russian Federation.

Poland

External Intelligence: Foreign Intelligence Service (AW).

Counterintelligence: Internal Security Service (ABW).

Military Intelligence: Military Intelligence (WSI).

Pakistan

External Intelligence: Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).

Pakistan's top spy agency. The agency, which has been criticized for election interference, terrorist training, kidnappings and assassinations for decades, has also been veiled in mystery and operates in an unknown way. As a result, it is considered very powerful and notorious as an intelligence agency. Many Pakistanis call it a "country within a state".

The Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate was established in 1948 by General Cosmai, a British Army officer who was then Deputy Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Army. Pakistani President U Ram? Ishak? In the 1950s, Khan expanded the ISI's mandate to defend Palestinian interests, allowing oversight of the political opposition and maintaining military rule in Pakistan. The mission is to collect foreign and domestic intelligence, coordinate the intelligence agencies of the three services, and be responsible for monitoring the cadres of the Bureau, foreigners and the media, political activists, diplomats stationed in Pakistan and Pakistani diplomats abroad.

Counterintelligence: Intelligence Directorate (IB).

The 3,500-strong bureau is mainly responsible for intelligence gathering in Pakistan and abroad. The order in which information is reported is that the director reports directly to the Prime Minister and the President.

Military Intelligence: Directorate of Military Intelligence (MI).

Korea

National Intelligence Service (NIS).

The National Intelligence Service of the Republic of Korea is the highest intelligence agency for intelligence and national security of the Republic of Korea, and its predecessor was the Central Intelligence Headquarters, which was established in 1961 after Park Chung-hee became president, and was directly led by the president. In January 1981, it was expanded into the Ministry of National Security Planning, and on January 12, 1999, it was renamed the National Intelligence Service. The National Intelligence Service has a large team of agents, with 20,000 to 30,000 staff at the headquarters alone; The total number of people, including the various people who serve it, is more than 300,000.

Japan

External Intelligence: Cabinet Intelligence Investigation Office (DIH).

The Cabinet Intelligence Investigation Office is Japan's highest intelligence agency. It was established in April 1952 at the behest of the CIA and was renamed the "Cabinet Investigation Office" under the direct authority of the Chief Cabinet Secretariat, and was renamed on July 1, 1987. At present, its main task is to collect information on China, Russia, and other countries, synthesize the information provided by other government intelligence agencies, and report it directly to the prime minister to assist him in formulating foreign and defense policies. Its intelligence has both secret information from military channels and open materials from the news media, public publications, etc. Experts in the international intelligence community have pointed out that some personnel of Japanese offices stationed abroad, outbound tourists, and experts and scholars attending international conferences have collected classified information for the Cabinet Intelligence Investigation Office under various legal pretexts. Sometimes, the intensity of intelligence gathering in the "internal investigation" is very large. According to Japanese media reports, all experts and scholars who provide "special reports" to the "internal investigation" after traveling abroad will be given heavy rewards. In 1987, a military attache of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force and a Japanese businessman went to the USSR for a "tour", but in the process of "sightseeing", they acted secretively and attracted the attention of the KGB. The Soviet government then expelled them on suspicion of espionage. Since then, the KGB has stepped up its surveillance of Japanese tourists.

Military Intelligence: Intelligence Headquarters (PSIA), Defense Agency.

The Ministry of Defense is one of the government departments of Japan. It is mainly in charge of defense-related matters, similar to the defense departments of other countries. The Ministry of Defense is the administrative agency of the Japanese government in charge of national defense, and is established in accordance with Article 49, Paragraph 3 of the Cabinet Office Establishment Act and Article 2 of the Defense Agency Establishment Act. The highest level of official is called the Minister of Defence and is appointed by the Prime Minister. The jurisdiction also includes the Self-Defense Forces under the Prime Minister. Japan's Self-Defense Forces currently have an annual budget of 4.8 trillion yen, making them one of the most powerful forces in the world.

The Defense Agency was officially upgraded to the Ministry of Defense on January 9, 2007, and its predecessor can be traced back to the Police Reserve Headquarters, which was established in 1950 due to the outbreak of the Korean War, and later the Security Agency and the Defense Agency.

Vietnam

Vietnam Intelligence Bureau (GID).

The Vietnam Intelligence Service is Vietnam's main intelligence agency, also known as the Dispatch Bureau, abbreviated as "Kid" (GID), codenamed K49. It is nominally a subordinate agency of the Ministry of the Interior, but in reality it is under the direct authority of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Its main responsibilities are to be responsible for foreign espionage and intelligence activities and to coordinate the work of various intelligence agencies. It mainly uses foreign affairs, foreign trade, communications, post and telecommunications, and some other government departments to collect and analyze political, economic, and diplomatic intelligence on foreign countries, and at the same time reports to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, coordinates the domestic espionage intelligence system, and issues instructions.

Interior

The Ministry of the Interior of Vietnam is the main intelligence and counter-espionage security agency of Vietnam, and it belongs to the Vietnamese government series. Its main tasks are: (1) Responsible for collecting foreign political, economic and important military intelligence, conducting espionage and intelligence activities abroad, and counter-espionage work. (2) Control the domestic political situation, maintain social order, pay attention to the internal party and domestic dynamics, and fight against words and deeds that endanger national security. (3) Responsible for the security work of party leaders and the security of key departments. (4) To carry out the special tasks assigned by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Vietnamese People's Army

The bureau is the highest leadership organ of Vietnam's military intelligence system, under the Ministry of National Defense and directly under the leadership of the Central Military Commission. It is responsible for the overall management of the military intelligence system of the Vietnamese army. The Intelligence Bureau of the General Staff Department has set up departments, such as the Military Intelligence Operations Office of Special Agents, the Technical Reconnaissance Department, the Espionage Department, the Military Attache Operations Office, the Intelligence Collation Office, the Archives and Materials Department, the Political Affairs Department, the Administrative Office, and the Technical Department, as well as an intelligence training school.

Italy

Counterintelligence: Democratic Security Intelligence Agency (SISDE).

The Democratic Security Intelligence Service is an Italian national security agency established after the Second World War, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior, with its headquarters in Via Giovanni Rancha in Rome and branches throughout the country. The main tasks are: to defend the Italian democratic state of government, to combat any form of subversive activities, to be responsible for domestic secret reconnaissance and counter-espionage work, and to carry out anti-subversion and counter-espionage struggle against left-wing and left-wing extremists.

Military Intelligence: Military Security Intelligence Agency (SISMI).

The Military Security Intelligence Service is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defence and is the main intelligence agency in Italy. The headquarters is located in Fort Braski. The Military Security Intelligence Service was created in 1949 with the assistance of the United States and modeled after the Central Intelligence Agency, and was originally known as the Armed Forces Intelligence Directorate. During the Cold War, the CIA was responsible for providing it with technical equipment and funds, which had a great influence on its decision-making and activities.

The Military Security Intelligence Bureau consists of 10 divisions: the National Defense and Foreign Affairs Office, the Counter-Inquiry and Espionage Office, the Espionage and Military Attache Office, the Intelligence Collation Office, the Technical Investigation and Decipherment Office, the Intelligence and Logistics Office, the Special Agent Training Office, the Inter-Allied Intelligence Office, and the Military Products and Technology Supervision Office. The Military Security Intelligence Service has established tactical intelligence services in the three Italian services, namely the Army Security Operational Information Directorate, the Naval Security Operational Intelligence Directorate and the Air Force Security Operational Intelligence Directorate. Each bureau has an intelligence collection department, an intelligence collation department, an internal security department, a military attaché office and other operational departments. The main task of the intelligence agencies of the three services is to be responsible for the tactical information related to the operations of their respective services, which is under the jurisdiction of the chiefs of staff of each service and coordinated by the Military Security Intelligence Bureau.

Central Directorate of Investigation and Agents

The Central Directorate of Investigation and Agents was established in 1978 as the headquarters of the Italian secret police, based in Viminare. Its main task is to be responsible for security and to carry out arrest and suppression tasks. In recent years, as a result of the intensification of terrorist activities in various parts of Western Europe, the Government has taken steps to strengthen its work, and the Directorate is responsible for the security of dignitaries visiting Italy. There are departments such as the Secret Service (DIGOS) and the Special Police.

India

External Intelligence: Research and Analysis Wing (RAW).

Founded in 1962 during the Sino-Indian border conflict and the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, it is India's most important foreign intelligence agency. Headquartered in New Delhi, it is administratively subordinate to the Cabinet Secretariat and is directly accountable to the Prime Minister. Its internal organizational structure is as follows: the Director of the Research and Analysis Division consists of a Deputy Director (equivalent to the rank of Assistant Secretary of the Government) and a General Security Director. The Deputy Commissioner is responsible for foreign intelligence gathering, special operations, electronic surveillance and code breaking, internal security and administrative matters. In charge of the Office of Special Operations and the five joint secretaries. The four Joint Secretaries are responsible for intelligence in each of the four global regional sections (Pakistan, China and South-East Asia, Middle East and Africa, and Other Countries). The other joint secretary heads the Electronic Technology Section, the Administration Section and the Internal Security Section. Each of the four regional sections is headed for liaison between Headquarters and foreign intelligence stations and for the custody of relevant files, and there are station chiefs at foreign information stations who work in appropriate cover capacity at embassies and consulates abroad to supervise project officers and other special agents. Task Force officers are responsible for the project, they keep a close eye on the progress of the operation, report to the upward level in a timely manner, keep the operation file, and recruit grassroots intelligence officers directly or indirectly. In general, an action plan has one project officer, but sometimes a project officer also deals with several action plans. The project officer is mainly connected with the chief intelligence officer. The chief intelligence officer is the contact person between the project officer and the grassroots intelligence officer, who is responsible for the transmission of information, and the project officer mainly has a relationship with the grassroots intelligence officer, but the project officer occasionally or directly contacts the grassroots intelligence officer who is collecting the information needed for a certain project. Grassroots intelligence officers are the main force in spying on raw intelligence, and most of them are nationals of the countries to which they are targeted. In addition, there are intelligence officers who are directly dispatched by Headquarters and direct "solo operations", who are agents who are openly and legally engaged in covert activities, and whose movements are generally unknown to the heads of foreign intelligence stations.

Counterintelligence: Intelligence Directorate (IB).

According to a recent report by Strategic ForecastingInc (Stratfor), India's national security and counterterrorism agency, the CIA, ranks among the top five in the world for its efficiency and rigor in its work. But the report also notes that India's intelligence services are also known for their brutality. The Indian Intelligence Agency (ISI) is well-known for its so-called "illegal secret searches" such as manpower reconnaissance, eavesdropping on hotel rooms, and infiltrating target rooms to steal documents. Unlocking, breaking safes, photocopying, photographing, electronic reconnaissance (including the use of electronic bugs and pinhole cameras), checking mail and forging documents are also second to none.

Military Intelligence: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

The main task of the bureau is to guide and coordinate the work of the intelligence gathering departments of the army, navy and air force. The original Intelligence Bureau, Research and Analysis Bureau, Military Intelligence Agency, Air Force Intelligence Agency, and Naval Intelligence Directorate will all be under the unified command of the DIA Director. DIA has the right to obtain all information from the above-mentioned bureaux.

France

External intelligence: Directorate General of External Security (DGSE).

Founded after the war of World War II subsided, its energy, technical means, efficiency and achievements have attracted worldwide attention, and it is a milestone in the transition of the French intelligence services from a wartime system to a peaceful system. It is under the control of the Ministry of National Defense and is engaged in foreign intelligence activities.

Counterintelligence: Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (DST).

The Territorial Surveillance Directorate, which is subordinate to the National Police, itself under the control of the Ministry of the Interior. DST carries out counterintelligence and anti-terrorist missions.

Military Intelligence: Directorate of Military Intelligence (DRM).

The Directorate of Military Intelligence, which is also under the control of the Ministry of Defence, is engaged in military intelligence activities and is also responsible for the interception of electronic communications.

Ukraine

National Security Service of Ukraine

On September 20, 1991, shortly after Ukraine's formal independence, the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine issued a special resolution: to create Ukraine's own security apparatus to replace the Ukrainian branch of the former Soviet KGB. At first the name of this agency was "Ukrainian Intelligence Service", which was later changed to "Security Service of Ukraine". In March 1992, the Parliament of Ukraine passed the Law on the National Security Service of Ukraine, giving it a legal name called the "National Security Service of Ukraine", which is placed under the dual leadership of the President and the Parliament, so that the Parliament has set up a "National Defense and National Security Committee" to guide and supervise the work of the intelligence services.

Egypt

General Directorate of Egyptian Intelligence

Egypt's General Intelligence Directorate is recognized as one of the "most advanced intelligence agencies in Africa" and played an important role in the war with Israel. In particular, in the Fourth Middle East War, the Egyptian General Intelligence Department provided the Egyptian army with a large amount of military intelligence, which enabled the Egyptian army to break through the "fire array," break through the "sand bank," break through the Palev defense line in one fell swoop, and completely annihilate the ace 90 armored brigade, which impressed counterparts from all over the world.

Born out of the war, the General Intelligence Directorate is Egypt's main spy agency, formerly the General Intelligence Agency, created in March 1954 and subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior. The Directorate reports directly to the President, who personally intervenes in operational activities and assigns various tasks. The General Intelligence Directorate, which receives funding from the Office of the President, has many privileges, is headed by senior military or police officials, and has its own spy training school. Its main responsibilities are to collect, analyze, and provide secret intelligence at home and abroad, coordinate the intelligence work of various Egyptian spy agencies, and carry out counterintelligence activities. It attaches great importance to open intelligence research, sets up special research institutes, pays attention to giving play to the role of experts and scholars, and obtains a number of strategic intelligences.

Australia

Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIO).

Of all the intelligence agencies in Australia, the Secret Intelligence Service is the most secretive intelligence unit. This agency is mainly responsible for sending spies overseas. It was not until 1977 that the Australian government officially recognized the existence of the agency. In 2001, the Secret Intelligence Service was granted the corresponding legal status.

The agency is secretive partly because of its cultural environment, and partly because of the job they do: sending spies overseas to gather "human intelligence" — and often using illegal means to obtain it. With the development of the form, the Secret Intelligence Service was given a new task, not only to collect intelligence, but also to participate in anti-smuggling and anti-terrorist activities.

China

Foreign Intelligence and Military Intelligence: Second Department of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

The Second Department of the General Staff is commonly known as the Intelligence Department of the General Staff, and the Second Department seems to have two core functions. First of all, it is responsible for collecting and analyzing military and political intelligence. Second, military exchanges with foreign countries should strengthen military ties and mutual trust with foreign militaries. In addition, there are three functions: first, to dispatch intelligence personnel to foreign countries to collect military intelligence under the cover of various identities; the second is the analysis of military intelligence from foreign public publications; Third, the Military Attache Bureau will send military attachés to embassies abroad. It is an important unit of our army to obtain military intelligence.

Counterintelligence: Ministry of State Security (MSS).

The Ministry of State Security is the full-time intelligence and security department of the Chinese government. It was established in July 1983 by the merger of the two main units of the former Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Investigation Department and the Ministry of Public Security, as well as the United Front Work Department and the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.

Other intelligence agencies

Canada/CSIS, Singapore/ISD, Turkey/JITEM, Brazilian Intelligence Agency/ABIN, Iranian Ministry of National Security/VEVAK.