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Yan Shenyu's eyes turned around, and he saw that the hall was surrounded by a stele corridor, which displayed the calligraphy and painting inscriptions of the eight monsters. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info Koala looked at the two pillars in front of the main hall. On the inside, one is inscribed by Zheng Banqiao: "Delete the complicated and simplify the three autumn trees; Collar the new February flowers". On the outside is Jin Nong's "lacquer calligraphy" couplet: "More than 3,000 years old; Eighty-one Strange Words".

There is an iron wok, the same as the one in the Slender West Lake, which was cast in the Xiaoliang period of the Southern Dynasty and was used for the town of water. Due to the floods in Yangzhou at that time, nine iron woks have been found in Yangzhou so far.

Yan Shenyu led the koala into the main hall, and a group of statues of the eight monsters of Yangzhou were placed in the center of the hall. The statue sits or stands, or waves, or ponders, or howls, or whispers, both form and spirit, lifelike. After paying attention for a while, I clicked on the number of statues, and found that there were as many as fifteen.

It was known that the eight monsters of Yangzhou were represented by Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, Huang Shen, Li Fangying, Li Yi, Wang Shishen, Gao Xiang, and Luo Ping. But in addition, there are Gao Fenghan, Hua Zhe, Bian Shoumin, Min Zhen, Chen Shu, Yang Fa, Li Bao, etc., a total of fifteen people.

In fact, the concept of "Yangzhou Eight Monsters" refers to a group of literati who lived in Yangzhou during the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty, with stubborn personalities, strange behaviors, love calligraphy and painting, and love to write poetry.

The eight monsters like to paint plum, bamboo, stone, and orchid the most. They express their interests with the pride of plum, the coldness of stone, the clarity of bamboo, and the fragrance of orchid. Among them, Luo Ping also likes to paint ghosts, and the ghosts in his pen are all kinds of shapes.

Although the Eight Monsters of Yangzhou lived in the Qing Dynasty "Kangqian Prosperous Era", what prevailed in officialdom at that time was despicable, treacherous, and inflammatory. They are very disgusted by this rotten officialdom.

Zheng Banqiao believes that most of those who have always been officials do not do good deeds. When he was appointed governor of the county, as soon as he took office, he sent people to dig several door openings on the outer wall of the old mansion to lead directly to the market. He also said that this can "bring out the vulgar atmosphere of the old officials".

On the walls around the memorial hall, there are calligraphy and painting works of "Yangzhou Eight Monsters", and the calligraphy and painting works of Yangzhou Eight Monsters advocate pushing through the old and bringing forth the new. Self-contained portal.

The master of artistic creation is natural, expressing temperament; In terms of painting style, they have their own characteristics, competing for beauty; In terms of expression, he pursues the perfect combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. They were in opposition to the orthodox school of painting and calligraphy, which was dominant at the time, and were called "weird".

With the passage of time and the change of concept, this "strange" name has gradually changed from derogatory to positive. The positive and innovative spirit of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" gave a break to the traditional conservatives, and their works had a profound impact on later generations of calligraphers and painters.

Then. Most of the "Eight Monsters" are reluctant to join the ranks. In the year of Qianlong Bingchen, someone recommended Jin Nong's erudition and vocabulary, and he laughed it off. Later, some people called him "a hundred years of cloth clothes, an old celebrity of the three dynasties." The hair is sparse and the snow is small, and the anger is immortal. Five of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou" have never been officials for life.

Although Zheng Banqiao, Li Fangying, and Li Yi have served as county magistrates, because they are honest and honest, dare to be angry with officials, and sympathize with the people, they are not tolerated by their superiors. Abandoned the official successively. Sell paintings for a living. Most of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou" put their life's interests in poetry, calligraphy and painting. As poets, they pay attention to reflecting the sufferings of the people and expressing their inner anguish, so that their works imply profound ideological content. Huang Shen wrote in a short poem: "Huang Shen has no strength, but there is no food; What a black rat, enjoy Taicang! In this way, he sympathized with the poor peasants and attacked corrupt officials and corrupt officials.

Among the eight monsters, Zheng Xie is the most famous. Zheng Xie, No. Banqiao. He is Kangxi's talent and Yongzheng's lifter. Qianlong's jinshi, although he has been an official for more than ten years, has a clean breeze on his sleeves. Later, he was dismissed due to the famine and returned to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living.

Zheng Banqiao wrote a large number of poems in his life, including "The Fierce Official", "Fu Lonely Travel", "Escape from the Famine", etc., describing the miserable life of poor peasants. He wrote a poem "Qin Yuan Heng? Hate": "Shan Han is difficult to change, and the remaining hats and green shirts are too thin. Look at the autumn grass of Pengmen. Broken alleys every year; The drizzle is sparse from the window, and the lonely light is lit at night.

Could it be that the Lord of Heaven is still holding his mouth with hatred and is not allowed to cry out once or twice? He was very crazy, took a hundred pieces of black silk and wrote them in detail. "Compassion for the heavens and people. Words are in words.

He also has a famous inscription poem: "Yazhai lies down and listens to Xiao Xiaozhu, suspected to be the voice of the people's suffering." Some small Caozhou county officials, one branch and one leaf are always concerned. Such a group of talented literati, with a cynical mentality, indulged in landscapes, and vented their depression through calligraphy, painting, poetry and writing.

The ups and downs of his life experience have led him to write well-known works such as "Suffering is a blessing, and it is rare to be confused". There is also an ancient ginkgo tree outside the main hall, which is more than 600 years old, and this ginkgo tree is more than 700 years old.

In front of the ginkgo tree outside the main hall of the Western Temple is the abbot's room, and it is also the place where Jin Nong, the head of the eight monsters in Yangzhou, lives. Jin Nong lived here after he was 70 years old, and the abbot's room was three rooms wide, with two entrances in front and back, and a courtyard.

Jin Nong's words Shoumen, Sinong, Jijin, Dongxin, also known as Jiliu Shanmin, Qujiang Waishi, Xiye Jushi, etc. Aliases are: Jinniu, Lao Ding, Guquan, Zhuquan, Jimei Lord, Lotus Body Layman, Longsuo Cyclamen, Shame Chun Weng, Shou Daoist, Jin Ji Jin, Su Valo Ji Su Valo (Buddhist classics "Su Valo" is the Chinese word "gold", Su Valo Ji Su Valo is Jin Ji Jin), Xin Twenty Liulang, Xiantan Flower Sweeper, Jinniu Lake Conference Lao, Baier Yan Tian Rich Man, etc.

Jin Nong was born in the 26th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1686) and died in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763) Jin Nong was a bright and intelligent student, and studied in the early years of the scholar He Zhuo's house, and Ding Jing, one of the "Eight Families of Xiling", and was known as the "Three Masters of Western Zhejiang" to interact and edify, and increased his erudition and talent. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), he failed to take the examination in the capital, and was depressed, so he traveled all over the world, going to Qi, Lu, Yan, Zhao, Qin, Jin, Wu, Yue, and finally met nothing. At the age of fifty, he began to learn painting, because of his profound knowledge, many famous sites, and deep books, he eventually became a generation of famous artists.

In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, the 64-year-old Jin farmer began to settle in Yangzhou to sell calligraphy and paintings to support himself, and was the head of the eight monsters in Yangzhou. His wife died and had no children, so he never returned. First lived in Xie Sikong Temple, today Ning Temple. At the age of 70, he moved to the Western Temple, and in the autumn of the 28th year of Qianlong, the 77-year-old Jin Nong died in loneliness.

Compared with the other seven monsters, Jin Nong's painting path is wider, he does not follow others, and he is unique and ingenious, which is inseparable from his knowledge, talent, and mind. Because he did not have a career in his life, but he was very famous in the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, so he had the nickname of "the famous man of the three dynasties".

The front three rooms are the Buddha Hall of Jin Nong, and the Buddha statue in the middle of the Buddha shrine is painted by Jin Nong himself. Jin Nong believed in Buddhism in his later years, specializing in painting Buddha and writing scriptures, and now Jin Nong's living room has restored his living and painting furnishings.

Walk into Jinnong's chanting hall. From the five-character couplet in this Buddhist shrine: write a hundred volumes of scriptures, and paint a thousand Buddhas. It is conceivable that the situation and mentality of the golden farmers back then. The Buddha statue painted by Jin Nong in the middle is particularly wonderful.

The lines used in the folded structure of the clothes are calligraphy pens rich in gold and stone, such as "golden wrong knife", like "cone painting sand", which is dignified and vigorous, and the face is outlined with the "ink extension" method with lines. Very expressive.

The most distinctive is to take more than 20 lines and more than 700 words as the background, such as a vertical ribbon with Zen language written, its content describes where the Buddha came from, the role of the Buddha to people, the 40 great painters in history painted the Buddha statues for each temple respectively, as well as their own understanding of Buddhism and the scene description of the painting, which can be called the work of Jin Nong's painting of the Buddha.

The temple is surrounded by pictures of the works painted by Jin Nong and Luo Ping in those years, each accompanied by a short essay on appreciation. This "Xianglin Sweeping Tower" vividly depicts the image of an unkempt and dirty paramecium novice cleaning the courtyard from the back.

Inscription: 'Buddhism takes Sasao as the first deacon, and since the novice has been old and bald, he has always gotten up early and worked diligently. There is a tower in the fragrant forest, which is swept and washed. Wash and sweep. The relics magnify the light, not in the tower but in the hands. Suvaroji Suvaro".

This philosophical text is the embodiment of Jin Nong's Buddhist thought of "Buddha is my heart".

There are three rooms in the back, the middle is the living room, the left is the bedroom, and the right is the studio. In the autumn of the twentieth year of Qianlong (1763), Jin Nongke died here, and the next year he was buried in the Yellow Crane Mountain in Linping, West Lake City, by his disciple Luo Pingfushu.

On the doorpost of the house, there is a couplet in Jin Nong's "lacquer book style" and drinking wine with the boy; A glimpse of the ancient Kaiqi book".

In his later years, Jin Nong lived in this small courtyard with two entrances and three rooms. At that time, the Western temple was in a depression and decay. It was desolate, and Jin Nong had inscribed a poem on the wall in the temple: "There is no Buddha and no monk." An empty hall with a lamp. A cup of greedy Beijing wine, a book kills the middle vine. Occupy the dream of the present, and the old man can't. What's the idea here? Ikegami crane peeps at the ice. ”

At this time, Jin Nong was already old and frail, and commented on himself: "Delusions are all absolute", calling himself "the youngest disciple of Rulai" and "a monk with a heart to become a monk with porridge and rice", and he made a living selling paintings. While chanting, writing scriptures, and painting Buddha for self-entertainment.

It seems that the situation at that time was very bleak, and the painter was alone in the lamp, and his figure was only a shadow, but the respectable person was "old and unsuccessful", and he would never tend to be inflammatory. It is better to "peep at the ice on the pond", maintain elegance and nobility, and win people's memories with its character and art. What can be comforted is that now his former residence has become a memorial hall to commemorate their eight monsters, in which the life achievements of the eight monsters and the fragrant ink have made future generations admire the magnificent style of the eight monsters.

There is a small courtyard between the front and back of the hermit room, there are two hundred-year-old osmanthus trees, and the west side is planted against the wall, and strange stones are erected. It is based on Jin Nong's "Banana Stone Map", which is small but very meaningful. There are three rooms in the back of the living room, the east is the bedroom, the middle is the living room, and the west is the painting room.

On the wall of the bedroom hangs Jin Nong's "Cai Ling Tu", and the inscription poem says: "The mountains of Wuxing are like green snails, and there are more trees under the mountains than cow hair." Cai Ling re-Cai Ling, across the boat to hear the laughter and songs. Wang Sun was injured in the twilight of his old age, and drew the road on Yuhu Lake. The two hands are slender and affectionate, and I think of the red sleeves and the sun. ”

A couplet on the wall in the middle of the living room, "Evil clothes and bad food poems are better, non-Buddha and non-immortals are amazing", which is a gift from Jin Nong's collection of Tang sentences to his old friend Wang Shishen, Wang Shishen has a lifetime of cloth clothes, a bumpy fate, and is blind in his later years, Jin Nong praises others for his strange and good poetry, which reflects the affection of the two people who are like-minded and confidant of each other, in fact, this couplet is also a portrayal of Jin Nong himself.

This self-portrait in the middle is both physical and spiritual, and the youngest disciple wears red shoes, meaning "stepping through the red dust". There are four paintings and calligraphy hanging on the left and right walls, namely Jin Nong's "Jade Pot Spring Color Picture", Wang Shishen's "Plum Branch Picture", Zheng Banqiao's "Inscription Poem", and Luo Ping's "Bamboo and Stone Picture".

In the studio, there are bookcases, treasure cabinets, and painting tables, and there is an unfinished plum branch on the painting table, as if the owner has just left. Jin farmers live in Yangzhou and become the guests of the major salt merchants. A salt merchant was having a banquet in Pingshan Hall, and someone suggested that each person make a poem about "Feihong" to help the wine, and when it was the turn of the salt merchant, he thought hard for a while but did not come up with a sentence.

The guests asked him to punish him for drinking, and he suddenly read out a sentence "Pieces of red catkins fly up".

Everyone laughed when they heard it, and Qi said that it was his nonsense, snow-white catkins, can it be "red"? Ask him to hand over the source. In embarrassment, Jin Nong got up and said, "This is a poem by Yuanren Yongping Shantang, and he quoted it correctly."

Everyone didn't believe it, and asked Jin Nong to read out the whole article, and Jin Nong calmly recited: Twenty-four winds by the twenty-four bridge, and the old Jiangdong is still remembered by the railing. The sunset shines back on the peach blossom dock, and the catkins fly in patches of red.

In fact, this poem was improvised by Jin Nong to become a salt merchant to relieve the siege. Of course, the embarrassed salt merchant was very happy, and after a day, he gave a lot of silver taels to the gold farmer as a reward.

To the southwest of the hermit is the Jinnong Tea Room, where you can learn a lot about the culture of tea from the calligraphy and painting works of Jinnong and Wang Shishen, who is known as the "Tea Saint". Wang Shishen lost his sight in his later years, and the cause of his blindness may be directly related to his excessive tea addiction.

This "Yuchuanzi Sencha Picture" is painted by Jin Nong in imitation of the Song Dynasty, and the situation of sencha in the painting reproduces the original tea production method. The famous "tea song" in this calligraphy work of "Yuchuanzi Loves Tea" is the description of the seven realms of tea drinking by the Tang Dynasty poet Lu Tong:

"One bowl of throat kiss moist, two bowls of broken loneliness. Three bowls of dry intestines, only 5,000 volumes of words. Four bowls of light sweat, life injustice, all to the pores. Five bowls of muscles and bones, six bowls of fairies. Seven bowls can't be eaten, but I feel that the two armpits are used to the breeze, Penglai Mountain, where is it? Yuchuanzi, take advantage of this breeze to return. ”

In the future, all those who study tea will like to quote this poem, because tea is not just a drink for us Chinese people, it has already become a spiritual symbol and a symbol of life status, and it has been deeply integrated into Chinese culture.

A row of green bamboos on the west side of the tea room is born according to the wall, sparse and dense, and the upper right of the white wall is written in a staggered and changing "lacquer book" with Jin Nong's "painting bamboo inscription":

"After the age of sixty, he began to learn to paint bamboo, and there was no one in the former Xianzhu School. The things of the house are planted and repaired in tens of millions, and the sun shadow writes its state whenever the sun is shining, that is, this gentleman is also a teacher." There are two stalagmites under the word, and the scenery is unique.

A small courtyard and a white wall, because of the green bamboo, strange stones, and lacquer books, seem to form a picture of the idea of the "Eight Monsters" leader Jin Nong and nature, thus becoming a scene of "green shadow mending the wall".

Yan Shenyu and Koala walked slowly together, enjoying the beauty of the scenery, these two sisters are smart, they don't need to say anything, but with the tacit understanding of joining forces, no one wants to be steadily suppressed by An Chuyu in their future lives. (To be continued.) )

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