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Ulaanbaatar used to be called Kulen. The name was changed after it was established, which is the same reason that the Koreans changed Seoul to Seoul.

Ulaanbaatar is built on the hilly ground between the mountains, and the buildings on the main street have a strong Russian flavor and are very elegant, usually three to five storeys, and the tallest buildings in the city are only a dozen or so. There is a grand square in the center of the city, and there is a shopping mall in the commercial area that is exactly the same as the Wangfujing Department Store in Beijing, and even the stone used for the staircase handrails is the same, and it is said that the same drawings are used.

New residential areas are on the rise in Ulaanbaatar, and by comparison, the buildings of the seventies and eighties resemble the five- and six-storey buildings built in China at the same time, and the buildings of the earlier era, although old, are very sophisticated when viewed on closer inspection, and there are a large number of low-rise houses built on sloping land, sandwiched between many yurts.

A little out of the city, a large area of mountain grassland suddenly rushed to the face, the grass is not high, livestock are free to graze, Mongolia's animal husbandry is basically in a state of natural grazing, a weekend, the grassland scenery is good where there are often city people driving out to play.

Relative to the capital's population of 800,000. There are still quite a lot of cars in Ulaanbaatar, and all the cars running on the streets are foreign cars, and South Korea has the most second-hand cars.

Because Mongolia has little of its own manufacturing industry, the three pillars of its economy are mining, agriculture and retail. Due to the small number of people, the per capita natural resources are relatively abundant. Housing here uses a lot of timber, and trees are cut down haphazardly.

Although there is little rain, there is no shortage of water in the city, and the water in several rivers is abundant and clear. Mongolians can build houses on land that is largely unrestricted except in the city center, and it is easy to get government approval.

Ulaanbaatar is a capital city with a relatively high latitude and altitude, and is located deep inland, so its winters are long, but its summers are cool and charming, with long days and bright at 9 o'clock in the evening. It's just that the malls in Ulaanbaatar close early, and the department stores close at 8 p.m.

It is difficult to draw conclusions about the standard of living of Mongolians, the average monthly salary of Mongolian civil servants is about 40 US dollars, and the average monthly salary of taxi drivers is 70 US dollars, but the actual life of everyone seems to be better than this figure reflects.

According to the embassy, this figure may be low for the Mongols themselves, in order to get more economic aid from Western countries, in fact, the Mongols themselves believe that their lives are much better now than in previous years.

"Mongolia's urban population is highly educated, and there are many people who have traveled abroad, and they are generally well-informed. In the pastoral area, we visited a herder family, except for the old couple. There are also four daughters, two of whom are abroad, and the walls of the yurt are covered with pictures taken by the daughters around the world. The embassy staff said to Fan Wuxian, "The living habits of the people of Ulaanbaatar are greatly influenced by Russia, and although the food structure is still Mongolian, the tableware and eating methods are all Western-style. ”

Although they did not meet beggars, there were many children selling small commodities at tourist spots, and some of them pestered and chased after customers to ask for purchases, and they couldn't get rid of them, just like in some tourist areas in China.

"This is the biggest mall in Ulaanbaatar?!" When Fan Wuxi saw the scene in front of him, his eyes couldn't help but widen, and he couldn't speak for a long time.

Although he has long had no extravagant hopes for the livelihood of Mongolia, when he saw the largest shopping mall in Ulaanbaatar, Fan Wuxian still felt that he was a little out and couldn't keep up with the development of the situation.

The building in front of me, although it looks quite large and sturdy, and the exterior decoration is also marble veneer, but no matter how you look at it, it looks like a Soviet-style building style in the 50s, which I often saw in the factory area of the Plains Factory. Later, Panshi City carried out large-scale demolition, and these old buildings have long bid farewell to this era and become a piece of history in old photos.

"That's right, this is the largest shopping mall in Ulaanbaatar, and it is also one of the first large-scale buildings that China built to Mongolia during the Sino-Soviet friendship period in the 50s." The embassy staff explained to Fan Wuxian very enthusiastically.

In the 50s, the People's Republic of China sent more than 20,000 people to Mongolia twice, and with their help, Mongolia's factories rose one after another, and roads ran through all parts of Mongolia, and many economic projects that Mongolia urgently needed to develop were completed with the help of Chinese workers.

However, after the Sino-Soviet war became hostile, Mongolia immediately sided with the Soviet Union without hesitation and turned against China.

Over the decades, Russia's influence on Mongolia has penetrated into all aspects of politics, economy, and culture. Taking language as an example, after independence, Mongolia implemented Russian language education, the upper strata of society spoke Russian, and the children of powerful people studied in the Soviet Union, and Mongolian culture and traditions gradually disappeared.

At present, the official language of Mongolia is Khalkha Mongolian, and the writing is written using the Cyrillic alphabet created by the Slavs, and those who are familiar with linguistics will know that it is this alphabet used in Russian, while the traditional Mongolian language is still used in Inner Mongolia, which is of the same nationality and roots.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, China stretched from the Altai Mountains in the west, Lake Baikal in the north, and the Ergun River in the east. Then. The Mongol nation had not yet been formed, and in the Tang Dynasty, it began to set up state capitals there and exercise direct jurisdiction. In the Song Dynasty, a branch of the northern nomadic tribes began to flourish, and Genghis Khan unified the various tribes of the desert and established a unified Mongol Khanate, and soon the Mongols defeated the Great Song regime and established the Yuan Dynasty. Later, this fierce and warlike people marched into Central Asia, West Asia and even Europe, sweeping across the Caucasus, the Caspian Sea, and the Baltic Sea coast, establishing the largest empire in the world at that time.

The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty further integrated the Mongols and Han ethnic groups and became an important part of Chinese civilization. Soon after the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing government, China entered the era of warlordism, with provinces and regions declaring independence, and Outer Mongolia joined the process, driven by Tsarist Russia.

At first, Tsarist Russia also recognized Outer Mongolia as Chinese territory and only demanded autonomy for Outer Mongolia, but in the process of peace talks between the two sides, Duan Qirui's government sent General Xu Shuzheng to lead troops into Outer Mongolia. Outer Mongolia was forced to give up its autonomy by force.

Unexpectedly, the next year, Duan Qirui's regime collapsed, and a group of bandits in Tsarist Russia supported the princes and nobles of Outer Mongolia and drove the squadron out of the capital Kulun. Another year passed, with the help of the Soviet army, the troops of the Mongolian Revolutionary Party attacked the squadron in the rest of the region, the squadron was defeated, the Mongolian king who accepted the canonization of the central government was overthrown, and Mongolia became a constitutional monarchy, after which the squadron never entered Outer Mongolia again, while the Soviet army remained stationed in Mongolia until 1986.

Fan Wuxi looked at everything in front of him, and couldn't help but shake his head and said, "In the past, the country's assistance to these white-eyed wolves was too much. When the people in the country were still hungry, a lot of money was sprinkled here, and it cannot be said that it was not a failure, in fact, we did not get any real return, if it were for me, we would never have done these big and inappropriate things. ”

The embassy staff immediately stopped talking, this kind of topic of criticizing the founding leader, Fan Wuxian can say that they are not suitable to follow and participate in peace, that is a matter of position.

China is poor, this is a sentence that every leader has said, but at the same time, the amount and amount of China's foreign aid are also jaw-dropping.

Since the end of the fifties, there has been too much government aid for North Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Pakistan, Cambodia for the Khmer Rouge, Mongolia for Albania, Tanzania and the "African brothers".

It is said that when the Pakistani prime minister visited China, he asked the Chinese for assistance. At that time, China was not rich, so the prime minister decided to give 50 million after thinking about it, but when he showed the report to the chairman, he added a zero to the end.

As for North Korea, during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, China devoted almost all its resources to supporting it, and after the end, it continued to provide all kinds of assistance in order to maintain the regime, and this situation has continued to this day. According to foreign media reports, China provides 500,000 tons of grain, 1 million tons of oil, and 2.5 million tons of coke to the DPRK every year.

In accordance with the principle of "giving as much as you want," China did its utmost to provide assistance to Vietnam, providing as much as $20 billion in aid to Vietnam from guns and ammunition, food, trucks, medicines, and communications equipment, and even sent 100,000 troops to participate in the war. Helped them fight for free, built roads, engaged in logistics, became strong men, and exchanged the blood of the Chinese for their victory.

But when they turned around, they used the guns sent by the Chinese as weapons, and the rice aided by the Chinese as a gun rack and bunker to shoot the Chinese soldiers.

For Albania, within six years, they were given 9 billion yuan, which is equivalent to hundreds of billions of yuan now according to the gold content and purchasing power of the currency at that time. As a result, the factories that had been built at the expense of valuable foreign exchange resources were left in debt, most of the factories were shut down, and the equipment was completely abandoned. The aid fort was used by them to raise chickens, and the aid trucks were thrown all over the mountains and rusted.

As for Tanzania, despite its limited railway capacity, a 1,800-kilometer-long railway was built for them, and the 1,800-kilometer-long rails had to be transported to Africa by the Chinese themselves, and tens of thousands of engineering teams had to reimburse all the food and accommodation expenses themselves, blow up mountains and open roads, pave roads and build bridges, and all raw materials and construction costs were paid by the Chinese for them.

The cost of building this railway exceeded the limit that the state could bear, and the project took 10 years and cost more than 2 billion yuan.

Whenever Fan Wuxi thought of these things, he couldn't help but sigh, thinking that God had given him such an opportunity, why did he have to get back everything he had thrown here from Mongolia? That's really not too much to ask.

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