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It is not only that the people who can stand in this position are wise and wise people, but also because once they are in this position, there are very few simple interests that can tie them.

Under such circumstances, coupled with the fact that we have very considerable intelligence resources and channels, it is actually relatively easy to look at the problem objectively. It is precisely because our own interests are in fact the interests of the entire nation that we are able to straighten out various relationships and make selective judgments.

On the issue of how to deal with state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and on the question of who should be more important and who should be light, there is no need to say much.

Back in the mid-eighties, due to the two-track system of prices. Then there was reselling all over the place. The first category is that government-run "private" companies engage in frenzied reselling, but the profits obtained from reselling are still government-owned in nature. There are two basic ways to take possession of it privately, one in the name of contracting, and the other is corruption.

The other category is the pseudo-collectives and state-owned companies that are privately invested in the hat of collectives.

At that time, the new township enterprises were forced to be excluded from the raw material program, and were not only the last recipients of raw material reselling activities, but also sometimes carried out reselling themselves. At the same time, countless coffins have also emerged in society, and there is a saying that one billion people are one billion down.

In this process, the trend of bribery and introduction of bribery is booming, which is commonly referred to as the kickback wind.

In this way, a number of reselling private capital, embezzlement accumulators, and bribery accumulators have emerged in China. Introduce the bribe accumulators. In the late eighties, there were a large number of anti-corruption investigations

Example.

However, these private capitals are not private capital in essence, and the root of their accumulation is government-run capital, which is the conversion of relying on state and collective capital to private capital, so their sin is not so much the sin of private capital as the sin of government-run capital, and the sin of rights and their rights relations.

After entering the 90s, a batch of private capital of more than 100,000 or 1 million accumulated through financial activities or financial operations appeared. One is through the purchase of stock warrants and stock wealth. They are not guilty, and their guilt is also the naïve sin of the Chinese stock market itself. There is also a kind of sin that is not only sinful, but also sinful. Taking advantage of the irregularities of the banks and the bribery of bank officials, they take huge bank loans in the name of the collective enterprises, and then transfer the funds to their own private enterprises, and the collective enterprises continue to bear the bank debts.

The essence of this situation is corruption, which is closely related to the official rights of the embezzler, so the crime is still a crime committed by public office, an official and commercial crime, not a civil and commercial crime.

After Di Gong's southern tour in 1992, domestic private capital sprung up, for example, Fan Wuzhi also returned to China from the United States at this time to carry out a large-scale exhibition, which was also a new one of the domestic economic take-off. It is of great significance to the entire reform and opening up.

There are many reasons for the rapid growth of private capital at this time.

In terms of sin, there are mainly the following situations. Bribery, joint bribery, and bribery.

For example, in the mid-90s, he claimed to be the No. 1 private entrepreneur in a certain city, and his assets were claimed to be 20 to 30 million yuan, and his original position was a cadre in charge of crude oil supply.

There is also a person who organizes private equity funds to operate stocks, and there are two villas in Beijing alone, and four or five villas and high-end residences in Shanghai. claimed that he didn't know how to spend money, he turned out to be in charge of import and export approvals by a ministry and commission of the State Council, and accumulated a lot of money in his position, and then accepted it as a stock when he saw it, and chose to do a private equity fund because there were people in it, and he guaranteed profits by giving shares to the people inside.

There is also embezzlement, embezzlement of public funds and accumulation of capital after operation, use of the resources of official positions to support relatives or reliable people to operate, and when the time is ripe, get rid of their own shares.

Then there is smuggling, counterfeiting and counterfeiting, and financial fraud.

Among them, at least the first few are direct crimes abusing public office, not the crime of private capital, and if it is not private capital, there is no such thing as the crime of private capital. And then several. Even if it is not a duty crime. To be bigger, it is also inextricably linked to other people's job-related crimes.

Another situation is more complicated, and that is the buyout of publicly owned enterprises.

Some people deliberately take advantage of privatization policies to change high public capital into low private capital. It's full of cats, and it's not impossible to judge guilt from experience. But because the government is accustomed to a one-size-fits-all approach, it is more often the case that public assets are "gifted" to the heads of enterprises and "forced" to become private owners.

In some of the corporate buyout campaigns of the year. When the party committee and the government proposed that the enterprises at the town and village levels should be bought out, of course, the buyout people were naturally the factory directors and managers of these enterprises, except for a few factory directors and managers who expressed their willingness to be converted into private bosses, most of them were not active, the reason was not in the operation, but in the funds, they could not take out the money, some people said, "We have always been honest, according to the rules to get wages, how much money can be paid, the town leaders can calculate, now suddenly to come up with a large amount of money to buy out, do you think that we used to be corrupt elements, there is a lot of money hidden in the family?" I knew it was like this. We used to be corrupt. ”

As a result, in order to complete the buyout task, the public assets had to be greatly discounted, and flexible measures could only be taken in the way of collecting the buyout money, resulting in a situation of half selling and half giving away.

Taking into account all the circumstances, after the embryonic period, the domestic private capital continued to join this contingent from the 80s to the 90s of the 20 th century. Gradually, from innocence to guilt, from misdemeanor to felony. From fewer sins to many sins. But. Since it does not belong to the embryonic stage, it cannot be said to be original sin.

Private capital in the country is a whole concept, a class or stratum, which must be examined from its overall evolution, and the guilt of the latecomers can be traced back to the original sin. It doesn't follow the basic logic.

These guilts come from bureaucrats, officials and businessmen, and their allies, not real private enterprises, and the non-governmental nature of private capital determines that real private enterprises can represent the essence of private capital, therefore, in essence, these guilty private capital cannot represent the whole. Private capital is guilty, let alone private enterprises are guilty.

Those guilty after they were converted to private capital. Basically, it belongs to the type of bureaucrats who resign from their posts or whose relatives use the power of the government to engage in production and trade, and the type of people who are not bureaucrats and their relatives but who form alliances with the bureaucrats and their institutions and engage in production and trade with the help of government forces.

In fact, the private capital population in China is more likely to be small traders, small processing owners, and small business owners. Therefore. A small number of the population are guilty, and the whole population is guilty.

These sins were not committed primarily when they were private capitalists, but mainly when they were bureaucrats.

From this point of view, their sin is not the sin of private capital, but the sin of bureaucratic capital, and as private capital should be innocent. If it is called the original sin because their predecessors were bureaucrats and they accumulated capital through crime and transferred to the ranks of private capital when they were bureaucrats, it is equivalent to saying that after the puppet army surrendered, revolted, and was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, it is as absurd as alleging that the Eighth Route Army had the original sin of being traitors.

It cannot be denied that some individuals of private capital will be guilty, for example, those who accumulate capital through the production and sale of counterfeit goods, but the guilt of individual individuals cannot be equal to the guilt of private capital as a whole, just as the crime of workers does not mean that the working class is guilty, and the crime of peasants does not mean that the peasant class is guilty.

Another argument that private capital is guilty of original sin is to indiscriminately judge that they have always committed serious tax evasion, which is clearly a crude and irrational accusation. The basic goal of all capital with autonomous status is always profit, and the profit that has practical significance is always profit after tax, so they will always try to reduce their tax expenditure.

It is precisely because of this that tax design and tax rate adjustment have become one of the basic economic levers of a country.

When the national taxes and tax rates are not exemptible, there are two basic ways to reduce tax revenue: one is reasonable tax avoidance, and the other is tax evasion. Reasonable tax avoidance involves complex business techniques and accounting techniques, which are both reasonable and legal, and there is no question of whether it is a crime or not. Tax evasion is illegal, but it is an offence only if the amount of tax evaded reaches a certain amount.

Reasonable tax avoidance is a common phenomenon, and it can be considered that any operator who does not know or does not attempt reasonable tax avoidance is not a qualified or qualified operator. Tax evasion is always a minority phenomenon compared to reasonable tax avoidance.

The problem is that the government is based on fiscal interests. In the face of the fact that reasonable tax avoidance is universal, it is conceptually condemned as tax evasion, and even, sometimes it is punished according to tax evasion, which creates the false impression of widespread tax evasion in China, and forms a strong empirical public opinion, and the spearhead of public opinion is unreasonably guided to the head of private capital.

The fact is that due to the increasing bloat of government institutions, the gentrification and aristocracy of civil servants. He has long been keen on various image engineering investments. As a result, the fiscal sector is increasingly caught in a deficit trap. As a result, the government's collection of taxes is becoming more and more intensive.

The increase in tax revenue has outpaced the growth of the national economy, reflecting the government's tax pressure on enterprises.

The long-term discriminatory status of private enterprises determines that they must be in the weakest position in the business world in the face of high taxes, and the same amount of tax evasion will generally not be criminally prosecuted in state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, and foreign enterprises, and will naturally be followed up by criminal prosecution in private enterprises.

Although the absolute number of private enterprises being criminally prosecuted for tax evasion is not large, because state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, and foreign enterprises are rarely criminally prosecuted for tax evasion, it further creates a social illusion that all private enterprises evade taxes.

It can be seen from this that the judgment that China's private capital has always had serious tax evasion is based on a false and misguided public opinion.

The high-level government debate over the Hebei No. 1 document also lasted for several days, and everyone quarreled bitterly, and finally reached a unified opinion. The introduction of this document was considered to be out of date.

In fact, the introduction of this document is also somewhat in conflict with the macroeconomic regulation and control currently being carried out at the top level, the central government is to regulate and control large amounts of investment, and this document on the Hebei side, on the surface, seems to be a treatment for private enterprises, but in fact it is to loosen the restrictions on some large bureaucratic capital, in order to obtain a return on investment.

According to statistics, the added value of Hebei's private economy accounted for 3 percent of GDP last year, one percentage point lower than that of Xijiang. It is one percentage point lower than Jiangsu; The number of private enterprises in Xijiang is 23 times that of Hebei, and the number of private enterprises in Jiangsu is 32 times that of Hebei.

Therefore, in order to have a great economic development in Hebei, there must be a big breakthrough in the development of the private economy, and the provincial leaders have a very sober understanding of this.

In their words, in addition to giving some support to the private economy in terms of funds and projects. What is more important is to give the private economy equal legal status and a level playing field. For political and legal organs, cracking down on violations and crimes does not distinguish between domestic and foreign capital; Regardless of the elements of the protection of legitimate rights and interests, we will never engage in policy discrimination and differential treatment. The legitimate rights and interests of the private economy must be protected with confidence; It is necessary to resolutely correct things that infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the private economy. Of course, if a private enterprise commits an illegal or criminal act, it must also be dealt with in accordance with the law.

In fact, the situation is a bit different. In this part of Hebei, smuggling, making and selling counterfeit goods were also very advocacy in those days, and the underworld forces in some places were quite serious, but after years of exhibition, these people have basically been whitewashed, and some people have even gone ashore and become members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and even people's congress deputies.

However, one thing is very important, that is, the soles of everyone's shoes are covered with mud and water, and it seems that they can't see it when they stand still.

It is for this reason that the pardon of original sins becomes a key to the exchange of benefits.

After the high-level intervened in this matter, Li Jian found out the reason for the issuance of this document, and at the same time found a few that prompted the introduction of this document. The key person, needless to say, as long as he checked it carefully, he immediately turned out a bunch of old accounts, and several people were whitewashed by the underworld. Therefore, for some old cases in the past, and even homicides, they are all like a worm in the throat.

This time, he took the opportunity of concocting Document No. 1 to completely solve his own problem. But I didn't expect this matter to make a big fuss. The media hype and controversy also brought them to the forefront, so the results were unexpected.

On the premise of expressing dissatisfaction with the Hebei side, the high-level officials immediately dispatched an investigation team to examine the matter, and the results were reported by the masses and the official evidence was collected. The crimes of some people were confirmed, and in the end, more than 20 people were arrested, most of whom were responsible for murder. There are no pop-ups