Weapons

Update Time:2010-12-719:00:49 Word Count: 5054

Zhuge Repeater

The crossbow is also called the "nest bow" or "cross bow". A weapon used to shoot arrows in ancient times. It is a bow equipped with arms, which mainly consists of parts such as a crossbow arm, a crossbow bow, a bowstring, and a crossbow machine. Although the crossbow has a much longer reload time than the bow, it has a longer range, stronger lethality, higher hit rate, and lower requirements for the user, making it a powerful long-range killing weapon in ancient times. The range of the strong crossbow is up to 600 meters, and the range of the extra-large bed crossbow is up to 1 km. According to the different methods of opening strings, it can be divided into arm tension crossbows, stepping tension crossbows and waist tension crossbows, etc., as well as repeating crossbows that can count arrows in salvo or continuous fire and bed crossbows equipped with several crossbow bows.

The crossbow is a lethal weapon that is commonly used because it doesn't require much training to operate, and even a new recruit is able to quickly become a master of using a crossbow, and the accuracy is high enough to kill an armored knight who has spent a lifetime training in combat. At some point (especially for knights), the crossbow was considered an illegitimate weapon because it required very little skill to operate. Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) was shot twice by a crossbow arrow and died of his wounds the second time. The death of such a great man at the hands of an ordinary or low-ranking soldier was so appalling to the nobility that in the twelfth century the Pope tried to ban the use of crossbows on the grounds of cruelty.

Chinese? Liu Xi's "Release? Release the soldiers: "Crossbow, anger, anger. Its handle is called an arm, like a human arm. The hook string is said to be toothy, like tooth tooth. Outside the tooth, it is called Guo, and it is the rule of the tooth. The next county knife is also in shape. The words are like the ingenuity of the machine, and the words are like the cardinal of the portal." ——

Several famous crossbows:

1. The big yellow crossbow of the Han Dynasty, the strength of the crossbow in the Han Dynasty is calculated according to the stone, divided into one stone to ten stones, (about 27-30 kilograms of strength is required to fill a stone crossbow), of which the ten stone crossbow is the strongest, and is also known as the yellow shoulder crossbow, the big yellow crossbow. Only very strong people can use it, and in the "Biography of Li Guanglie" in the historical records, there is a record of Li Guang shooting enemy generals with a big yellow crossbow. According to the research and estimation of later generations, its range can reach about 400 meters.

2. Zhuge Repeater: Zhuge Liang made a kind of crossbow during the Three Kingdoms, called the Yuanrong crossbow, which can fire ten arrows at a time, and the firepower is very strong, but the volume and weight are too large for individual soldiers to use, and they are mainly used to defend cities and camps; And compared with the strong crossbow at that time, this kind of repeater crossbow has a shorter range and lower lethality, and is generally used in conjunction with the crossbow in battle. Later, the great inventor Ma Jun improved it and changed it to a five-arrow crossbow, which greatly reduced its size and weight and became a single weapon, but because the production was very complicated, the arrows used must also be specially made, so it was not produced in large quantities and was lost.

3. The divine arm crossbow, invented by Shenzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, has a bow body length of three feet three, a string length of two feet five, and a range of more than 340 steps; It is powerful, and the arrow can enter the elm half-rod. It is claimed to be more powerful than rhubarb in the Han Dynasty, and other instruments cannot match it, becoming one of the standard weapons of the crossbowmen of the Song army.

Fourth, the bean + inch crossbow, this is a powerful repeater, is a kind of three-bow bed crossbow in the Song Dynasty. It can fire more than ten arrows at a time (ancient rocket artillery?). Shoot to a thousand paces. It takes more than 75 to 100 people to twist the strings to open the strings, borrowing the power of machinery, and it is a very powerful weapon.

Fifth, the crossbow car, there was a crossbow car during the Warring States period, the crossbow belongs to a kind of ballista, placed on the car, can advance or retreat. The car drives a 12-stone crossbow, each crossbow has seven arrows, the middle arrow is slightly larger than the main arrow, and the three arrows on each side are slightly smaller, and can shoot 700 steps, and the wall in the middle is destroyed by the city, and it is unstoppable. It can probably be regarded as an ancient rocket artillery -

The structure of the crossbow can be divided into three parts: the arm, the bow, and the machine. The "arm" is generally wooden; The "bow" is across the front of the arm; The "machine" is installed in the place behind the arm deviation. The most important part of the crossbow is the "machine", the crossbow machine is generally made of copper, installed in the crossbow "Guo" (box-shaped), in front of which is the "tooth" (hook) used to hang the string, and the "tooth" is connected with the "lookout mountain" (for aiming at the crosshair); The "Wangshan" of the crossbow in the Western Han Dynasty was engraved with a scale, which is equivalent to a ruler on modern firearms, which is convenient for adjusting the angle of the crossbow according to the target distance and improving the hit rate of shooting. Underneath the copper guoku there is a "hanging knife" (i.e. trigger), which is used to fire arrows. When the crossbow is launched, the string is first opened, it is held on the "tooth" of the crossbow machine, the arrow is loaded in the arrow groove on the "arm", and after aiming through the guò "Wangshan", the "hanging knife" is pulled to shrink the "tooth", the string is unhooked, and the kinetic energy formed by the rapid rebound of the open bowstring is used to shoot the arrow at high speed.

The crossbow is generally made of multi-layer bamboo and wood chips, which is similar to a flat shoulder, so it is commonly known as "crossbow bear". It has a cross-bow hole in the front to hold the bow in place so that the bow does not move from side to side, and a grooved arrow channel on the front of the wooden arm for placing clusters of arrows, so that the fired arrows can move in a straight line. There is a box at the back of the wooden arm, called a crossbow machine; There is a hook hanging string in front of the box, and a sight is installed on the back of the hook, which is called "Wangshan"; The underside of the box was equipped with a "hanging knife" (trigger). When firing, first place the arrow on the arrow path, pull the bowstring back, hang it on the hook, aim at the target, and pull the trigger to shoot the arrow.

The bow on the crossbow is horizontal, and crossbow arrows are fired by pulling the trigger and letting go of the taut bowstring. To re-tighten the bowstring, place the tip of the crossbow on the ground and step on it with your foot, and then pull the bowstring back with both hands or with the aid of the crank. Square arrows or crossbow arrows fired from crossbows have a shorter range than ordinary arrows. The square arrow can be kept steady in flight and has a sharp metal arrow.

Crossbowmen usually carry a large shield to protect themselves from the crossbow, which is very tall and has wooden supports. A team of crossbowmen can create a shield wall with their shields, allowing them to lean down behind the shield and tighten the crossbow string, so that only the crossbow and helmet will reveal the shield wall when firing. If they encounter a more powerful longbowman in an open area, they will usually be forced to retreat.

Ancient China was equipped with a string mechanism (crossbow arm and crossbow machine), a bow that could be fired with a delay. When used by the archer, the string loading arrow and the longitudinal string launch are divided into two separate actions, and there is no need to aim while stretching the string forcefully, which significantly improves the hit rate compared to the bow; It can also use other power other than arm strength (such as pedaling) to stretch the string, and can achieve a longer range than the bow (Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the restoration of the Warring States crossbow).

The key component of the crossbow is the crossbow machine, and its structure can be seen from the numerous copper crossbow machines excavated: the mechanism in the copper of the crossbow machine is the hope mountain (sight), the suspension knife (trigger), the hook core, and two keys that combine the parts into a whole. When Zhang Xian loads the arrow, the hand pulls the Wangshan, the teeth rise, the hook heart is brought up, and its lower teeth are stuck in the cutting of the hanging knife, so that the bowstring can be buckled with the teeth, and the arrow is placed in the arrow groove above the crossbow arm, so that the arrow is on the string between the two teeth, and the hanging knife is pulled back by aiming at the target through the Guò Wangshan, the teeth are retracted, and the arrow is shot out with the rebound of the string——

The development of the crossbow

The crossbow is also a bow, according to legend, it is made by the Yellow Emperor, also known as the nest bow, its arrow does not rely on manpower, and uses the machine to include, the force is strong and far, more than the bow is fierce, the hunter always sets up a bush of recklessness, so that the tiger and leopard mistakenly practice its opportunity and hit the arrow, which can be seen in the strength of its strength also. But the form of the crossbow, and the bow is slightly different, in the bow back, a horizontal arm, the machine of the arrow, that is, placed in is, when the first string in the machine, here the name of the crossbow teeth, and then the crossbow nose, the teeth and here this wood, but the direction is different, this is the next, this is the above, like the machine of the mousetrap, so a crossbow nose, teeth and here this book, the teeth are off the string, and the string is out of the string. The size of the crossbow is different, and the name is also different, the small one climbs with the hand, and the large one must be stepped on with the foot, and the strength of the cover is enough to be competent. Its names include the god arm crossbow, the flower crossbow, the stirrup crossbow, etc., which are probably different names for their different usages. As for the crossbow making, it is still the same, probably these names are all from the Tang and Song dynasties, and they are not the names set in ancient times. The function of the crossbow is greater than that of the bow and arrow, and the use of firearms has led to a sharp decline in the position of the bow and crossbow. However, there are many mountains and forests in the north, and poisonous snakes and beasts sometimes come out to harm the people, and the mountain dwellers still set up nests and bows to defend themselves. Orions hunt beasts for a living, in addition to the fire, but also borrow the nest bow to set up ambushes, once the fire fails, there are also crossbows to kill beasts. Therefore, although crossbow arrows are not used in war, people outside the mountain and Shaanxi passes, especially those who practice this, make a living in self-defense, and the way of both benefits is also; As for the people in the south, who are weak and weak, although they pay a little attention to martial arts today, there is no one who can recover their abilities in this way.

The appearance of the crossbow should be no later than the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the crossbow became a common weapon in use in the Spring and Autumn period. The Art of War. Warfare" has listed crossbows and shields as important combat materials. In the Warring States Period, the crossbow was widely used in the military, and also from the early Warring States period of the crossbow (that is, the crossbow opened with arm strength), "Sun Bin Art of War" said that this kind of crossbow "is issued between the shoulders, killing people a hundred steps away"; The development of the late Warring States period appeared in the Zhang crossbow: such as Han Wei's twelve-stone crossbow (shooting 600 steps), etc., these crossbows must use stronger force to open, so the "crossbow machine" is required to be stronger, and the "Tong Guo" strengthened machine began to be installed in addition to the "crossbow machine". During this period, the crossbow was more commonly used in warfare, for example, the elite soldiers in Korea were called "wearing strong armor and holding the strength of the governor" (a name for the crossbow); Wei Xuanwu, one of the requirements of the assessment is to be able to hold a twelve-stone crossbow.

The earliest relatively complete crossbow that has been discovered so far is a crossbow from the middle of the Warring States period unearthed on Zhongzhou Road in Luoyang City, Henan Province. This crossbow is made of copper, with a copper crossbow heel at the end of the wooden crossbow arm and a snake-headed copper bow bearer with the wrong silver at the front. According to the archaeological excavations unearthed with bone and mussel made of zuò primitive hanging knife and the shape of the wooden crossbow used by the Oroqen, Naxi, Miao and other ethnic minorities before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, it is speculated that the original crossbow should be far more simple than this crossbow, so the crossbow should have a long development process before the Warring States period. There are also some circumstantial evidence for this in ancient documents, such as the Book of Rites? The "Tie Yi Chapter" quotes "Taijia" as saying: "If Yu Ji Zhang, it will be released if it is included in the province." "Han Feizi? The "Lin Chapter" said: "Yi holds the rod and shuts down the bow." The "machine" mentioned in both places should be interpreted as a crossbow machine. The dates of the recorded events are all before the Shang and Zhou dynasties, indicating that the time of the invention of primitive wooden crossbows in China should be no later than the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the use of crossbows began to be emphasized in actual combat, and the role of "arrow crossbows" has been mentioned in the Art of War. By the time of the Warring States Period, among the formations described in the "Art of War" by Sun Bin, there was a kind called "strong crossbow tending to be launched", indicating that the position of crossbows in actual combat was more important. In 341 B.C., in the famous Battle of Maling, Sun Bin defeated Pang Juan's large army with a surprise offensive of "ten thousand crossbows". The crossbows used at that time were open-arm crossbows, which were smaller than ordinary bows and correspondingly shorter crossbows. In "The Art of War", it is said that this kind of crossbow "is issued between the shoulders and kills people a hundred steps away", and the range is not very far. By the late Warring States period, there was a better performance of the crossbow with the foot on the string. Such as "Warring States Policy? Han Ce said that South Korea's military soldiers are "wearing strong armor and □ strong crossbows". These crossbows were equipped with a stout bow that required considerable force to open the strings, thus requiring a stronger crossbow machine. The crossbow machine in the middle of the Warring States period, although the hanging knife, hook, tooth, etc. have been made of copper, but there is no copper Guo, and the crossbow machine is directly mounted on the wooden crossbow arm, which cannot withstand too much tension. In the late Warring States period, the crossbow machine was equipped with copper and strengthened the machine groove, and this part was produced to meet the needs of tension. There is no scale in the Wangshan of the Warring States crossbow machine, and the Wangshan with a scale appeared in the Western Han Dynasty (see the color picture of the Western Han Dynasty bronze crossbow machine (unearthed from the tomb of Liu Sheng in Mancheng, Hebei)), its role is similar to the ruler on the modern rifle, and the shooter is based on the distance of the target, and the height of the end of the Wangshan is controlled through guò Wangshan, and the appropriate firing angle is found out in order to accurately hit the target.

In the Western Han Dynasty, because of the long-term war with the Xiongnu in the north, as a sharp weapon for the Han infantry against the Xiongnu cavalry, the crossbow was further developed. Scales for rangefinder aiming began to appear on the "Lookout Mountain", which increased the hit rate of the crossbow. And there began to be a record of the repeater: "Because of the crossbow shooting, the single is gone" (Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 21). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there began to be a waist crossbow (later made a waist crossbow), which is the strongest crossbow that a single person can open, "the weak use the kick, the strong still use the waist Zhang" ("Wu Bei Zhi"), and in the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge made the famous "Yuan Rong crossbow", the history contains this kind of crossbow, "with iron as the arrow, the arrow is eight inches long, a crossbow and ten arrows are fired" ("Wei's Spring and Autumn Period"), and the foot of the foot of the crossbow is used in conjunction with the crossbow, has a strong lethality. Later, the great inventor Ma Jun improved it and made it a more practical weapon with a crossbow and five arrows that could be used by a single person.

The figure of the waist crossbow is seen in the portrait stone of the Wu Clan Ancestral Hall in Jining, Shandong Province. The Book of Jin? The Biography of Ma Long said that the strength of the waist crossbow used by the warriors at that time was 36 jun (about nine stones). The Ming Dynasty's "Wubei Zhi" called it a waist open crossbow, "the weak use the kick, and the strong still use the waist to open". It can be seen that it is the crossbow with the highest ejection power used by a single person.

The repeating crossbow equipped with a repeating fire mechanism was first seen in the Eastern Han Dynasty Bangu's "Book of Han? Li Ling's Biography": "Sending a crossbow shot Shan Yu." During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang's restructured crossbow was equipped with a large number of Shu troops, "one crossbow and ten arrows" (Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty wrote "Three Kingdoms? The Biography of Zhuge Liang is very powerful.

The strength of the Han Dynasty crossbow was calculated in "stone". A crossbow full of one stone with a bow draws as much force as it takes to lift a stone (about 30 kg) of weight. According to Han Jian and ancient documents, the Han crossbow is divided into one, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ten stones. The strength of the Han crossbow must be strictly checked, and there have been records of testing the strength of the damaged crossbow in the Juyan Han Jian, among which the ten-stone crossbow is also known as the rhubarb crossbow, the yellow shoulder crossbow or the rhubarb crossbow, which has the greatest strength. According to the estimation of a kind of "partial crossbow" in the Song Dynasty recorded in "Mengxi Bi Tan", the range of the strong crossbow of the Han Dynasty can reach about 400 meters. When the famous Han general Li Guang fought against the Xiongnu in 121 BC, he turned the tide of the war by shooting the opposing generals with a large yellow crossbow in the face of the disparity in numbers. The Han Dynasty also formed an infantry corps "material officer" dominated by crossbowmen, and some of its commanders were called "strong crossbow generals".

Because the firing of crossbows is time-consuming, and it is inconvenient for crossbow-wielding soldiers to use other weapons at the same time, crossbowmen are often organized into groups such as "upper crossbows", "advanced crossbows", and "hair crossbows" under the cover of other soldiers, and fire continuously in turn. In the "Guarding the Stopper", it can exert its power even more. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when the cavalry galloped on a large scale, the strong crossbow was inconvenient to use on horseback, so it gradually declined. After the Ming Dynasty, due to the rapid development of firearms, crossbows were no longer valued. In "Heavenly Creation", it is even believed that the crossbow is "a weapon for guarding the camp, which is not conducive to marching in battle".

In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the cavalry dominated the battlefield, and the crossbow was not convenient for the cavalry to use on the horse, and at that time, the use of heavy armored cavalry was emphasized, so it was further developed to the bed crossbow with strong power, long range, and the use of mechanical power. By the time of the Song Dynasty, in order to fight against the cavalry of the northern nomads, the Song army used a large number of crossbowmen to fight, and the crossbow became the main weapon of the infantry of the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition to the divine arm crossbow used by individual soldiers, the Song army focused on the manufacture of bed crossbows, such as: two-bow bed crossbow, three-bow eight-ox bed crossbow, bean + inch crossbow, etc.

In the Ming Dynasty, some people changed it to the Zhuge crossbow, but in fact, this kind of crossbow had a very short range and low power, and was never actually used on the battlefield. With the use of firearms, the crossbow gradually declined. During the period from China to the Qing Dynasty, the military no longer used crossbows as combat weapons.

Although the ancient Chinese began to use crossbows, Europe in 900 AD seems to have created their own crossbows. It has a decent range and is more powerful than a bow, but it takes a lot of time to prepare, with an average of two shots per crossbowman in a minute.

Traditional weapons and equipment can also play an irreplaceable role in modern counter-terrorism. The anti-terrorist team members were already standing in front of the human target positions with powerful crossbows, and at the sound of an order, the balloons representing the head and heart at each target position were immediately shattered. It is understood that the powerful crossbow used by the anti-terrorist commandos can penetrate 15 centimeters thick trees, and is mainly used for covert assault operations and hostage rescue, and is an effective offensive weapon for special combat personnel

Sword: The sword was produced in the Shang Dynasty and has a history of more than 3,000 years, especially in the history of the Warring States and Qin and Han wars, the sword is an important weapon for infantry cavalry. After the Three Kingdoms, the sword withdrew from actual combat, and gradually evolved from a technical weapon to a device for people to strengthen their bodies. People continue to summarize and study, the creation of the art of sword movement, swordsmanship has slowly formed many portal factions, each has its own strengths, colorful, routines have Taiji sword, Wudang sword, drunken sword, Kunlun sword, seven-star sword, Emei sword, sparring sword and so on. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the sword was listed as a martial arts competition. The length of the sword used in modern martial arts is stipulated as the athlete holding the sword with a straight arm with his backhand, and the tip of the sword reaching the earlobe. The sword does not cut the edge. The parts of the sword include: the body, the tip, the edge, the end, the spine, the blade, the grid, the hilt, the head, the scabbard and the spike. Seven Star Sword, an ancient famous sword. The near handle of the sword body is decorated with the Big Dipper Seven Star Text, hence the name. The meridian mandarin duck sword is three feet long, the sword body is flattened, the lower part is one and a half inches wide, the upper part is eight inches wide, the two sides of the sword body are pointed swords inclined upward, the muddy body is like a saw blade, the tip of the two swords is different in form, one is a semicircular ring, such as a crescent moon, and the crescent tip is outward; Although the other is also crescent-shaped, there is a protruding spear-shaped spear head in the middle of it, the sword handle is flattened, the cloth belt is tied on it, there is a disc iron handguard on the sword handle, there is a crescent-shaped handguard knife on one side of the sword handle, which is thin and sharp, and there is a double-edged spear at the end of the sword handle, and this weapon has blades on all sides, which is very sharp. Longquan Sword is a famous sword in ancient times, also known as "Longyuan Sword". From Xiping County, Henan. It is named after the local dragon spring water quenching sword. The body of the Yilong sword has a dragon-shaped pattern, hence the name. There is no sword spike, and the main striking methods of its swordsmanship routines are splitting, stabbing, piercing, teasing, pointing, collapsing, hitting, intercepting, wiping, etc.

Double sword: one of the two weapons, the two swords are combined like a sword, the sword grid (handguard plate) of the two swords is half each, and the opposite side is a plane, so that the two swords are combined into one. The difference between the sword body and the single sword is that the single sword has ridges on both sides, while the double sword only has a ridge on one side, and the opposite side is flat, and the two sword handles are each equipped with a single sword spike. Two swords in one sheath. Shaolin mandarin duck sword, one of the Shaolin double weapons. The total length is three feet, which is used by Shaolin monks and apprentices for martial arts and self-defense. One of the dragon and phoenix twin swords and dual weapons. Zhejiang Longquan out of this sword, on the side of the two swords with ridges are equipped with dragon (for the right hand to make the sword), phoenix (for the left hand to make the sword) pattern. The heads of the two hilts are each equipped with a double sword and a single spike, and the two swords are put into the same sheath. Male and female swords, ancient swords of double soldiers. The dance practice technique is the same as that of other double swords. But the materials used to make this sword are very high-quality. The female sword is the left hand, and the male sword is the right hand. One of the ancient strange double soldiers of the dust sword, it was a weapon made by Taoists. Consists of a whisk and a single sword.

Soft sword: There are many types of soft instruments, some of which are gradually difficult for the world to see due to historical changes. Chain sword is a kind of soft weapon in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Use a long iron chain to connect the two short swords, and when used, they can echo each other. A type of soft sword weapon consisting of a short sword connected to an iron chain. The sword is 3 feet long, pointed, and has blades on both sides. The length of the chain is 4 feet, and the end of the chain is tied with a small hammer and colored silk for whipping.

Gun: A weapon with a sharp tip on a long handle. The history of guns can be traced back to primitive societies. The primitive spear simply sharpened the head of a wooden stick. In the Han Dynasty, spears were similar in shape to spears, mostly using long wooden poles or bamboo poles as rods, equipped with sharp spear heads, and equipped with gun tassels. Spears for different purposes vary in length. The guns used for chariot and cavalry battles are longer, the guns used for foot combat are shorter, the guns used to defend the city and the fortress are longer, and the guns used for attack are shorter. The long spear can reach more than eight meters, and the short gun can be as much as one point and three meters. The length of the gun used in the marksmanship competition routine in modern martial arts should not be shorter than the length from the foot to the tip of the gun when the person is raised upright with an upright arm. There are many types of guns. With the Song and Ming dynasties as the most prosperous, the creation of a wide variety of styles and different uses of guns, widely used in infantry and cavalry. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, spearmanship was listed as an official martial arts competition. A gun consists of a gun head, a gun tassel, a gun barrel, and a gun sickle.

Gun tip: Also known as the tip of the gun. The head of the gun is made of steel or iron, and in ancient times it was made of copper. The spear head used in modern martial arts is a single diamond-shaped shape with a high ridge and a thin tip.

Barrel: The component of a gun. The barrel of the gun is mostly made of wood, the alder wood is the best, the wood is soft and light, and the ash rod is even more secondary. The rear end of the gun should be thick to the ground, the thinner the more towards the gun head, and the gun should be straight but not curved, thin but not soft. Gun tassel: An ornament under the gun head. The gun tassel is made of rhinoceros tail, yak tail, horse tail, etc., and is often made of yarn and silk, and is mostly red. Its purpose is that the shaking of the gun during the fight can confuse the opponent and block blood. In normal times, it can be used to strengthen the momentum. The spear is a weapon of the Ming Dynasty, the head of the gun is three inches and three minutes long, weighs one or two or three coins, and the barrel is in the shape of a gun. The ancient spear gun was an iron weapon of the Ming Dynasty, with a head seven inches long and four taels in weight. Its square edges are as flat as buckwheat, and the front is sharp, which is used to penetrate the thorns. The Ewha spear is a combination of a spear and a firearm. Use a normal spear without a tassel, tie a flame-canister to the original gun, light it at the same time, and burn it with gunpowder to kill and injure the enemy. The medicine is exhausted and can be stabbed with a spear. The medicine that erupts from the medicine cartridge is named after the pear blossoms falling. Yang Miaozhen, the wife of Li Quan in the Song Dynasty, created this gun routine, and the world called her "20 years of pear flower gun, invincible in the world". The hook and sickle gun was seven feet two inches long, of which the head of the spear was eight inches. The tip of the gun is sharp, and its lower part has a sideways protruding barb, and the hook tip is curved inward. The barrel of the spear was six feet long, four inches in diameter, made of wood, and had an iron hammer at the end of the shaft, which was four inches long. The Jiuqu gun is one zhang long, the head of the gun is like a snake, the tip is sharp, the two sides are thin, and the whole head is more than a foot long. The main weapon of horse warfare in the Ming Dynasty. The main usages are: blocking, taking, piercing, stabbing, riding, wrapping, ringing, fluttering, pointing, dialing, dancing flowers, etc. The head of the Taining pen gun is sharp, and a small iron plate is contained a few inches below the blade of the gun head, and there is a blade on it. Because the tip of the gun is like a pen, it gets this name. The barrel of the flower gun is five feet long, the fusiform gun head, the red tassel under the gun head, and the gun barrel is thick and does not attack the handle. Because the barrel of the gun is thinner, the head of the gun trembles non-stop when shaking, making it difficult for people to grasp the tip of the gun, making people dazzled, so it gets this name. Yanling spear Qing Dynasty weapon. The whole body is seven feet two inches long, of which the head of the gun is eight inches, the barrel of the gun is six feet long, about three inches thick, and it is made of hardwood. The head of the spear is made of iron, and its style is similar to that of a double-hook sickle. However, the tip of the gun is in the shape of a flat shuttle. There is an iron hammer at the end of the pole, and it is four inches long.

Twin Guns: This introduces the merger of Twin Guns and Twin Sticks into a Long Twin Weapon. The length of the two sticks is the same, generally about the same height as the stick-holder, so that the double stick is much more difficult than the single stick, the two sticks are evenly adjusted at the beginning of practice, easy to collide with each other, and can be mastered after a long practice. If the left hand is in front, the right hand must be behind, and the upper left is lower right, so that the two sticks will not touch. The material of the double stick is the same as that of the single stick, and the wood wax rod is the main one, but the proportion of the thickness of the stick and the stick cannot be too different. The single-headed double-gun uses an ash rod as the barrel, a steel fusiform pipette head, and a red tassel is tied at the junction of the gun head and the gun barrel. The length of a single gun is equal to the height of one person and one hand of the person who made the gun. The twin guns are slightly shorter. The double-headed double gun is equipped with tips at both ends of the ash rod, and the two guns have a total of four heads, all of which are equipped with red and hard. The length of the twin guns is the same as that of the single head double guns.

Spear: An ancient long weapon, a hunting tool that originated in primitive societies. During the Qin and Han dynasties and the Three Kingdoms, spears were mainly used for horse warfare. By the time of the two Jin and Northern Dynasties, the spear began to transition and evolve to the aspect of the gun. The snake spear is made of iron and consists of three parts: the spear head, the spear handle, and the spear hammer. The spearhead is more than two feet long, flattened, curved like a snake, and has blades on both sides, so it is called a snake spear. The spearhead is seven or eight inches long, shaped like a spear head, and has a prismatic shape. It is connected with the handle, and the spear handle can also be made of hard wood, thick as a handle, and more than six feet long. The spear is an ornament of the handle, and there are also bronze ones, which are cone-pointed, so that the spear can be inserted into the ground without falling. Zhangba snake spear spear curved like a snake, one zhang eight feet long, hence the name.

Zhen: Ancient long weapons. It is a straight and long strike weapon. It is made of bamboo and wood. It is about one zhang and two feet long, and the two ends are made of copper and iron hoops. The top of the head has cylindrical, angular shapes, etc. With the disappearance of car warfare, the actual combat value and offensive role of the gun were weakened, and then the gun gradually evolved into a technical weapon of sticks and sticks. Shaolin is one zhang and two feet long, octagonal and made a pestle, about five feet, there are more than 100 iron thorns at both ends, and there are iron teeth next to it.

Stick: A long weapon for martial arts. There are two types of sticks: wooden and metal. Wooden sticks include eyebrow sticks, three-section sticks, two-section sticks, etc. Sticks made of metal include iron-headed sticks, muddy iron sticks, muddy copper sticks, etc. There are also iron toothed hook sticks, such as claw sticks, maces, hook sticks, etc. The stick was one of the most commonly used weapons by primitive humans. All dynasties and generations, whether they are military martial arts or folk martial arts, have attached great importance to sticks. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, sticks were listed as one of the martial arts competitions. It is mostly made of ash rods. According to the "Rules of Martial Arts Competition", the length of the stick shall not be lower than the height of the person. Therefore, there is a saying that "the stick is full of chest, and the stick is full of eyebrows". The part of the stick can be divided into three parts: the body of the stick, the root of the stick, and the tip of the stick. The head of the stick is the top of the thinner end of the stick. The root of the stick is the bottom of the thicker end of the stick, and the tip of the stick is the thinner end of the stick. The characteristics of stick art are bravery, speed, and change. There are many genres, and in the Ming Dynasty alone, there are more than a dozen famous stick techniques such as Shaolin sticks and Zhangjia sticks. A type of Shaolin stick. It is made of wood, eight feet to eight feet five inches long, and the whole body is generally thick. According to legend, it was used by the warrior monks of Shaolin Temple in the Ming Dynasty to practice martial arts. A type of eyebrow stick. It is often made of ash rods, thick and strong, and the stick is vertical and the height of the human eyebrows, so it gets this name. The flower stick is named because of the pattern engraved on the body of the stick. The usage of the flower stick mainly includes splitting, collapsing, picking, sweeping, winding, winding, twisting, cloud, blocking, pointing, dialing, picking, teasing, hanging, poking, etc. The sticks are wooden. In the middle of the stick body, there is a protruding horizontal crutch, about seven or eight inches long, hence the name. Its main striking methods include splitting, blocking, picking, hanging, poking, pointing, dialing, teasing, twisting, etc. The beaded stick consists of a long stick and two short sticks. Each rod has an iron hoop at each end, and the hoop has an iron ring attached to each other. When using both hands, wave the long stick, and drive the two short sticks at the same time. Its main usages include splitting, blocking, hanging, throwing, twisting, winding, pointing, dialing, etc. Water and fire sticks were used by errand officers in ancient times. Shaped like a short stick. Half of the stick is painted red, and half is black. Red is the color of fire, and black is the color of water, hence the name. A type of long-pinned stick. It is made of two wooden sticks of different lengths connected by iron rings. The length of the short stick is half of the length of the long stick, and when practicing, hold the end of the long stick with one hand, and use the long stick to drive the short stick when dancing. The striking methods of the stick include splitting, sweeping, hanging, throwing, etc., and you can also hold the stick in both hands. Two ends of the stick a long stick, two ends of each a short stick, with three iron rings and the long stick connected, the middle of the three rings on both sides of the ring can also add two rings for the ring, equipped with a sound, dancing head and tail to look at each other. The beaded double stick consists of a long stick and two short sticks connected to each other. Three iron rings are connected between the sticks.

Stick soft equipment: The legend of the two-section stick was created by Zhao Kuangyin, Taizu of the Song Dynasty. It was originally called the big pan dragon stick and the small pan dragon stick, but the big pan dragon stick at that time was shorter at one end and longer at the other end, and later evolved into the current appearance, that is, the total length is about three feet, and the stick body saves one foot each, which is the same thickness as the ordinary common three-section stick, and there is an iron chain in the middle to connect, and there is also about a foot long. The two-section stick is short and concise, can be folded, and is an important weapon for self-defense against the enemy. It's powerful. It can be long or short, and can be used stacked on top of each other in the hand or with either end. Moves: Chipping, pumping, bounce, sweeping, wrapping, pulling, looping, lifting, knocking, hitting, etc., and you can also strangle the enemy's weapons. The two-section stick is easy to carry and flexible to use, and it is the most important equipment for young martial arts enthusiasts to learn. The three-section stick is a weapon made of three short and medium-length rods connected with an iron ring, also known as the "three-section whip". The full length of the three-section stick is equal to the height of the practitioner's fingers raised on the upright and straight arms. The diameter of the iron ring is about one inch, and the end of the stick at the joint between the short sticks is half of the ring. The quality of the stick is superior to the ash rod. When practicing the three-section stick, you can hold the middle section with two end joints, or you can hold two end joints with both hands, and use two short and middle sections. or one in one hand and the middle in the other; With free knots. It is also possible to hold only one segment and use the free middle and branch segments. The stick is a weapon made of two wooden sticks, one long and one short, with iron rings strung together. According to the length of the stick, it is divided into three types: "large stick", "small stick", and "two-ended stick". The small stick is called "hand stick", which is shortened from the large stick stick. The tip is about a foot long, and the body of the stick is about two feet long. Later, the two sections of the same length of the "two-section stick" were similar to the "hand tip", which could be practiced with a single stick or with one stick in each hand. If the two pins are used together, the power is infinite, and it is an important soft weapon for self-defense against the enemy. One of the Shaolin hand tips and one of the Shaolin long soft double weapons. The length is two feet, the tip is eight inches long, and the three rings are set together, and the two are used together. The iron chain clamp rod resembles a two-section iron whip such as a large stick and a whip, and is connected by a long rod with an iron chain and a small rod head, but the chain connected here is much longer than the ring connected by the big stick.

Stick: The same species of stick. The rod is about five feet long and is made of tough ash wood. The thickness of the two ends of the rod body is different, one end is thick and can be handled, and this end is the handshake. The thinner it is up, and the top is eight inches thicker. There are many kinds of sticks, and there are seven kinds of hook sticks, grab sticks, maces, pestle sticks, rods, big sticks, and chain sticks in the "Wujing" alone. The length of the two sticks is one zhang and two feet, and the thickness can be filled. Stick art is characterized by a large range of motion and a strong sense of attack and defense. The main usages are: out, returning, rising, falling, swallowing, spitting, sinking, floating, etc. The requirements are connected and completed in one go. The rod is about six feet long, thick and thick, and is made of ash or toughened wood. It was prevalent in the Yuan and Song dynasties. The pestle is five feet long, and the tip is one inch and two minutes long. The two ends of the stick head are each one foot five inches long, the upper end is planted with 48 small thorns, the lower end is planted with 50 small thorns, the small thorns are five minutes long, like a wolf's tooth. The pestle has the use of stabbing, spearing, splitting, poking, teasing, sawing, sweeping and so on. The mace is about six feet long. The head of the stick is an egg-shaped log, and many iron nails are planted on it, which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, hence the name. The mace is heavy and clumsy, and is generally used in horseback fighting. It was prevalent in the military of the Song Dynasty. The iron chain rod is also known as the "tip stick" and "nunchaku stick". It is made by connecting two wooden sticks of different lengths. The long stick is about four feet, and the short stick is one foot and five inches. Each section of the long and short sticks has an iron hoop with a ring on the hoop. The two sticks are connected by a ruler-long iron chain. When using, hold the long stick with both hands and hold the short stick. The chain rod is flexible and can be long or short. The main usages are splitting, sweeping, hanging, throwing, etc. The golden hoop rod is also a type of stick. The stick is about eight feet long, and the tip and root of the stick are covered with iron hoops or copper hoops with a length of more than one foot. The main striking methods of the golden hoop stick are splitting, collapsing, picking, sweeping, winding, winding, twisting, pointing, dialing, cloud, blocking, picking, teasing, hanging, poking, etc. (In addition, in the myth of "Journey to the West", the Monkey King made the "golden hoop stick", which is mainly used to subdue demons and eliminate monsters, which is not based on mythology).

Shovel: One of the martial arts instruments. It is a long weapon with a thin body and a wide blade. The shovel evolved from a production tool to become a weapon of ancient warfare and a martial art instrument. The shovel was also a weapon used by the ancient people and monks to accompany them. The shovel head is generally made of iron, but the rod is made of wood or iron. The shovel is six or seven feet long. Among them, the head is one foot and two inches long, flat and meniscus-shaped, the crescent moon is facing upward, it is thin and sharp, and it is gradually rich backwards, and there is a set of cylinders connected with the handle at the bottom. The tail of the shovel handle is equipped with a drill, which can be used as a puncture point. Some shovel heads, the bottom two corners of each chisel a hole, on the set of thick iron rings, dancing sound, in order to increase the power. The main striking methods include pushing, pressing, shooting, supporting, rolling, shoveling, intercepting, picking, plucking, splitting, rushing, shaking, etc. The crescent shovel gets its name from the fact that the shovel head resembles a crescent moon. The Admiralty shovel head is shaped like a bell, with the blade facing upwards. The handle is six feet long. The sun and the moon are convenient for shoveling Zen sticks, and Buddhist monks hold it more. It is about five feet long and is made of iron. There are knives at both ends. One end is crescent-shaped, with four small holes in the monthly examination place, which are pierced by four iron rings, and the other end is shaped like an upside-down seed, about 7 inches long. A hole is chiseled on both sides of the tail end, and an iron ring is pierced, and the handle is more than an inch thick. The staff can be used at both ends. Lu Zhishen, a good man of Liangshan in the Song Dynasty's "Water Margin", is good at this weapon. Axe: A type of ancient weapon. Axes have different names because of their different styles and uses. However, the general style is basically similar, with a fan-shaped blade on one side and a rectangular shape on the other, and a wooden handle on the bottom. The usage of the axe includes: picking, blocking, latticing, chopping, wiping, stabbing, etc. As one of the instruments of martial arts, the modern axe is relatively cumbersome to practice, and some routines have been lost, so it is rare to use the axe. I1387