New York is the largest metropolis and port in the United States, but it has a short history. In 1524, the Italian Vrazano came to the southernmost Indian settlement in the Manhattan Bayou area. Decades later, the Englishman Hudson went up the river to explore, and his name became the name of the river.

In 1626, the Dutch, who had experience in maritime trade and were adventurous and greedy, bought Manhattan Island from the Indians for a novelty item worth 60 guilders and turned it into a trading post. The Dutch called Manhattan "New Amsterdam". In 1664, the Duke of York, the younger brother of King Charles II of England, occupied the area and named it New York, which means New Yorkshire. In 1686, New York was officially established. By the time of the Revolutionary War, George. Washington's headquarters is located in New York, where he became president of the United States. By the middle of the 19th century, New York had become the largest port city in the United States, and the center of American finance, trade, manufacturing, culture, art, and tourism.

At this time, New York was an international metropolis.

"Harrow?"

"Hello!"

"Goode Catning?"

"Goode Cat Ning!"

In the blink of an eye, it has been more than two months since Chen Guan arrived in New York, and he is completely immersed in the English context.

On February 27, the ninth day of the first lunar month, Chen Guan met with the students of the study class in the United States at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, and then took a flight to the United States.

Although it is a cultural exchange program of Sino-US cooperation, and the students are all working cadres, NYU has the same rules, the school has no cafeteria, no student dormitory, and the problem of food and accommodation has to be solved by itself.

The Central Plains Provincial Cadres Study Class in the United States is under unified management, with a total of 30 trainees renting a house near the school, and each student has a house. Meals are divided into several groups, breakfast and lunch are taken care of, Western food is eaten on the street, and dinner is based on the place of residence, and the meal is cooked together.

These students are all leading cadres in China, except for Chen Guan, everyone else is middle-aged people with wives and children, and it is really a bit of a novelty to live this independent study abroad life at first glance, and a little bit of a feeling of returning to the student days.

Unfortunately, when Chen Guan and the others arrived in the United States, it was a time of crisis in the Taiwan Strait. The two major US aircraft carrier battle groups have assembled in the waters of the Taiwan Strait, our submarines have come out to supervise, fighter planes have gathered, and the sharp sword of the Second Artillery Corps has been raised high, and the two sides are on the verge of breaking out. In this situation, this short-term study class in the Central Plains Province to the United States has received special attention from the relevant security departments of the United States, not to mention the repeated inspections of the customs when entering the United States, and after entering the school, the classes have not been able to start smoothly, everyone's information has been strictly scrutinized, and there are often police officers and some strangers hanging near their residences.

In this case, it is difficult for the students to settle down, and most of them spend their time in anxiety.

The squad leader of the study class is called Zhang Zhiguo, a deputy department-level inspector of the General Office of the Central Plains Provincial Party Committee.

Zhang Zhiguo also graduated from Zhongyuan University in the seventh and seventh grades, and was a classmate of Shen Quan, secretary of the Shuiquan Municipal Party Committee. It's just that Shen Quan has been the secretary of the county party committee, and now he is the secretary of the Shuiquan Municipal Party Committee, and he has rich grassroots work experience, while Zhang Zhiguo has been working in the provincial party committee, and he lacks the majesty brought by grassroots training.

Because of the crisis in the Taiwan Strait, squad leader Zhang Zhiguo and several cadres of the party branch talked with the students separately, and organized a party group meeting every night to encourage everyone to face the situation calmly and strengthen their ideals and beliefs.

Zhang Zhiguo also made the worst plan, requiring every student to secretly swear: never to betray the country and never betray the party!

Chen Guan is young and is a typical little brother in the class. Zhang Zhiguo was afraid that Chen Guan would face a heavy psychological burden in the face of complex shapes, so he specialized in Chen Guan's work, told Chen Guan the stories of famous heroes and martyrs in the history of the party, and encouraged Chen Guan to stand firm.

Chen Guan expected that the crisis in the Taiwan Strait would be resolved, so he was very calm, and there was no problem of heavy psychological burden at all. As soon as Zhang Zhiguo and Chen Guan had an in-depth exchange, they found that Chen Guan was not panicked at all, he was very reliable, and he was generally called to do some things that needed to be contacted by lifting his legs and moving his feet.

The study class is under the close surveillance of the US side, not to mention collecting information on Lu Bin's activities and carrying out secret missions, and he can usually find peeping eyes behind him on the street. At this time, if there is a slight carelessness, the move will fall into the eyes of the US intelligence officers, and they will become the first bird to come out and be more closely monitored.

Chen Guan could only stand still.

There is a strict discipline of confidentiality, and each student is told what to say and what not to say. However, these trainees will inevitably be leading cadres with certain responsibilities, and they must also contact their families for many things. Therefore, many people talk to their families, at first to report safety, and later to talk about life and work, contributing a lot of international long-distance phone bills.

Chen Guan's mobile phone is a global communication, and he can contact his home without changing his card. However, after all, Chen Guan has been working in public security for such a long time, and he has undergone centralized and closed training, and he has a strong sense of anti-reconnaissance, so he will not make a phone call home.

Finally, it was not until the end of March that the crisis in the Taiwan Strait was temporarily lifted, and the study class was considered to be formal.

At this time, the bright moon of Tantai spent her days in the water spring, and she was eager to get in touch with Chen Guan. It's a pity that Chen Guan didn't know, nor did he think that someone would dare to hit the idea of Tangtai Mingyue, and he didn't have the intention of starting the phone to contact Tangtai Mingyue at all, but devoted himself to learning.

Seeing that Chen Guan's English was particularly good, Zhang Zhiguo, the class leader, appointed Chen Guan as the interpreter of the study class to assist the full-time translator at New York University.

In fact, the students in this class have a good level of English, but many of them are not good at speaking. Because Chen Guan has a lot of words, he has been intensively trained by Wang Meng for a period of time, and his English level is relatively outstanding. This is also the king of no tiger and monkey in the mountains!

New York University is a research university, with nearly 20,000 graduate students on campus, and classes are rarely full like domestic universities, and they are generally discussion-based teaching, that is, questions are raised in advance before each class, so that students can look up information, learn and analyze, and teachers and students discuss and solve problems together in the classroom.

This kind of study class is not a formal undergraduate education or graduate education, and it is impossible to systematically learn a certain professional knowledge, but it is taught in the form of lectures, so that the students can get involved in more fields in a relatively short period of time, broaden their horizons, let the students understand the whole picture of world social management and economic development, and improve their management level.

Because it is a short-term course, and the teachers in the class are all top professors from New York University, according to the teaching arrangement, there is more learning content. For example, in economics, there are those who specialize in Keynesianism, those who specialize in supply-side revolution, and those who talk about President Clinton's economic policies.

Chen Guan went to the United States to study this time and was most interested in US economic policy.

At this time, the U.S. economy, because of the rise of the Internet, began to enter a golden eight-year period. However, American economists have not studied the Internet economy in sufficient depth, and are still entangled in the debate over Clinton's economic policies.

The focus of the debate is whether President Clinton's policy of raising the income tax rate and increasing the tax burden in 1993 was right or not!

What Cangshengyin instilled in Chen Guan is all intellectual information in the past tense, there is nothing ahead of time, and it is impossible to have information to predict the future, which is indeed a fly in the ointment. Therefore, Chen Guan wants to seize the opportunity to study at New York University this time, and learn the new knowledge of the world's leading era.

Chen Guan knows that Keynes's "General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", Marx's "Capital" and Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" are considered to be the three classic economic theories in the European capitalist world.

Marx's theory of surplus value is an economic theory that is still regarded as a grand economic theory in the political and economic affairs of socialist countries, but in Western capitalist countries, Marx's theory of surplus value is only used as a reference.

The dominant economic theory of modern Western capitalism is Keynesianism.

October 24, 1929, is the famous Black Thursday in American history. On this very day, the financial collapse of the United States and the wealth of more than 500 billion yuan in the stock market disappeared in a way that was beyond people's imagination, thus kicking off the four-year Great Depression in the United States.

It was because of this economic crisis that Roosevelt's New Deal was born. Roosevelt's New Deal's active economic policy was derived from Keynesianism.

In essence, Kellism advocates moderate government intervention in the market, and advocates that the state adopt expansionary economic policies to increase demand and promote economic growth.

A fully liberalized capitalist economy cannot avoid economic crises, and each economic crisis can plunge capitalist society into a crisis as a whole, which in turn will lead to war. Keynesianism is actually a prescription for the implementation of a proactive fiscal policy and the correction of the shortcomings of the capitalist economy. For this reason, after the war, all countries in the West used Keynesianism as a theoretical basis for formulating their economic policies. It was not until the 70s, due to the challenge of Keynesian demand theory and the "stagflation" phenomenon in the economies of Western countries, that economists began to reflect on the shortcomings of Keynesianism.

One day in 1974, Arthur. Professor Laffer sat at a dining table in Washington with some politicians and reporters, and drew a curve on a napkin to illustrate the relationship between tax rates and fiscal revenues, that is, when the tax rate is high to a certain extent, the total tax revenue not only does not increase, but begins to decline.

This is known as the "Laffer Curve" theory.

After Reagan was elected president, the "Laffer Curve" theory became the theoretical basis for economic policy. As a result, the Reagan administration instituted tax cuts to spur economic recovery. As a result, during the Reagan administration, tax cuts were drastically reduced, and by the time Reagan's term expired, the U.S. personal income tax fell from 70% to 28%; The corporate income tax has been reduced from 48% to 24%, and the entire economy is vibrant, creating the most efficient economic system in the world!

However, the large-scale tax cuts have brought about a negative effect: that is, the fiscal deficit is too high!