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The right hand of the servant kneeling behind Ding Gan is Ding Gan's human flesh spittoon. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info The boy in the top hat in the middle, is the underage son of Petrotiv. The Zulus then plundered the Boers, including children who were not yet minors.

In the picture below, the Zulu people are holding a torch in their right hand, which is said to have been a baby, but was changed to a torch because it was too cruel. On 20 November 1838, Andres Pretorius arrived from Cape Town with a reinforcement of 464 men.

On December 15, 1838, the team set up a battle formation on the Enkam River Loop with 64 ox carts. Ding Gan missed the opportunity for the night attack, in the early morning of December 16.

Relying on the favorable circular oxcart formation, the Boers used advanced muskets to shoot the Zulus' long contradictory cards, and in this battle, the Zulus suffered heavy losses, more than 3,000 casualties, and the blood stained the Enkam River, which was also known as the "Battle of the Blood River". "The right time, the right place, and the right people" is often the inevitable magic weapon to attack more with less and to defeat the strong with the weak.

In January 1839, a "peace agreement" was signed, and Dingan was forced to cede large tracts of land south of the Tugela River to the Boers and deliver thousands of cattle and several tons of ivory as war "reparations". Timkan's younger brother um Panda seized powerIn this war, the Boer women showed their strength, wisdom and bravery.

The pioneers opened up a new world for their descendants with sweat and blood and tears. Four huge 9-≥ arched windows, inlaid with Belgian-style glass, and the marble water-like graphics on the floor, flow in all directions, symbolizing waves rushing towards freedom.

The memorial tower auditorium, located in the basement, is the central focal point of the memorial. "Cenotaph" means both "monument" and "mound of clothes", and as such, it is also a symbolic resting place for Pietretief, the governor of the United Camp, and all the other pioneers of immigration who died during the Great Migration. Around the auditorium are the flags of the Boer Republic of various periods.

Every year on December 16 at 12 noon, the sun shines through an opening in the memorial's dome to the mound of clothes. It falls on the phrase "onsvirjousuidafrika", which means "all for you - South Africa". GerardMoerdijk explains.

The sun's rays symbolize God's life and work for the pioneers. In celebration of the centenary of the Great Migration, the Afrikaner Cultural Organization (ATKV) organized a nationwide collection of memorials from the pioneers of the migration. A large number of items collected during this event are temporarily stored in Hartenbos.

People want to one day display these memorials in their own museum at the Memorial Hall of the Ancestors. At that time, Ms. Kotieroodtcoetzee, a female veteran in the Transvaal, was trying to create such a museum. In 1960, a new "Museum of the Ancestors" was finally established in the area.

The Museum of History and Culture managed this museum until 2000. The Board of Directors of the Memorial Hall and the Nature Reserve eventually took over its management.

In December 2000, the museum moved back to the basement of the memorial. In keeping with the images that reflect the pioneers of migration and their relationship with their lives and other inhabitants of southern Africa, the museum has also added a special information section.

In this small museum, not only the life scenes of the ancestors on the migration route are displayed, but also the daily necessities of the time, from toys and musical instruments to books and letters, which can not help but make people travel back more than 100 years ago and feel the hardships and optimism.

Among the many exhibits, there is a group of delicate tapestry panels that are particularly eye-catching. The artworks are fifteen scenes from the Great Migration period that nine women spent eight years to complete.

The brocade contains a total of 3.3 million stitches, and the brocade scenes embroidered by the women were painted by the artist whcoetzer. In 1960, the Women's and Mothers' Movement Group (ATKV "Vrouenmoederbond"), a white South African cultural organization, donated these 15 historic tapestries to the Memorial of the Ancestors.

Take the small elevator to the open-air observation deck on the upper floor. As soon as the elevator doors open, you will see a long corridor carved out of granite, which is projected by daylight.

A hundred years ago, there were 4 countries coexisting in the southern part of Africa: the Cape Republic (Cape Town) and the Republic of Natal (Durban). The Transvaal Republic (pretoria) and the Orange Republic (Bloemfontein), both of which are closely associated with the Boer pioneers.

In 1910, Britain formed the Union of South Africa with the four republics of Cape, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange. When determining where the capital of the Union of South Africa is located. The countries fought each other and finally reached a compromise with Pretoria, Cape Town as the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein as the judicial capital.

The rest of Durban gets the shortage of goods for import and export. The results were all happy.

After the establishment of the new South Africa in 1994, apartheid was abolished, but the tradition of three capitals of one country was not changed. The "Memorial Hall of the Ancestors", a building that records the feud between whites and blacks, is also preserved, and is an important tourist attraction in Bito, but there will certainly be no blacks in the crowd of visitors.

The black drivers who send tourists here have to endure coming to this dazzling place again and again for the sake of work.

Colonial wars, of course, are not worth singing about, in a sense. The "Memorial Hall of the Ancestors" seems to be a beautiful cover for the Boers for their own predatory behavior. However, looking at the development of history, one cannot but admit that "colonization" is different from mere "plunder" and "aggression", at least.

It has indeed contributed to the progress and development of many regions. Portugal, Netherlands, United Kingdom. Whether the landing of these European countries caused more damage to the colonial rule of the indigenous peoples or provided greater help to the economy and culture of this land can only be seen from the development of the country.

Although the "Memorial Hall of the Ancestors" still stands intact on a small hill, a strange phenomenon is seen on the streets of Bito, all the street signs have two names on them, and the original large font English pronunciation of the street name has been drawn a long diagonal line, and the new street name with indigenous pronunciation is written below.

Yunluo has no right to comment on this practice with "ignorance, labor and money". But the "national spirit" should not be an excuse to drag down social progress. For a moment, I saw the country on the other side of the world, those cities.

Follow the eerie signs to another important building in Bito, the Union Building, which is home to the Presidential Palace. The building sits on a hill in Pretoria that overlooks the city.

Designed by Sir Heber Beck, it was built in the early twentieth century. It is a majestic granite building, the main body is a semi-circular European palace-like building, symmetrical, office buildings are divided on both sides, and two bell tower-like buildings are towering.

There is a huge sculpture in front of the building, the bottom is made of beige granite, and on the top of the circular monument are two ** warriors standing on both sides of a horse with their hooves held high.

One description says that this was a sign of the determination of the British and Boers to subjugate the natives and rule South Africa together; There is also a description that the sculpture is actually a "monument to the heroes of the First World War", a symbol of South African warriors during the First World War. Yunluo prefers to believe the second version. Because if you go down the stairs, you can see the answer.

Underneath the building is a large, well-designed and well-tended garden full of greenery.

Descending the staircase, in the center stands a statue of James Barrymunnikhertzog. He studied law in his early years, practised law in Pretoria in 18921895 and later worked in the Orange Free State High Court; During the Second Boer War (18991902).

Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Ålanje Free State Army; In 1907 he joined the Cabinet of the Autonomous Government of the Orange Free State; In 1910, he entered the first cabinet of the Union of South Africa; In 1914 he founded the Afrikaner National Party; Prime Minister of South Africa in 19241939; Although the Dutch ancestors gained a place to survive after defeating the aborigines of South Africa.

But the two sides also built up hatred in the war and killings, which led to a racist policy of people of Dutch descent. Throughout his life, Herzog encouraged the development of white South African culture, but he also contributed to the half-century-long apartheid system in South Africa. The fact that his statue has not been destroyed since 1994 is also a manifestation of "peaceful transition".

Further down is the "Mausoleum of the Heroes of the First World War". This proves that the statue at the top should be a monument. And under the statue is engraved "19141918", which is exactly the time of the First World War. Although South Africa was not a belligerent country, as a British colony, it still sent thousands of troops privately.

Assisting the "Entente" in the war, these South African soldiers were almost all killed in the end. War, which affects more than just the nominal protagonists. There are still too many supporting characters who are implicated, praying that such monuments, such mausoleums, and such attractions will not appear on the earth again.

Standing in the lawn at the bottom is a statue of Louis Botha, the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, who was also one of the founders of the Aferigar Party. During the Second Anglo-Boer War, he was the commander of the South Station District, and in September 1899, Botha captured an armed column in an ambush.

Former British Prime Minister Winston Leonard Spencerchurchill, who was still a reporter for The Post at the time, was one of the captives, and the Boers refused to release the war correspondent because Churchill was armed. In December 1899, Churchill successfully escaped from prison alone.

He returned to England in March 1900 and became famous throughout the country and successfully entered politics. In 1910 Winston Churchill became Home Secretary, and in the same year, Botha became the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, a position he held until his death in 1919.

After a morning of "history lessons", the feelings are quite complicated, and there is no better way to adjust your mood than food. Today's meal has already been ordered for Nalan Shiqi and Yunluo. A friend opened a Chinese restaurant in Bituo, and specially instructed the chef of Beijing to cook food for Nalan Shiqi and Yunluo, the ingredients are fresh and the taste is authentic, which is enough to make foodies talk for a lifetime.

On the highway connecting Joburg and Bito, there are many iron frames across the middle, and there are long rows of searchlight-like equipment on them, in fact, this is a new measure of the current government to increase road tolls, requiring vehicles passing through the highway to be equipped with another equipment, and the equipment on the iron frame is induced during driving.

This calculates the distance traveled, which is charged based on this data. This measure was met with opposition from the population, and groups representing the population protested to the government. It is said that blacks are particularly slow to work and that the repair of many public facilities has been dragged on indefinitely, and the installation of this expensive facility took only a few days.

This is one of the reasons for the great public dissatisfaction. Although after several negotiations, the government finally refunded the toll standard from a few yuan per kilometer to a few corners per kilometer, but it was still refused, and no one installed on-board equipment. Therefore, this piece of iron frame that has sprung up like mushrooms after a rain is useless, and it has become a heart disease of the current government.

In addition to three capitals and one important port, South Africa's major cities also have Johannesburg, the lifeblood of the country's economy. One day in 1886, a white man named George Harrison tripped over an outcropping rock while walking on a farm in the upper highlands of the Wach River in the northeast.

And this stone turned out to be a nugget of gold. As a result, gold diggers from all over the world flocked to the city, setting off a gold rush craze. As the number of gold prospectors grew, a large population settlement was formed, and the government of the Republic of South Africa sent commissioners to inspect the area and plan to establish a town, and two people were assigned to do so.

One was a Dutch immigrant named Johannrissik, and the other was a Boer named Christiaanjohannesjoubert, so the cities established on this golden land were named after their names Johann and Johannes, plus the suffix Burg, which means "city, town", and there is today's Johannesburg.

Later, the Boers discovered other precious minerals in the land, and diamonds were one of them. South Africa has been known as a gold and diamond powerhouse for 100 years, and in 1981 it mined 6,576 tonnes of gold, accounting for more than half of the world's total gold mining that year, making Johannesburg a veritable gold capital.

Although it is not as productive as it once was, it is still an important centre of gold production in the world. (To be continued.) )

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