Although the Sui Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty, it was the founder of the political structure of China's feudal dynasties, and pioneered the model of separation of powers in which Western regimes followed suit! The official system formulated by it also had a strong influence and guiding force on the subsequent Tang and Song dynasties until the Qing Dynasty, laying the foundation for the development of the feudal official system. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

The Sui Dynasty divided the ranks of officials into nine grades and thirty ranks, and these officials above the nine grades (including nine ranks) were collectively called Liunei officials, which were official civil and military officials. In addition, there are also nine outflow nine products under the nine grades, but they are no longer in the establishment of official officials, but officials and clerks. Ascending from the outside of the stream to the inside of the stream is called "entering the stream".

It is divided into nine grades and thirty levels, "inside the stream" and "outside the stream", which is to maintain the strict hierarchy of feudal society, which is used to distinguish between the noble and the low, the high and the low, the light and the heavy, and the superior and inferior.

There are four main categories of officials: knights, lords, loose officers, and ministry officers.

Jue: That is, the title and title of knighthood, which is the emperor's gift to the royal family, nobles and meritorious heroes.

Xun: It was originally an honorary title given by the emperor to those who had military merits, whether it was a soldier or a general, and it had nothing to do with his status. Later, it was expanded to include court officials, including civil officials. There is only grade and no authority.

Loose officials: Relative to the ministry officials with the right to office, it refers to those officials who do not have a fixed position and do not bear actual responsibilities, but have rank, so they are also called rank officials. Their official rank is the basis for receiving a salary and enjoying certain courtesies, and they are generally promoted with seniority. Loose officials can also serve as ministry officials who are not much different from their ranks, and those who concurrently serve as officials below this rank are called "Xing", and those who concurrently serve as officials above this rank are called "Shou".

Minister: An official who has the authority to take charge of specific government affairs in a government department, that is, an "official" in the usual sense.

Since this book involves a lot of content in the Sui and Tang dynasties and the Wu and Zhou dynasties, the Tang Dynasty bureaucracy is now taken as an example.

(1) The rank and grade of the officials in the stream. From the first grade to the third grade, from the second order; Civil officials are below the fourth rank, and military attaches are below the third rank, and they are also divided into upper and lower ranks, that is, each product has four ranks; Thirty levels in total.

1, from the first product 2, from the first product 3, from the second product 4, from the second product 5, from the third product 6, from the third product 7, from the fourth product 8, from the fourth product 9, from the fourth product 10, from the fourth product 11, from the fifth product 12, from the fifth product 13, from the fifth product 14, from the fifth product 15, from the sixth product 16, from the sixth product 17, from the sixth product 18, from the sixth product 19, from the seventh product 20, from the seventh product 21, from the seventh product 22, from the seventh product 23, from the eighth product 24, from the eighth product 25, from the eighth product 26, 27 from the eighth grade, 28 from the ninth grade, 29 from the ninth grade, 30 from the ninth grade, and from the ninth grade

(2) Jue

Zhengyipin: Wang

From a product: heir king, county king, national prince

Zheng Erpin: The founding county prince

From the second product: the founding of the county public

From the three products: the founding marquis

On the fourth product: the founder of the country

On the fifth product: the founder of the country

From the five products: the founding man

(similar to a female title)

Positive product

The imperial aunt is the eldest princess, the sister is the eldest princess, and the female is the princess

From a product:

The crown prince's children are the county lords

From the second product: the prince's daughter is the county lord......

The foreign women are as follows—

The mother and wife of the king, the heir, and the prince of the county are concubines;

A civil and military attaché, the mother of the Duke of the State, and his wife is the wife of the country;

The mother and wife of the third grade or above are the county wives......

The mother and wife of Zhufan above the third grade are awarded the system.