3. Yang Jian abolished the "Nine-Rank Zhongzheng System" full of reactionary bloodline theories and hereditary bureaucrats, and initially used the imperial examination to select talents. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

Prior to this, the selection of officials was basically or disguised as hereditary.

Before the Qin Dynasty, the state implemented a feudal system, and the selection of bureaucrats (scholars) was naturally hereditary.

In the Han Dynasty, the feudal system was gradually abolished, and the emperor strengthened the centralization of power, so he adopted the probationary system: local officials at all levels recommended talents. Since it is the gate lord clan that controls the power of the state, county, and county to elect the power, it is naturally the gate lord clan and their descendants who are recommended.

By the time of Emperor Wen of Wei, the minister Chen Qun established a more detailed inspection system: the Nine Grades Zhongzheng System. Prestigious people in the imperial court (naturally aristocratic scholars) serve as the "central officials" of each prefecture and county, and the "central officials" inspect the talents in the areas under their jurisdiction, divide these talents into nine grades according to the sum of their prestige and moral scores (of which family background accounts for a large proportion), and recommend them to the central officials, who then recruit them according to the report of the "central officials" and the grades of the talents.

The Jiupin Zhongzheng system was adopted by the later Jin and Six Dynasties.

The inspection system and the Jiupin Zhongzheng system are collectively known as the recommendation system, and their selection and appointment power are all in the hands of the powerful and the gate lords, lacking justice, fairness, openness and objectivity, therefore, the selected officials are basically the sons and daughters of the powerful of the high-ranking families, even if he is stupid and clumsy! And many children who have real talents and learning, but come from humble backgrounds, are excluded from officialdom!

The probationary system and the Jiupin Zhongzheng system are the true embodiment of the reactionary theory of descent in officialdom! It upholds the privileges of the wealthy giants, discriminates against the Shu family, and protects the hereditary power of the powerful families! Divide political power resources according to the level of the family! Instead of ignoring the principle of not counting the family and only focusing on talents, to reshuffle the distribution of power! As a result, the officialdom has a situation in which "the upper grade has no cold family, and the lower grade has no scholar clan"!

With the unification of the whole country, in order to meet the needs of feudal political and economic development, Emperor Wen of Sui abolished the Jiupin Zhongzheng system and tried the imperial examination system on a trial basis.

According to history, in the first month of 583 (the third year of the emperor's reign), Emperor Wen of Sui issued an edict to "raise virtuous and virtuous" below.

In July of 587 (the seventh year of the emperor's reign), he ordered Beijing officials above the fifth grade, the chief manager, and the assassin history level officials to be promoted according to the two branches of "Zhixing Xiujin" and "Qingping Ganji".

But this is only a branch of the imperial examination people, and the scope is small, the scale is small, and it has not yet been customized, and it is just the wrinkled shape of the imperial examination system.

It was his son, Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Ming Dynasty, who really perfected and laid the foundation of the imperial examination system!

Fourth, reform the original government and military system.

The original full-time government military system was changed to the state and county where soldiers returned to their hometowns, joined household registration, worked as farmers in their spare time, and served as soldiers in wartime or when needed, and the integration of soldiers and peasants was implemented, which not only increased labor productivity, but also did not affect national defense.

This was also adopted by subsequent dynasties and generations.

Fifth, the implementation of the uniform field system.

The policy stipulates: Ding men and middle men have to open fields (only five grains can be planted) 80 acres, and Yongye fields 20 acres; 40 temples for women in Lutian; 5 slaves and maids and 1 acre of land. The open field is returned after the death of the owner, and the Yongye field is not returned.

Resolutely crack down on the annexation of land by local tyrants and inferior gentry! The policy of light levy (i.e., forced labor, which is the unpaid labor that the ancient rulers forced the people to undertake) and the policy of encouraging agriculture and mulberry cultivation encouraged the peasants to reclaim the land! In the ninth year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui Wen, 19.44 million hectares of land had been cultivated, and by the middle of the great cause of his son Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Ming, it had grown to 55.85 million hectares! And the Tang Dynasty did not reclaim 14.3 million hectares of land until the 14th year of Xuanzong Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty.