From "ground mouses" to modern rockets

Every New Year's Day, setting off firecrackers and fireworks has become a long-standing traditional custom in our country. As early as the second century B.C., there was a record www.biquge.info of "the art of spitting fire with thunder and fire" in Huainanzi, which came from the house of Wanbi; Xiao Qi of the Southern Dynasty once pointed out that this is "scorching fireworks in ice water". Probably this is the earliest record of a pyrotechnic display. Later, after continuous improvement and improvement, there are many types of fireworks and many kinds of patterns.

In ancient China, pyrotechnics could not only make all kinds of fireworks, but also be good at using medicine lines to compile fireworks procedures. Firecrackers, for example, are the simplest set of procedures, lighting the starting point, and hundreds of small cannons will explode in succession. The second kick is a two-way program, the first step is to use the reaction of the jet to lift into the air, and the second step is to detonate the cannon in the first half. To make the second kicker rise to the highest point and explode, this is the best control procedure. In fact, the control program of modern ICBMs, in principle, is the same as that of the second kicker.

Of course, this is only the simplest procedure, and the more complex ones are the fireworks. According to the records of Wulin old things, famous fireworks designers such as Chen Taibao and Xia Daozi in Lin'an of the Southern Song Dynasty designed and manufactured all kinds of explosions, fireworks, starting wheels, wiring, meteors, water explosions, ground rats, etc. In the Lantern Festival Palace, there are also "fireworks into a frame" and "fireworks screen", etc., which are all kinds of fireworks placed on the shelves, linked with medicinal wires, compiled into a fireworks program, after igniting the end then one after another, automatically set off, it is a spectacle. It is recorded that there was a time when a ground mouse was set off in the palace, and the ground mouse got into the feet of the Queen Mother and startled her.

In the Ming Dynasty, Shen Bang further described the names of various fireworks in the miscellaneous records of the Wan Bureau: "Those who have a voice are called cannons; Those who rise up are said to be on fire; In the midst of the fire, the sound of the cannon company was said to be a three-level wave; Those who do not make noises and do not spin around the ground are called ground mice; There are virtual and real buildings, and there are more and less in two, so there are flowers and plants and other shapes, and there are hundreds of names."

These types of fireworks recorded 400 years ago are no different from modern folk fireworks. Pyrotechnics are made by using the explosiveness of gunpowder or the jetting action when it burns violently. Among them are notable pyrotechnics made using the reaction of the jet, which was the predecessor of modern rockets. Our country is the birthplace of rockets.

Pyrotechnics made by using the propulsion of jets began in the Song Dynasty, that is, the starting wheel, the line and the shooting star. The starting wheel is to use the action of two opposite direction jets to make the fireworks rotate and rise smoothly, and there are still many varieties of modern fireworks; In the case of a firework, a firework in the shape of a figure is hung on a tensioned line, and the line is set to guide the line, and the fireworks move along the line when they are fired, forming the fireworks that developed later. A "meteor" is a "fire", that is, a small rocket.

It should be highlighted that the ground mouse (modern common name rat poop). It is very cleverly designed: at first, it uses the spray action to rotate the ground mouse to play a directional role; Finally, it is a straight jet and lifts into the air. This is fully in line with modern principles of directional navigation.

As for "fire", it can also be used for the military. In the Ming Dynasty, Mao Yuanyi's Wubei Zhi carried a kind of rocket, the structure is exactly the same as "fire", except that an arrow is added to the front end, and a directional arrow feather is added to the rear. The "three-stage wave" mentioned above is today's light fire and double kicking, and its launch and detonation principle is the same as that of an intercontinental rocket with a warhead.

The most wonderful thing is the "fire dragon out of the water" recorded in the Wubei Chronicles. This is a two-stage rocket. The principle is to use "fire" to propel a dragon-shaped bamboo tube to fly, and then send a two-stage rocket from the dragon's mouth to kill and injure the enemy. As for its effectiveness, it is said that "water warfare, can be three or four feet away from the water to ignite fire, that is, two or three miles away from the water." Rockets flew out of the abdomen, and people and ships were burned. "It's exactly the same principle as a multi-stage rocket for astronautics. It can be seen that in the Ming Dynasty, China's dragon-shaped rockets could fly several miles away, which shows that China's rocket technology was very superb at that time. Of course, will further manned flights be considered? This is also there.

In his book "Rockets and Jets", the American H.S. Zim, based on a manuscript that has been circulated abroad, records the following fact: "About the end of the fourteenth century (the first year of the Ming Dynasty), there was a Chinese official named Wanhoo, who loaded forty-seven of the largest rockets available at that time on the back of a chair. He tied himself to a chair, took a large kite in each hand, and told his servant to light the forty-seven large rockets at the same time. He wanted to use the propulsion power of the rocket plus the lift of the kite to fly forward." Zim praised him as "the first person to attempt to use a rocket as a means of transport" and "the first person to attempt to use a rocket for flight". Since then, Wanhoo has been recorded in the history books of the world. ---introduction

The uncertain wisp of sword light condensed in front of him flew out in an instant, as fast as lightning, leaving a looming trajectory in mid-air, and directly stabbed at Jia Hypocrisy, who was stepping on a boat in the distance.

Jia Hypocrisy had already appeared in his hand with a dust-whisking magic weapon, and when he saw this, he waved the dust-whisking magic weapon in his hand, and the dust-whisking turned into three thousand white silk threads, which were wrapped around the sword that shot at him.

Whether it's a boat or a dust, it's a magic weapon for advancement (that is, a class)! It's not ordinary.

"Sneer~~"

"Not good." Jia Hypocrisy's face changed, and he even controlled the magic weapon of whisking the dust, and three thousand white silk threads were resisting and pulling the sword on the side, and at the same time, a large number of white silk threads also shone brightly, weakening layer by layer, frantically canceling, so that the wisp of sword was exhausted before it touched Jia Hypocrisy's body.

This made the wind in the distance also change his complexion, the power of the large Tiangang Thirty-six Sword Formation is definitely not small, this Tiangang Thirty-six Sword Formation is afraid that it can also be compared to some powerful demon pre-stage monks.

"Sure enough, it's a demon level." Jia hypocritically looked at the wind, revealing a hideous color, and shouted, "How can I keep you at such a young age?" ”

A black hive-like object suddenly appeared in Jia Hypocrite's hand, and at the same time it quickly became larger, becoming a foot high, and there were dense holes on it, only a buzzing sound was heard, and one by one golden bee insects flew out from countless holes in an instant, and in a blink of an eye, a large number of overwhelming bee insects rushed directly to the wind.

"Poisonous insects." The wind was startled, and an indestructible sword light condensed in front of him, "Kill!" ”

Shout! A wisp of sword light flew out of the air, and slashed directly into the dense swarm of golden bees and insects, only to hear the sound of sneering, the sound was very difficult, and the sword mang killed hundreds of poisonous insects and pierced the entire poisonous insect swarm.

And at this moment, the sword has been consumed to only half its size.

The sword slashed through an arc and quickly pierced in, this time directly consumed in the poisonous insect swarm, and hundreds more died in the poisonous insect swarm.

"That's not going to work." While the wind controlled its wings to escape quickly, it also immediately denied the method of relying on the Tiangang Thirty-six Sword Formation to deal with it.

The consumption of all the energy of the Tiangang Thirty-six Sword Formation is too powerful, and the Tiangang Thirty-six Sword Array itself has already issued it twice, and the small Tiangang Thirty-six Sword Formation (there is only a version of the Thirty-six Swords; The large ones are unlimited as long as you have enough energy) and sent them out once.

There are only six or seven percent of the total energy in the body.

And those poisonous insects are afraid that there are hundreds of thousands, and they can only kill seven or eight hundred with a sword.

Even if his full energy is endless, I am afraid that with only three sword rays, the poisonous insects will come to him.

"It's dead." Jia hypocritically looked at the wind.

"Fire Jiao out of the water!" (Referring to the revision of Yinshu's "Jiaolong Out of the Water") the wind shouted, only to see that there were water columns around and fire Jiao, and the mixing and matching of water columns and fire Jiao quickly combined, as if a flower-shaped protective cover protected the wind in it.

"Three, the fire Jiao out of the water." The wind did its best, and each fire Jiao water was composed of three water columns and three fire Jiao.

The large shield wraps around the small shield, so that it ......

The three protective shields were shrouded heavily, and at the core was the wind that was constantly performing the supernatural aerial technique.

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