PS: A trial was re-conducted after the end of the war. At the request www.biquge.info of Joan of Arc's aged mother, Isabella Dacque, and Jean Brehal, the chief judge of the French Inquisition, Calixter III authorized the retrial. The trial began with the re-trial of the case by Father Guillaume Bouille, an investigation was conducted in 1452 under the leadership of Brehal, and a formal verdict was handed down in November 1455. Many clergy from all over Europe participated in the trial, and the trial was conducted in accordance with standard court rules. A team of theologians also analysed the testimony of 115 eyewitnesses. Finally, in June 1456, Brehal came to his conclusion, describing Joan of Arc as a martyr, and pointing out that Pierre. Koxiong wrongly convicted Joan of Arc for his own earthly gain. The court finally officially cleared Joan of Arc on 7 July 1456.

1. Retrial

A trial was re-conducted after the end of the war. In Joan of Arc's elderly mother Isabella. At the request of Dack and the Chief Justice of the French Inquisition, Jean Brehal, Calixter III authorized the retrial. The trial began with the re-trial of the case by Father Guillaume Bouille, an investigation was conducted in 1452 under the leadership of Brehal, and a formal verdict was handed down in November 1455. Many clergy from all over Europe participated in the trial, and the trial was conducted in accordance with standard court rules. A team of theologians also analysed the testimony of 115 eyewitnesses. Finally, in June 1456, Brehal came to the conclusion that Joan of Arc was a martyr. He also pointed out that Pierre, who was in charge of the trial at the beginning. Koxiong wrongly convicted Joan of Arc for his own earthly gain. The court finally officially cleared Joan of Arc on 7 July 1456.

2. Character evaluation

Napoleon had a high opinion of Joan of Arc and considered her the savior of France. After Joan of Arc's death, nationalism rose in France, and there was a lot of historical compilation and research on Joan of Arc. The French Patriotic Movement (a right-wing political organization in France) carried out propaganda in her great image. She has been celebrated by a host of writers and composers, including Shakespeare, Voltaire, Schiller, Verdi, Tchaikovsky, Twain, George Bernard Shaw, and Brecht, and a large number of films, plays, and music about her continue to develop to this day.

In England, Joan of Arc was considered a witch. Including Shakespeare's depiction of Joan of Arc as a bewitch in Henryvi, Part 1, 1592, the first historical drama about the French royal family. However, in modern times, if Britain had won the Hundred Years' War and annexed France, today's liberalism would not exist in Britain, and as a result, the idea that Joan of Arc had also saved Britain emerged.

Joan of Arc became a semi-legendary character for the next 400 years. Accounts of her are mainly from chronicles. Five original manuscripts from the first British-led trial were found in old archives in the 19th century. Historians soon found a complete record of the retrial, including the testimony of one hundred and fifteen eyewitnesses, as well as a record of the first trial in Latin. Many letters from that time were also found. Three of them bear Joan of Arc's signature "jehanne", and the waving handwriting indicates that she is still learning to write. These first-hand accounts, all of which were left over from the two trials, make for a rather unusually rich source of information, as Devries puts it: "There are no medieval figures." Both men and women. Like Joan of Arc, it can be studied extensively. ”

Joan of Arc comes from a humble village and is just an illiterate seventeen-year-old rural girl, but in just a few years she has become a legend. Before Joan of Arc, England and France justified the war with the millennia-old Saliclaw, which was originally a conflict between kings over succession. Joan of Arc brings a different meaning to the war, as Jean Demetz describes: "Many of our (France's) kings are of English blood; But are we going to be British? Stephenrichey, on the other hand, said, "She turned what had been a dull interdystic conflict in which ordinary people were afflicted but not interested, into a passionate holy war to defend the country." Richey also describes her influence on future generations:

"Five centuries after her death, people have commemorated her with everything: [she was] a fanatical believer, a religious mystic, innocent and pure, but pathetic to being a pawn to be manipulated by those in power. At the same time, she is the founder and symbol of modern nationalism, a goddess and a saint who is worshipped. She even faced the threat of torture and death at the stake. Still clinging to the voice she heard from God. Whether that voice is true or not, her story will shock everyone who hears her story. ”

At the same time as the re-investigation of her death sentence at the end of the war in 1452, the Church declared Orleans one of the places of pilgrimage for her glorious deeds in Orleans, and granted an amnesty to local criminals. Joan of Arc was adopted as their symbol in the 16th century by the Catholic League against the Protestants. And thanks to the efforts of Felix du Panloup, Bishop of Orleans from 1849 to 1878, Joan of Arc was blessed in 1909. She was ordained a martyr by Pope Benedict XV on May 16, 1920, and her memorial was celebrated on May 30. She became one of the most popular saints in the Roman Catholic Church.

About miracles

The first is the miracle of Joan of Arc, although the orthodox doctrine holds that there are no miracles after Christ, some of the miracles of Joan of Arc are still recognized by many believers, and it is true that recognizing the king (crown prince) from the crowd is not necessarily a miracle (there must have been nobles supporting Joan of Arc at the time, most likely revealing the news in advance), but Joan of Arc depicted the appearance of St. Michael during the trial, which is exactly the same as the description in the secret books of the Holy See (these books are only seen by clergy of the rank of bishop and above). The religious significance of Joan of Arc is often overlooked by some, and this is especially evident in China. At that time a nobleman Jean. Demez falls in love with Joan of Arc. He never married, and finally fell into madness after killing several servants. Eventually committed suicide. Those who witnessed Joan of Arc's torture described that Joan of Arc's heart was not burned in the fire.

But no one knew that her loyal subordinates had quietly collected Joan of Arc's heart and ashes in an attempt to revive her. To this end, he did not hesitate to collude with the Bloodlines and necromancers.

Gilbert. Mortier. Morality. Lafayette

Gilbert. Mortier. Morality. Lafayette (1396-1464) was a soldier of the reign of King Charles VII of France. Marshal of France. In his early years he served in Italy. In 1409 he was appointed prefect of the province of Bourbonne. Later, he was governor of Languedoc and Guyenne. Defeated the English army and then the Bogundians. In 1420 he was appointed governor of Dauphiné and in 1421 he was promoted to marshal of France. He was captured in 1424 and later released. In 1429, when the siege of Orleans was lifted, he was under Joan of Arc. He later became a member of the Grand Privy Council and worked to reform the Army. In 1449 he commanded a counter-attack on Normandy, which lasted until 1457. Finally ended the Hundred Years' War.

Necromancy itself refers to a method of communicating with the world of the dead in ancient times. Necromancy can be traced back to ancient Persian, Greek, Roman, and medieval wizards. Necromancy can be divided into two branches: one that summons and dominates ghosts (necromancy), which is more common; One faction is in possession of the Resurrection of the Dead** (Dead Corpse Faction), while both factions are inextricably linked to the forbidden Dark Arts. Necromancyists usually practice by opening altars and charms. The Dead Sect excavates corpses and robs tombs to gain the terrifying black magic they need. Necromancers are usually surrounded by horrific deaths, dressed in clothes stolen from the dead, contemplating the meaning of death...

It is impossible to understand the mysteries of necromancy without a certain level of attainment in the knowledge of the soul and death. And if you are presumptuous. The consequences are dangerous. Since, under normal circumstances, dead people do not return to the human world (either in the form of entities or ghosts), if this happens, it must be for a very specific reason. If a living person wants to connect with another world and dominate the soul without heeding the pleas of the dead, be careful to learn about the dark arts, lest you become a victim of the wraith!

Initially, those who communicated with the necromancy were motivated by profit. Because everyone thinks that after death it is possible to know everything and see everything. So necromancers summon dead people largely for the job of people who want to know the location of the treasure, and these summoning rituals are usually performed 12 months after the person's death. Because it is believed that within 12 months after death, the soul has been wandering near the cemetery, and cannot see what the living want to see. But corpses that are too old are usually not chosen, because in the case of the Necrophy, corpses that are too rotten cannot answer the question clearly. Later, necromancers summoned necromancers and corpses to attack others, mostly in ancient Egypt and Greece.

For these purposes, it is common to suppress the resentment of the necromancy, which requires special magical help, which is usually only possible for very experienced wizards. In the ancient books of wizards in England, there is a record of necromancers drawing charms on the chests of dead corpses to cast spells. Sometimes, necromancers need to summon powerful demon gods to protect themselves or drive dead bodies and ghosts into obedience. In ancient Greek incantations, necromancers were recorded to have summoned Kore, Persephone, Eriskigal, Adonis, Hermes, and Thoth to protect themselves and control the necromancy. In Roman plays, the depiction of necromantic rituals also included burning and blood. In other rituals, necromancers eat dog meat, a symbol of hecate (the patron saint of shamans); Also eat unsalted and unfermented brown bread, unfermented grape juice, which symbolize rot and death.

In the end, although Joan of Arc was successfully resurrected, she had to face the death of her relatives and friends, and she was no longer a saint, and became a living dead who wanted to die but could not. (To be continued.) )