PS: As the war of the gods progressed, large energy anomalies occurred throughout the earth and its surrounding space, such as rays, seismic waves, etc., and even magnetic storms, electromagnetic pulses, and sunspot activity. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

1. Radiation

A ray is a curve that describes the direction in which light or other electromagnetic radiation travels. A beam of particles or photons with a specific energy emitted by various radionuclides.

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As the war of the gods progressed, the entire earth and its surrounding space experienced large energy anomaly fluctuations, such as rays, seismic waves, etc., and even magnetic storms, electromagnetic pulses, and sunspot activity.

1. Radiation

A ray is a curve that describes the direction in which light or other electromagnetic radiation travels. A beam of particles or photons with a specific energy emitted by various radionuclides.

Species characteristics

1. γ rays (gamma rays)

Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength shorter than 0.2 angstroms. Produced by radioactive isotopes such as 60CO or 137CS. It is a kind of high-energy electromagnetic wave, the wavelength is very short (0.), the penetration is strong, the range is long, it can irradiate many materials at a time, and the dose is relatively uniform, the danger is large, and it must be shielded (several ≥⊙ long≥⊙ wind ≥⊙ literature, ≥⊙, lead plate of w≤≤≌tcm or concrete wall several meters thick).

γ ray is one of the rays emitted during the decay and cracking of an atom. This kind of electromagnetic ** is very short, very penetrating, and carries high energy. It is easy to cause DNA fragmentation in the cells of organisms, which can cause cell mutations, hematopoietic loss, cancer and other diseases.

But it can kill cells, so it can also kill cancer cells. for medical purposes.

In 1900, it was discovered by the French scientist P.V. Villard (Paul Richvillard), which passed radium-containing barium chloride through cathode rays. The radiation passing through the 0.2 mm lead foil was seen in the photographic records, and Laseford called this very penetrating radiation the γ ray, the third nuclear ray found after the A and β rays.

2. X-ray

Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between ultraviolet and γ rays. It was discovered by the German physicist W.K. Roentgen in a **5 years, so it is also called Roentgen rays. It is a high-energy electromagnetic wave produced by an X-ray machine. The wavelength is longer than γ rays, the range is slightly closer, and the penetration power is not as good as that of γ rays. There is danger and should be shielded (a few millimeters of lead plate).

3. A-ray

Also known as "A rays". It is a stream of a-particles emitted by radioactive substances. It can be emitted by a variety of radioactive materials, such as radium. The kinetic energy of a particle can reach several megaelectron volts. From the direction in which the particles are deflected in the electric and magnetic fields, it can be seen that they have a positive charge. Since the mass of a particle is much larger than that of an electron, it is very easy to ionize the atoms in it and lose energy when passing through matter. Therefore, its ability to penetrate matter is much weaker than that of β rays, and it is easily blocked by thin layers of matter, but it has a strong ionization effect. From the determination of the mass and charge of particle A, it is determined that particle A is the nucleus of helium

4. β rays

Negatively charged particles are emitted when a radioactive isotope (e.g., 32P, 35S, etc.) decays. In the air the firing range is short and the penetration is weak. The ionization effect in living organisms is stronger than that of γ rays and X-rays. β ray is a high-speed flow of electrons 0/1e, the penetration ability is very strong, the ionization effect is weak, there is no left and right in the physical world, but β ray has left and right. In the process of β decay. The radioactive nucleus transforms into another nucleus by emitting electrons and neutrinos, and the electrons in the product are called β particles. In positive β decay, a proton within the nucleus transforms into a neutron while releasing a positron. In "negative β decay", a neutron within the nucleus transforms into a proton while releasing an electron. i.e. β particles.

5. Neutrons

Uncharged particle streams. The radiation source is a nuclear reactor, accelerator or neutron generator, which produces a nuclear reaction when the nucleus of an atom is bombarded by foreign particles. It is released from the nucleus. Neutrons are divided into fast neutrons, slow neutrons, and thermal neutrons according to their energy magnitude. The high density of neutron ionization often causes large mutations. Currently radiation breeding. The most widely used are thermal neutrons and fast neutrons.

6. Ultraviolet light

Also known as ultraviolet light, it is a non-ionizing radiation with very weak penetrating power. After nucleic acids absorb a certain wavelength of ultraviolet light energy, they are in an excited state, which makes the organic compounds enhance their activity and thus cause mutation. It can be used to treat pollen grains from microorganisms and plants.

7. Infrared rays

Infrared rays (IR) or infrared rays on their own refer to rays whose energy is slightly longer than visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum, but shorter than radio**. Correspondingly, infrared light has a higher frequency than microwaves, but lower than visible light. The wavelength of infrared light is in the range of a few micrometers (symbol μ, 1μ=106m) or nanometers (abbreviated as nm, 1nm=109m=0.001μ). Scientists divide the infrared spectrum into three regions: the near-infrared band, whose energy and wavelength are close to visible light, about 0.750~1.300μ (750~1300nm), the mid-infrared band, in the range of 1.300~3.000μ (1300~3000nm), and the far-infrared band, in the range of 2.000~14.000μ (3000~14000nm).

2. Electromagnetic pulse

Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) are phenomena produced by nuclear explosions and non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse bombs (high-power microwave bombs). The electromagnetic pulse generated by a nuclear explosion is called a nuclear electromagnetic pulse, and any nuclear weapon that explodes above the ground will produce an electromagnetic pulse, with an energy of about one millionth of the total energy of the nuclear explosion, and the frequency ranges from a few hundred hertz to several megahertz; The nuclear electromagnetic pulse has a wide frequency, including almost all long and short waves, and has a wide range of hazards, covering a radius of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, which poses the greatest threat to wireless communications.

Pulse effect

The electromagnetic pulse produced by a nuclear explosion is called a nuclear electromagnetic pulse, and any nuclear weapon that explodes above the ground will produce an electromagnetic pulse with an energy of about one millionth of the total energy of the nuclear explosion, with frequencies ranging from a few hundred hertz to several megahertz. The non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse bomb uses the energy generated by the first explosion or chemical fuel combustion to convert it into high-power microwave radiation energy through microwave devices, which can emit pulsed microwave beams with a peak power of more than a few watts and a frequency of 1 GHz ~ 300 GHz, and rapidly generate thousands of volts of transient voltage on exposed conductors (such as exposed wires and printed circuit boards), causing irreparable damage to a large number of electronic equipment.

The transient electromagnetic field produced by a nuclear explosion in space is the nuclear electromagnetic pulse. The nuclear electromagnetic pulse is hundreds of times stronger than the electromagnetic field of lightning. The frequency is wide, including almost all long and short waves, and the hazard range is wide, covering hundreds to thousands of kilometers, and the threat to wireless communication is the greatest. On 8 July 1962, the United States conducted a nuclear test 400 kilometers above Johnston Island, and as a result, on Hawaii Island, which is more than 1,300 kilometers away from the center of the storm, several hundred burglar bells rang by mistake, street lamps on dozens of streets failed, short-wave communications were interrupted, radar screens were faulty, the fuses of the power supply system were blown out, electrical components were burned out, the insulation layer was broken down, the storage of electronic systems was washed out, the procedures were chaotic, the wireless control equipment was shut down, and the alarm information control failed.

3. Seismic waves

Seismic waves are elastic waves that radiate from the hypocenter in all directions. When an earthquake occurs, the medium in the epicenter area undergoes rapid rupture and movement, and this disturbance constitutes a wave source. Due to the continuity of the Earth's medium, this wave propagates to the interior of the Earth and to all parts of the surface, forming elastic waves in the continuum. According to the mode of propagation, it can be divided into three types: longitudinal waves, transverse waves, and surface waves.

1. Principle of occurrence

English seismicwave.An elastic wave emitted by an earthquake epicenter that propagates in the earth's medium. There are basal interfaces, Moho planes and Gutenberg planes with sudden changes in seismic wave velocity in the interior of the earth, which divide the interior of the earth into three spheres: the crust, the mantle and the core. An elastic wave emitted by an earthquake epicenter that propagates through the Earth's medium.

Seismic waves are elastic waves that radiate from the hypocenter in all directions. There are basal interfaces, Moho planes and Gutenberg planes with sudden changes in seismic wave velocity in the interior of the earth, which divide the interior of the earth into three spheres: the crust, the mantle and the core.

2. Mode of communication

Seismic waves are classified into three types according to their mode of propagation: longitudinal, transverse, and surface waves. The longitudinal wave is the propulsion wave, the propagation speed in the earth's crust is 5.5~7 km/s, and it is the first to reach the epicenter, also known as the P wave, which makes the ground vibrate up and down, and the damage is weak. The transverse wave is a shear wave: the propagation speed in the earth's crust is 3.2~4.0 km/s, and the second one reaches the epicenter, also known as the S wave, which makes the ground shake back and forth, left and right, and is more destructive. Surface waves, also known as L-waves, are mixed waves that are excited by longitudinal waves and transverse waves when they meet on the surface. Its wavelength and amplitude are strong, and they can only propagate along the ground surface, which is the main factor causing strong damage to buildings. (My novel "The God Emperor of the Other World" will have more fresh content on the official WeChat platform, and there will also be a 100% lottery gift for everyone!) Open WeChat now, click on the "+" sign in the upper right corner to "add friends", search for the official account "qdread" and follow, hurry up! (To be continued......)

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