3. Miscellaneous Families: A philosophical school from the end of the Warring States Period to the beginning of the Han Dynasty in China. The pen is good at www.biquge.info learning from all sides.

With "Confucianism and Ink, the Law of Combining Names"

Characteristic, "all the ways of a hundred schools of thought"

。

"Hanshu Art and Literature" listed it as a "Nine Streams"

One.

The emergence of the miscellaneous family was the result of the integration of ideology and culture in the process of establishing a unified feudal state.

The miscellaneous works are represented by the Warring States Period "Corpse", the Qin Dynasty "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period", and the Western Han Dynasty "Huainanzi", which are respectively collected by Qin Xiang Lü Buwei, the leader of the Shang Dynasty and Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Han Dynasty.

And because the miscellaneous writings contain Taoist thoughts, some people think that the miscellaneous family is actually a new Taoist school.

"Miscellaneous"

It is not a conscious and inherited school, so he does not pretend to be a "miscellaneous family"

of the genre.

Since "Hanshu Art and Literature" for the first time, "Lü's Spring and Autumn" was classified as a "miscellaneous family"

It was only after that the school was officially named.

Proposed the "Law Heaven and Earth"

"Rumors must be heard"

and other thoughts, and the way of fitness that is suitable for the desire and exercise to achieve depression, has a materialistic factor.

Raised the "Tao"

"Chi"

and so on, while also containing and preserving many materials from the history of natural sciences.

He advocated that the ruler should not interfere too much with the people, and that the people should be able to recuperate and live and work in peace and contentment.

In this way, people's resistance to the rulers can be reduced, and the rule of the Western Han Dynasty can be consolidated.

These propositions of Lu Jia were praised by Liu Bang, and all of them were recorded in the twelve "New Words" he wrote.

The Huang Lao school believes that the monarch should "rule by inaction"

, "Provincial harshness, thin endowment, do not take away the people"

, "Impartiality and Impartiality"

, "frugal and simple"

, "Guirou Shou Female"

, through "Wu Wei"

And to achieve "promising"

。

This theoretical insight is embodied in the practice of "resting with the people" in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China by the rulers of successive Chinese dynasties

"No quarrel with the people"

For example, Wei Zheng and Gong Zizhen are their outstanding representatives, and they are also the same as Adam Smith's market theory in the West, and the dispute between private and state-owned enterprises in contemporary China is actually the embodiment of the theory of the Huang Lao School in contemporary times.

Fourth, the Yin-Yang family is one of the main schools in the middle of the Warring States period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China.

With the purpose of advocating the theory of yin and yang and the five elements, it is called the yin and yang family, also known as the "yin and yang five elements family"

or "Five Elements"

。

Sima talks about the "Yin and Yang Family" in "On the Essence of the Six Schools"

He is the head of the six schools.

"Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" is listed as "Nine Streams"

One.

The main representative figures are Zou Yan of Qi at the end of the Warring States Period.

Yin and Yang originally refer to two opposing aspects of things, "one yin and one yang is the Tao"

("Zhou Yi Zhi Biography"), Zhuangzi defined it as the contradictory and opposing elements contained in qi, "yin and yang, the great qi is also"

(Zhuangzi Zeyang).

The Yin-Yang family deduces the changes caused by the contradiction between Yin and Yang to mystify, "deeply observing the news of Yin and Yang, and making strange changes"

(Sima Qian, "Historical Records: The Biography of Mencius Xunqing").

The leading idea of "yin and yang" is to determine politics and concepts with the five elements, which was first seen in the Book of Changes, and the concept of "five elements" was first seen in the Book of Changes, but the emergence of the two concepts can be traced back to a much longer era.

By the Warring States Period, Yin and Yang and the Five Elements gradually converged, forming a new conceptual model, which was a cosmology based on the theory of "Yin and Yang grow and decline, and the Five Elements shift".

Yinyangism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period, and was named after the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang and used it to explain social personnel (1) The idea of Yin and Yang as an abstract concept mainly originates from the Confucianism founded by Confucius and the "Six Classics" advocated by Confucianism.

"Zhou Yi" is regarded as a Confucian classic, can only explain that the text is the birthplace of a hundred schools of thought, the earth has only been seen by the world until now, the ancient philosophers only have heaven and earth in their minds, yin and yang, day and night, four seasons, sunny, the other side of the earth is opposite, the result of opposition must have yin and yang, I am yin and yang is opposed to yang, I am yang and then opposed to yin, thousands of years later, Confucianism and Taoism yin and yang, vertical and horizontal Buddhism, who remembers the sons of a hundred schools, where do the hundred schools of thought come from?

It is similar to where human beings came from, and the process of finding yin and yang is the process of finding the origin of human beings.

(2) In terms of the concept of nature, the Yin and Yang Bagua Diagram uses the concept of Yin and Yang in the Zhou Yi Sutra to put forward the theory of cosmic evolution; From the "division of Kyushu" in "Shangshu Yugong", he put forward the theory of "Great Kyushu", believing that China is Chixian Shenzhou, with small Kyushu inside, and one of the "big Kyushu" outside (Hu Shi once praised the geographical concept of the Yin and Yang family in his "Long History of Chinese Medieval Thought"); In terms of historical view, the concept of the five elements of "Shangshu Hongfan" is transformed into "the end of the five virtues" (which will be discussed below), and it is believed that the succession and rise and fall of dynasties are dominated by the five elements; In terms of political ethics, he also "stops at benevolence, righteousness and frugality, and the six relatives of the monarch and the minister", and agrees with the Confucian doctrine of benevolence and righteousness.

At the same time, it emphasizes that "because of the great shun of yin and yang", it contains some knowledge of astronomy, calendar, meteorology and geography and has certain scientific value.

(3) The five virtues are also known as the "five virtues transfer".

Zou Yan, the representative of the Yin-Yang family, used the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang to explain the evolution of the universe and the rise and fall of history, creating the theory of "the end of the five virtues", which had a great influence.

Later, Lü Buwei's "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period", Dong Zhongshu's "Spring and Autumn Dew", and Liu Xiang's "The Biography of Hong Fan's Five Elements" (Liang Rengong mentioned the harm of the Yin and Yang Doctrine in his "Anthology of the Ice Drinking Room: The Origin of the Five Elements of Yin and Yang"...... Zou Yan, Dong Zhongshu, and Liu Xiang.

It can be seen that Yin and Yang are essential) and so on, all of which are based on the five behaviors of Yin and Yang.

"Five virtues" refers to the attributes of the five elements, namely earth, wood, gold, water, and fire.

According to the Yin-Yang family, all things in the universe correspond to the five elements, each with its own virtue, and the operation of the Heavenly Dao, the changes of the human world, the replacement of dynasties, etc., are the results of the "transfer of the five virtues".

Its purpose was to argue for the social changes of the time, but it fell into the theory of historical cycles.

In the 6th century AD, China's Yin-Yang Five Elements Doctrine, which mixed Taoist mantras with Esoteric divination, was introduced to Japan.

After landing in Japan, a lot of local culture was infiltrated, and a unique "Onmyodo" was formed

。

(4) Representative figure 1, during the Warring States Period, there were Gonghansheng, Gongsun Fa, Nangong and others, but Zou Yan was the most famous ("Historical Records: Mencius Xunqing Biography" is attached to Zou Yan's biography).

2, Zhou Dynasty (1) Jiang Ziya (Jiang Shang) is not only a strange person of Jingdao technique, but also has made great achievements in the deduction of the five elements of yin and yang.

Legend has it that he is good at using Qimen Dunjia.

Assisted King Wu of Zhou, overthrew Yin Shang, and established the Zhou Dynasty.

(2) The inventor of the gossip of Queen Wen of Zhou, the founder of Zhou Yi, is good at taking possession.

3, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period (1) Zou Yan's representative of the Yin and Yang family in the Spring and Autumn Period, mainly "Great Kyushu Said"

and "Five Virtues Begin to Say"

。

He is good at using celestial phenomena and the evolution of the five virtues to deduce the rise and fall of the government.

(2) Chu Nangong was a Chu yin-yang scholar at the end of the Warring States Period, a nobleman of Chu State, and Nangong wrote twenty-one articles of "Nangong", which can be said to be a master of the Yin-Yang school.

It was thought that the state of Chu would destroy the state of Qin.

4. Han Dynasty (1) Dong Zhongshu founded the famous "Heaven and Man Induction"

Doctrine, its doctrine has two main points: auspicious and calamitous Dong Zhongshu believes that when the phenomenon of auspiciousness appears in the world, it is because the monarch is virtuous and the people's hearts are good, and the heaven and earth are moved; When there is an ominous sign in the sky, such as a major natural disaster, people must have done something sorry to God, and God will warn people in the form of a disaster and ask people to wake up quickly.

"Heaven and man are the same"

Say.

(2) Oriental Shuo Han Dynasty people, full of scriptures, proficient in Yili.

Good at shooting, deeply loved by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

(3) Jiao Yanshou Han Dynasty, a famous Yi scholar, wrote the book Jiao's Yilin, which compiled all the changes of the sixty-four hexagrams into the book, which greatly facilitated people's use of Yi Xue.

(4) A native of the Han Dynasty in Jingfang, a student of Jiao Yanshou, he wrote the Huozhu Lin Zhan Fa, which matched the sixty-four hexagrams with Najia to form a new prediction system, which is still being used by people until now.

"There is yin and yang in the sky, and there is also yin and yang in people, and the yin of heaven and earth rises, and the yin of people rises accordingly. The yin energy of man rises, and the yin energy of heaven and earth should also rise in response. (5) Zhuge Liang Han Dynasty. Knowledgeable in astronomy, geography, proficient in Taiyi Shenshu, good at Bagua Array. It is the embodiment of wisdom in the hearts of the Chinese people. Du Fu: The power covers three countries, and the name becomes an eight-array map. 5. Li Chunfeng of the Tang Dynasty and Li Zhi era of Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. He is proficient in astronomical calculations, and his representative works include "Fa Xiang Zhi" and "Tui Bei Tu", which have been circulated for thousands of years, and people are still studying and cracking them. also accurately predicted Wu Zetian's usurpation. 6. Song Dynasty Shao Kang Festival Song Dynasty. He was proficient in Yin and Yang and Yili, and created the Bagua Theory of the Hua Era, which made the operation of Bagua begin to be regularized, which had the greatest impact on later generations, and at the same time, it was also spread in Japan. Chen Jun, a cultivator, lives in seclusion in Huashan, and is happy. Taoism is unfathomable. predicted that Zhao Kuangyin would win the world. 7. Liu Bowen of the Ming Dynasty was good at gossip and divination, and wrote the book "Golden Policy", which has been passed down to this day. In addition, there is also "Song of Baked Cakes", which is also said to have been written by Liu Bowen. In ancient Chinese dynasties, a department called Si Tianjian was set up, which was responsible for observing the stars, calculating the fortunes of the country, and serving the maintenance of the ruler. The person who works in this department must be a yin-yang person who is proficient in astrology and mathematics.