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Buddhism

For example, Buddhism is compared to a school of practice. That is, it is divided into different grades, including elementary school, middle school, university, and research monks.

Research monks are also divided into: bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and postdoctoral fellows.

Elementary school students are called: Shami;

Secondary school students are called: Shamen;

College students are called: Monk;

The bachelor is called: Luohan;

Master's name: Bodhisattva;

The doctor's name is Buddha.

Postdoc: Buddha.

Bodhisattva, the formal meaning is: enlightenment, sentient beings. So he was full of love, great compassion.

Buddha: Formal meaning: enlightened one. He will not cross sentient beings. He would use his fingers to guide people in their cultivation and follow the path he had pioneered.

In Buddhism, if you go down from the Buddha Shakyamuni, the words are: Buddha, Bodhisattva, Arhat, Shravaka, Buddha, Bhikshu.

If you follow the Buddhist Sangha in the lower order: bhikshu (monk), novice (quasi-monk), lay (lay disciple).

In addition, a bhikshu represents a monk who has received full ordination (250 precepts).

A novice is a monk who has received novice ordination (the Ten Precepts)

A layman is a lay believer who has received the bodhisattva vows (the five precepts)

The objects of worship of Buddhists can be divided into five categories: the Buddha Division, the Bodhisattva Division, the Ming King Division, the Heavenly Division, and the Dependents Division.

1. Classification

(1) Buddhism

The Buddha is the most revered, highest, and most worshipped object in Buddhism, with a total of fifteen Buddhas. But some Buddhas are widely worshipped, while others are neglected. Fifteen Buddhas. Only Shakyamuni Buddha has a history of being a human being in India. Later, he was deified and became like a god. The other fourteen Buddhas. There is no historical basis. Because Buddhism pays special attention to the process of cultivating the Buddha's path, realizing people, and becoming Buddhas, any Buddha or Bodhisattva who has no history of being a human being or cultivating the path in this world can only regard him as an imaginary object of worship. However, Buddhism has made up a set of myths, saying how a certain Buddha set out to cultivate and become a Buddha before the immeasurable eons, but there is no historical basis, and there is no belief in it.

Buddha, Sanskrit buddha, means knowledge, enlightenment. Originally, it meant that Buddhist monks knew and understood the teachings of Buddhism, such as the law of karma, and there was no mystery in it. Shakya's contemporary, the Jain patriarch Niganthanataputu, is also known as Budha by his followers! However, after the deification of the Buddha Sutra by later generations of Buddhists, the Buddha Shakya also became like God. In an editorial, the Buddhist journal Juesheng pointed out that first as far as the Buddha was concerned, and later, it gradually became sacred and mystified, and the invisible human and historical Buddha was slowly disguised by the myths into the Buddha of non-human fables. …… Look at those who believe in the Buddha today. or regard them as gods, or compare them as gods, and there is no distinction between gods and Buddhas...... (See Fortune, 15 March 1961)

The names of the fifteen Buddhas are: Shakyamuni Buddha, Great Day Nyorai, Lujana Buddha, Amitabha Buddha, Medicine Master Nyorai, Baosheng Nyorai, Bukong Achievement Nyorai, Kaifu Huawang Nyorai, Heavenly Drum Thunder Nyorai, Treasure Pillar Nyorai, One-word Golden Wheel Buddha Top, Buddha's Eye Buddha Mother, Duobao Nyorai, and Dingguang Nyorai. Tathagata. The Sanskrit word tathagata means truthful arrival, proclamation of truthful truthfulness, truthful enlightened one, truthful teacher. Such as, truthfulness (tatha), come. Arrival (GATA). This is one of the ten titles of Shakya, later. It is also used for other Buddhas.

In addition to the above fifteen main Buddhas, there are also three thousand Buddhas. According to the solemn tribulation of the thousand Buddha Sutras in the past, the present virtuous tribulation of the thousand Buddha Sutras, the future stars of the Thousand Buddha Sutras, etc. In the past, present and future lives, there are as many as 3,000 Buddha names. Among them, there are some Nan Wu Electric Light Buddha, Nan Wu Light Game Buddha and the like, which is really strange. According to the eighth sigh of the Sutra of the Virtuous Tribulation, when the Yu Xing Tribulation occurred, 80,000 Buddhas appeared, and when the Qing Tribulation was re-purified, 84,000 Buddhas were born. In Buddhism, since everyone is a Buddha, it is not surprising that the Buddha is not surprised. Theravada Buddhism in Thailand, only one Buddha Shakyamuni is respected, maintaining the legacy of Mahayana Buddhism before the occurrence of several large monasteries in Thailand, only one Buddha is worshipped, and Theravada Buddhism does not believe in Buddhas and Bodhisattvas other than Shakyamuni.

(2) Bodhisattva Department

Bodhisattva, also known as Bodhisattva, Sanskrit Bodhisattva, means to feel sentient beings, bodhi (jue, bodhi), sattva (sentient beings). According to the original meaning of Sanskrit, all Buddhists who practice Mahayana Buddhism are Bodhisattva; Buddhism advises people to develop bodhicitta is to develop bodhisattva mind. The late Master Taixu of our country said: Anyone who learns Buddhism with bodhicitta can be called a bodhisattva. Therefore, bodhisattva is a very common title in Buddhism, which applies not only to monks and nuns, but also to lay people who study Buddhism at home.

Buddhism divides the spiritual realm and the Buddha realm of the whole universe into the ten realms, the hell realm, the hungry ghost realm, the animal realm, the asura realm, the human realm, and the heavenly realm, which are called the six maze realms. The realm of sound, the realm of enlightenment, the realm of bodhisattvas, and the realm of Buddhas, the above are the four realms of enlightenment. That is to say, the Buddha is the highest, and the Bodhisattva is secondary. It is said that there are 52 bodhisattvas (monks) who are gradually progressing. From forty-one to fifty, they are called the ten places, and the above are the Buddha's position, and the last one is the Buddha's position.

The idea that Buddhists who practice Buddhism as bodhisattvas gradually changed and deified them, and finally many inhuman, imaginary heavenly bodhisattvas came out. These bodhisattvas in the heavens and universes, both male and female, are said to be able to give happiness and joy.

The more important bodhisattvas in the Bodhisattva Department are: Holy Guanyin, Thousand-Handed Guanyin, Eleven-faced Guanyin, Ruyi Wheel Guanyin, Bukong Juan Guanyin, Matou Guanyin, Zhun Ti Guanyin, Thirty-three Body Guanyin, Yeyi Guanyin, Great White Cloth Guanyin, Maitreya Bodhisattva, Puxian Bodhisattva, Great Trend Bodhisattva, Manjushri Bodhisattva, Jizo Bodhisattva, Medicine Bodhisattva, Medicine King Bodhisattva, Sunshine Bodhisattva, Moonlight Bodhisattva, Void Tibetan Bodhisattva, Fuxian Life Extension Bodhisattva, Five Void Tibetan Bodhisattvas, and Great Suiqiu Bodhisattvas. In addition, there are twenty-five Bodhisattvas, from Guanyin Bodhisattva to the Boundless Bodhisattva, a total of twenty-five. It is said that they are all bodhisattvas who protect those who recite the name of Amitabha Buddha. There are also three Indian Buddhists who have died, Ma Ming, Nagarjuna, and Shiqin. They are also known as bodhisattvas. Many of these bodhisattvas are worshipped by Buddhists.

In addition to the above Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, there are also gods of ghosts and gods in Buddhism: Fudo Ming Wang, the Third Ming King, the Peacock Ming King, the Horse Head Ming King, and the Generalissimo Ming Wang...... and so on thirty-four. There are also heavenly ghosts and gods: Kunshamentian, Guangmu Tian, Brahma, auspicious heaven, Asura King, Daikokuten, Ritian, Yuetian, Treasure Celestial Maiden...... There are also 34 gods and generals of the dependents: the twelve gods of the medicine master, the sixteen good gods of Prajna, the ten rakshasas of Fuxian, and the sixteen Luo...... Ninety-eight. Many ghosts and gods above. Each has its own specialty, or is the protector of Buddhism. Whether they are giving happiness to others or serving the heavenly realm, some of them are widely worshipped by Buddhists. The number of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, gods, ghosts, etc., in the above five parts alone, is as high as about 200.

(3) Arhats

Arhat, short for arhat, Sanskrit name (arhat). It was first introduced to China from India. There are three levels of explanation in the paraphrase: one is that it can help people get rid of all the troubles in life; Second, it is said that it can accept the offerings of heaven and earth, people and heaven; The third theory can help people no longer suffer from reincarnation. That is, killing thieves, making offerings, and having no life, which is the highest level of cultivation for the Buddha's enlightened disciples. Arhats are pure in body and mind, and ignorance and afflictions have been cut off (killing thieves). He has been freed from birth and death, and has attained nirvana (non-birth). It is worthy of the respect of all people and the heavens to make offerings (should be offered). Before the end of life. He still lives in the world and has few desires, precepts and pure virtues, and educates the people according to fate.

1. Status

Arhats, i.e., realised beings, are lower than Buddhas and bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism, and are the third level, while in Hinayana Buddhism arhats are the highest attainments that can be attained through practice.

Buddhism believes that attaining the status of an arhat is the end of all afflictions. It should be provided by heaven and man, and there will be no more reincarnation of life and death.

Arhat, short for arhat, Sanskrit name (arhat). It was first introduced to China from India. There are three levels of explanation in the paraphrase: one is that it can help people get rid of all the troubles in life; Second, it is said that it can accept the offerings of heaven and earth, people and heaven; The third theory can help people no longer suffer from reincarnation. That is, to kill the thief, to make offerings, and to have no life. It is the highest attainment of the Buddha's enlightened disciples. Arhats are pure in body and mind, and ignorance and afflictions have been cut off (killing thieves). He has been freed from birth and death, and has attained nirvana (non-birth). It is worthy of the respect of all people and the heavens to make offerings (should be offered). Before the end of life. Still living in the world, the Brahman has few desires, and the precepts are pure. Educate the people according to fate.

In addition, as far as the types of arhats are concerned, they are the arhats of the four fruits. According to the difference between its root nature and bluntness, it can be divided into six types. According to the Zanabhidharma Treatise Book 5, Kusha Commentary Book 25, etc., namely:

(1) Retreat from the Dharma Arhat, also known as retreat from the Arhat, refers to a person who encounters a small evil karma, that is, is prone to retreat from the fruit position obtained.

(2) Thinking about the Dharma Arhat, also known as the Arhat of Death, refers to a person who thinks of harming himself because of the fear of losing his fruition.

(3) Protector arhats, also known as arhats, refer to those who can protect and not lose their fruition.

(4) A dwelling arhat, also known as an arhat, refers to one who does not retreat or advance, but dwells in the position of fruition.

(5) Kandhafa arhats, also known as advanced arhats, refer to those who can quickly improve and attain the immovable Dharma.

(6) An arhat who does not move the Dharma and is also an arhat who is not a bad one, refers to one who never returns the Dharma that he has gained.

Of the six types of arhats mentioned above, the first five are those with dull roots, so they are liberated from time to time or with love, while the latter are those who are from the roots, so they are liberated from time to time or unmoved. In detail, if one can attain the liberation of concentration by encountering good causes, it is called temporal liberation. Being able to settle at any time without waiting for the liberation of a particular cause is called liberation from time to time. Those who also take good care of the arhat fruit they have obtained and liberate themselves from their troubles are called loving liberation; A person who is no longer liberated by the fact that he or she loses his fruition due to his afflictions is called liberation without moving his mind. In addition, immovable arhats are divided into two types by their roots, namely:

a. Those who are born without moving their caste nature are called non-retreating arhats and non-retreating arhats.

b. Those who attain immovable Dharma through diligent practice are called immovable arhats. These two together form the seven types of arhats. If you add Yuanjue and Buddha, it is called the nine kinds of arhats, also known as the nine non-learning.

In addition, according to the 30th volume of the Chinese Ahan Sutra and the first volume of the Chengshi Treatise, the wisdom liberation and liberation are used to replace the enlightenment and the Buddha, and another kind of nine non-learning is formed. Among them, the arhats who use wisdom to liberate their afflictions are called the wisdom of liberating the arhats. If an arhat is completely extinguished and is liberated in both mind and wisdom, he is said to be a liberated arhat. These two are combined with the undoubted liberation of arhats (those who attain all the literal meanings in the attainment of liberation and attain the four unhindered liberations) and become three types of arhats. (To be continued.) )

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