Introduction to PistolsEdit

pistol

The Pistol is a single-player self-defense weapon that can kill and injure living targets at close range with its firepower. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

Because of its shortness, lightness, safety to carry, and ability to fire suddenly, pistols have been widely used by the military and police of all countries around the world, mainly commanders, special forces and law enforcement personnel. With the advancement of technology, the pistol has evolved into a wide range of modern pistol families after a long evolutionary process, and the performance and power have been greatly improved. Thus, the role and status of the pistol will be further strengthened.

Pistols are small firearms that can be held and fired with one hand. It is mostly used in melee combat and self-defense, and the effective killing distance is generally about 50 meters. Use special pistol ammunition. It is mainly divided into revolvers, automatic pistols, submachine guns, rifles, machine guns, and special pistols. At present, most of the pistols equipped abroad are 9 mm in caliber, and a small number are 7.65 mm, 7.62 mm, and 11.43 mm. The main requirements for the future development of pistols are light weight, easy to carry and operate, ammunition with lethal effects at a distance of 50 meters, and the ability to deal with opponents wearing body armor.

2. A Brief History of Development

Guns have been used as firearms for nearly 1,000 years. For a long period of time, the gun played a pivotal role in human warfare, especially before the outbreak of World War I, the gun was one of the most important weapons.

The oldest gun is a bamboo barrel musket. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a variety of pistols appeared. The pistol is the smallest gun in the gun family, and although the pistol does not play a great role in warfare, it is indeed one of the indispensable equipment of the army. Pistols are no stranger to most people, but the origin and evolution of pistols have gone through a complex process.

Pistoia pistol

In the era of the advent of pistols, the narrative is very different. One theory is that the pistol appeared in 1540, when the Pistoia pistol was created by the Italians. Another version is that in 1419, Hussite believers used a whistle short gun in a war against the two Gismonds, hence the name of the pistol. From the point of view of the history of firearms, the general development process of pistols is: musket pistol - arquebus - revolver fire pistol - flintlock pistol - firing pistol - revolver (also known as revolver) - automatic pistol. But what people usually call modern pistols, in fact, only includes firing pistols, revolvers, and automatic pistols.

Early pistols – The earliest prototypes of pistols were born in China and Prussia (present-day Germany) at about the same time in the early 14th century or earlier. In China, a small copper firearm was introduced. It is generally about 25 mm in diameter and about 30 cm long. When using, first fill the gunpowder and lead from the gun's mouth, and then stuff some fine iron pellets, the archer holds the gun in one hand, and ignites the fuse with the other hand to kill the enemy from the iron pellet and flame. This can be seen as the earliest origin of the pistol. In 1331, the Prussian black cavalry used a short ignition rifle in which the cavalry hung the ignition rifle around the neck, held the pistol in one hand against his chest, and held the ignition rope in the other hand to ignite the gunpowder. This was the earliest prototype of a pistol in Europe. In the middle of the 14th century (no later than 1364), several cities in Italy saw the appearance of a short gun called "scioppi", a word derived from the Latin word meaning pistol. The length of this gun was only 17 centimeters, so many consider it to be the first pistol in the world. Pistols were used in the military field and date back to the middle of the 16th century. In 1544, the German cavalry used one-handed revolver muskets against the French in the Battle of Lunth. Subsequently, the same pistols were used in France. After the invention of metal cartridge casings, the firing pistol appeared, the first symbol of which was the design of the pepperbox pistol, that is, the multi-barreled rotating firing pistol. Subsequently, the United Kingdom and continental Europe also began to produce such pepperbox pistols. However, this pistol is heavier, and when the hammer is raised, it affects aiming, and it has little military value.

In the 15th century, pistols in Europe were improved from ignition guns to arquebuses. The arquebus pistol overcomes the inconvenience of holding the gun in one hand and the ignition rope in the other hand to ignite the ignition when shooting with the ignition gun, and realizes true one-handed shooting.

By the 17th century, the arquebus was replaced by a flintlock pistol, which already had some characteristics of modern pistols, such as the firing mechanism had a hammer, trigger, safety and other devices, and the chamber also developed from a smoothbore and a straight open rifle to a spiral rifle.

In 1812, the Scottish priest A. Forsyth designed and built a sortie fire pistol. This kind of pistol is also a front-loading pistol with a muzzle-loaded projectile, which is inconvenient to operate, and the firing speed is also slow, making it difficult to meet the needs of combat. In 1825, the American Derlinger invented the Derlinger pistol, which used a thundermercury firing cap device to improve the shooting performance of the pistol. In 1864, the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, was assassinated, and the killer used this pistol.

In 1835, American soldier Colt invented the revolver with a primer impact and a rifled barrel, which was the first truly successful and widely used revolver. It developed rapidly as a weapon during the American Civil War of 1861~1865. In 1873, the Colt 11.44mm rear-loading single-action revolver was officially adopted by the U.S. Army. In the same year, Smith & Wesson developed a new Skofield 11.43mm revolver. In 1909, the U.S. Army officially adopted the Colt 11.43mm heavy revolver. In World War I, the British used the Webley 11.6mm revolver, the Russian used the Nagant M1895 7.62mm revolver, and the Italy used the M1889 10.35mm revolver. By the start of World War II, Britain continued to use Webley 11.6mm revolvers and American 9mm revolvers. Because of the simplicity and safety of the revolver to handle blind fire bullets, it is still used in the United States and some other countries. In 1889, the Mauser pistol was introduced, establishing the principle of automatic pistol construction. In 1893, Germany built the first practical Borschart 7.63mm automatic pistol. The German Lugar made another improvement on the gun, which was the world-famous Luger pistol. The Luger 9mm pistol, which was equipped with the German army for 30 years from 1908.