ps: Different from the doctrinal ideas of most folk religious sects in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Zailijiao founded by Yang Zai takes Guanyin Bodhisattva in Buddhist belief as the supreme deity, Taoism Neidan as the practice kung fu, and Confucianism Wulun and Eight Virtues as the core of the doctrine. In order to ensure the implementation of the teachings www.biquge.info there are eight precepts for sheep slaughter: no smoking, no drinking, no burning of grass incense, no burning of paper silk, no worship of idols, no blowing and chanting, no writing of charms, and no raising chickens, cats and dogs. Among them, the two most important precepts are not smoking and drinking.

With the Confucian Five Virtues and Eight Virtues as the core of the doctrine, through the inner holy path of "righteous self-cultivation", we can achieve the realm of self-denial and retribution, and the world returns to benevolence. In order to ensure the implementation of the teachings, there are eight precepts for sheep slaughter: no smoking, no drinking, no burning of grass incense, no burning of paper silk, no idolatry, no blowing and chanting, no writing charms, and no raising chickens, cats and dogs.

1. Introduction

Different from the doctrinal ideas of most folk religious sects in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Zailijiao founded by Yang Zai took Guanyin Bodhisattva in the Buddhist belief as the supreme deity, the Taoist Neidan as the practice kung fu, and the Confucian Five Virtues and Eight Virtues as the core of the doctrine. In order to ensure the implementation of the teachings, there are eight precepts for sheep slaughter: no smoking, no drinking, no burning of grass incense, no burning of paper silk, no idolatry, no blowing and chanting, no writing charms, and no raising chickens, cats and dogs. Among them, the two most important precepts are not smoking and drinking.

After Yang Zai was founded in Lijiao, he successively accepted 14 disciples in 8 places in Zhili. The forty-fifth year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1706). Yang Zai returned to Qishan Lanshui Cave and never came down the mountain to preach again. From then until the 57th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1718), ten more people went up the mountain to take refuge. It is for the top ten disciples of Qishan.

Among the 24 disciples of Yang Zai's personal lineage, Zhang Wushan and Mao Zhilan played a role in the spread and development of the religion. Zhang Wushan saw that the mercenary Yin Songyan (also known as Yin Laifeng) was loyal, bright-hearted, and resourceful, so that he could be accepted as an apprentice in the 12th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1747).

In the thirtieth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1765), Yin Songyan established the first public activity venue in Yongfengtun in the west of Tianjin, Jishantang Office, known as the West Old Mansion. Since then, the religion has flourished day by day with Tianjin as its base camp. In addition, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenyang and other places also established offices in the Qing Xianfeng and Guangxu periods. At least at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Church has developed into a large sect in the north and south.

For more than 100 years, the religion was popular in Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and other places. In 1933, the All-China Federation of Science and Education, a leading national organization, was established, and branches were established in various localities. There are more than 3,000 Christian offices in the country, and there are many believers. After 1949. It is used by reactionary forces in Christianity. Banned by the government.

2. Pope

In the early days, the organization, doctrine, and precepts of the Doctrine and Religion were stricter, and even the believers were dressed differently. Around the Guangxu period, due to the establishment of public offices in various places, there were many religions, and the number of believers increased significantly. There are many treasure scrolls and periodicals and other propaganda materials compiled and printed by local public offices, but their contents are quite inconsistent; Its Taoism, rituals, etc., vary greatly from place to place. The precept of abstaining from smoking (including opium tobacco) and alcohol has always been adhered to by all factions. At the initiation ceremony. Believers and "inherents" should make great vows, and "leaders" (preachers) should earnestly warn that this precept is as heavy as Mount Tai. If you break it, you will be turned upside down for life, and there will never be a day of success. Smoking cessation drugs are distributed in large quantities or are treated by doctors. Other precepts include filial piety to one's parents, harmony in the village, abstinence from killing, abstaining from greed, fornication, and delirium, and only doing good and not doing evil. When he entered the church, the preacher taught the "five-character mantra", that is, the five characters of "Guanyin Bodhisattva". In ordinary times, it is only allowed to recite silently in the heart, and it is not allowed to speak, which is said to be "obedient"; In the event of a catastrophe, they will face the southeast and shout three times, which can turn evil into good fortune.

3. Canons

The religion advocates the unification of the three religions, does not emphasize the worship of idols, and there are no other statues of gods in the public hall except for the statue of the Holy Sect (i.e., Guanyin) and the statue of Yang Zu and Yin Zu. Only burn sandalwood, not incense. There are no magic weapons, only gourds, mugwort scoops and the like. The kowtow is called "lower ginseng", and its posture is slightly different from that of ordinary people. Believers can worship the statue of the Holy Father at home and visit 53 times a day; Recite the mantra silently, or recite the "Mantra of Guanyin in White", etc. The leading congregation is called a monk, but in fact it is old and helpless, and it is considered to be a believer with "Taoism". When he became a leader, he stayed in the public office for a long time and no longer went home to stay. There are men and women in the believers, the men are called the people, and the women are called the two people; The female leader is called the mage. The church has three festivals every year: the 11th day of the third lunar month, the third day of the 10th lunar month, and the 8th day of the lunar month. But generally only Laba is celebrated. Donations are widely collected in advance, and at that time, the public office will set up tents, hang lanterns, and hold a religious ceremony called fasting. Believers under a certain communal jurisdiction have to "fast". On this day, it is also necessary to "point out" (the ceremony of receiving new relatives), "release the law" (the ceremony of selecting the next leader), eat vegetarian seats, and give up "beans".

At the time of the founding of the Church, there was no organizational system for sheep slaughter. After Yin Songyan took over the reins of the church, the organizational system of the Church of Science and Religion was gradually completed. Yin Songyan claims to be the leader, and has teaching positions such as undertaking, urging the public, blocking the public, and sitting on the mountain. In the 51st year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1786), four additional helpers, trainees, supervisors, and guards were added to assist Lingzheng in handling teaching affairs.

In the past dynasties of the Rational Religion, the leaders have used the word "lai" to call their legal names to express the meaning of equality of status, and have always implemented the system of inheritance of religious rights of "passing on the virtuous but not passing on the children". The living expenses of the leaders are at their own expense, or they are voluntarily provided by the faithful, so the successive popes and the leaders everywhere have not become rich because of the mission, and have always lived a frugal life of cloth and clothing.

In the early days, there was a clear anti-Qing and anti-Qing ideology in Lijiao, but with the increasing consolidation of the Qing regime, this political consciousness gradually faded or even disappeared. In particular, after Yin Songyan took over the reins of the church and established a public office, the church changed from secret operations to open activities, and increasingly became a religious charity organization with the purpose of abstaining from tobacco and alcohol and establishing public welfare undertakings.

Fourth, the impact

Religious activities in Rikyo are mainly fasting and pilgrimage. Fasting is generally held on the eighth day of the lunar month, and the money is collected from donations. The pilgrimage is the cemetery of the sheep slaughtered and Yin Songyan. When Yin Songyan was in charge, he began to use the surplus money from the fasting house to send people to the streets and alleys inside and outside Jincheng to help the poor. Since then, successive generations of popes and local leaders have inherited this tradition, taking the relief of the poor and the establishment of public welfare undertakings as the main tasks of the Church. After entering the Qing Daoguang Dynasty, opium poisoned the whole country. In the religion, we have lost no time in publicizing and implementing the cessation of smoking and alcohol, especially opium smoking, as an important task, and have made anti-smoking ointments and distributed them to the society.

In the ninth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1833), Lijiao was recognized by the Qing court and quickly developed into a major sect that prevailed throughout the country.

In addition, a series of charitable relief undertakings were also held in Lijiao, such as the establishment of the Gongshan Society in Tianjin at the end of the Guangxu Dynasty, guiding the world to cherish the writing and paper, distributing relief money and materials to widows, giving coffins to the poor who died, burying the bodies of the ownerless, etc., as well as planting pox in spring, summer medicine, and cotton clothes in winter. In 1913, Li Yuru and Limen Wenren Yuan Wenjian joined forces with the disciples of the Beijing Limen Office to organize the All-China Association of Lishan and Persuasion to Quit Smoking and Alcohol, and published the publication "Li Feng". Since then, branches have been established in various provinces.

In 1933, the All-China Federation of Science and Education, a leading national organization, was established, and branches were established in various localities, bringing the number of public offices in science and education to more than 3,000 throughout the country. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Xie Tianmin, the leader of the Beijing Science and Education Association, colluded with Japan to establish the China Science and Education Association, which was a disgraceful thing. According to the memoirs of Zhang Guolu, from 1921 to 1936, there were 100,000 disciples in Beijing. (To be continued.) )