Starting from today, Xiaowen will give you as much as possible to explain some music knowledge. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 Of course, if you don't like to read it, it's okay, because if you don't know this music knowledge, there is actually no obstacle to your reading.

If you don't know what to do after reading it, don't pay too much attention to it, as long as you have a vague idea, it's fine. Music is a complex subject, full of rules and anti-rules, and it is not something that can be explained clearly in a few thousand or tens of thousands of words. Xiaowen just hopes that readers can have some vague concepts.

Let's get started.

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1. Traditional music and non-traditional music.

Traditional music: In fact, most of the music on the market belongs to traditional music, because although they use new instruments and new genres, the music theory system they use, that is to say, their real core is actually the core of traditional music.

Representative composers: Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Debussy, Wagner, Lennon, Elvis Presley, Mike Jackson, Jay Chou, Lin Junjie, etc., including most of the Chinese music, Korean music, Japanese music, European and American music.

Non-traditional music: that is, avant-garde music, such as sequential music, accidental music, experimental music, minimalist music, etc. It is not composed using traditional music systems. They established new musical systems, and even many composers created their own musical systems to compose.

Representative composers: Schoenberg, Webein, Messiaen, Rigeti, Penderetzky, John Cage, Copeland, Toru Takemitsu, Tan Dun, Mo Wuping, Chen Qigang, etc.

There is no clear and absolute dividing line between traditional and non-traditional music, it is gradual by the times, more than 100 years ago, Debussy was also considered the "non-traditional" music of that era, but the times are progressing, and he has become "traditional" again.

The relationship between traditional musicians and non-traditional musicians is what Leonardo da Vinci was with Edvard Munch, and between Rembrandt and Picasso.

Because there is no obvious and absolute dividing line between traditional and non-traditional, the difference between the two cannot be described in general language, although in general, it can be simply described as "what sounds good is traditional, and what is harsh is non-traditional", but among non-traditional musicians, such as Toru Wuman, Tan Dun, and Chen Qigang's works have very high audibility and are very "good", and it is difficult for outsiders to distinguish.

For this reason, many contemporary composers can write both traditional and non-traditional music, such as Chen Qigang, who writes traditional music such as BJ's Olympic theme song "Me and You", non-traditional music such as "Lost Time", and music between traditional and non-traditional such as "Walking West". (The same is true of Xiaowen himself, traditional, non-traditional, semi-traditional, semi-traditional, and semi-non-traditional.) ）

There are some composers in the era of great change from traditional to non-traditional, whether they belong to traditional or non-traditional music, there is a lot of debate in the industry, such as Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Bartók, etc.

The reader only needs to have a vague idea, and this book will not go into these in depth. (Why should we dig into something that even professionals can argue about?) ）

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2. Tone

Tone: What is sound, do you need to explain it? Everything that can be heard is a sound. (This concept may seem commonplace, but it's important.) ）

The four attributes of sound: Physically, the four attributes of sound are high and low, loudness (strength and weakness), timbre, length, high and low is determined by the vibration frequency of the sound emitter, loudness is determined by the amplitude of the vibration, timbre is determined by the material and structure of the sound emitter, and the length is determined by the vibration time.

In music, there is a distinction between music and noise.

Musical sound: The most used sound in traditional music, and it is also the most favorite sound in the general human sense. Musical tones are regular vibrations, with distinct high and low tones.

Noise: Traditional music is less used (not not), modern avant-garde music uses more, and it is also a sound that most people can't stand. The noise is irregular, and the height is not obvious.

Music + Noise = Everything a person can hear. Traditional musicians prefer to use music to create, while non-traditional musicians prefer to include all sounds, music + noise in the creative elements, and even some of them prefer to use noise.

Moreover, music and noise can be switched under certain circumstances, the simplest example is "set your favorite song as an alarm to wake up". Although music and noise have a musical definition, in real life, music at the wrong time, in the wrong arrangement, and in the wrong combination, it can also become noise, and vice versa.

Music system: The system used by almost all music that ordinary people call "music", and it is also the most important system of all music today.

Each note in the musical system should not be called a tone, but should be called a scale. But in daily life, even in the mouths of professionals, it is customary to call it sound.

Sequence: Arrange the tones in a certain order of pitch from high to low or from low to high, this arrangement is called "sequence". For example, "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do" is one of countless sequences. (Memorize the concept of phonetic sequences)

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3. The relationship between sounds

Pitch: Indicates the pitch of the tone.

In the musical system, the smallest unit of pitch is the "semitone". When two semitones are added, it is "whole tone". This doesn't really refer to a certain sound, it refers only to the relationship between the sound and the sound.

For example, in "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do", there is a whole tone relationship between do and re, including "re-mi", "fa-sol", "sol-la" and "la-si" are all whole tones, and between mi and fa, there is no sound separation, they are semi-tone relations, including "si-do" is also a semitone relationship.

Semitones are further divided into natural semitones and variable semitones.

Natural semitone: As the name suggests, there is no need to go through any changes, and the relationship between the semitones that occurs naturally.

Variational semitones: more complex concepts that are best not to know. Also as the name suggests, after the change, two tones that originally did not have a chromatic relationship can become a semitone relationship. (Well, I advised you that you better not know.) ）

Interval: A unit that expresses the relationship between the high and low of two tones, called an interval. There are two aspects to the interval, namely "degree" and "number of notes".

Number of tones: Refers to the number of semitones contained between two sounds.

Degrees: Mr. Li Chongguang's "Basic Music Theory" defines the number of lines and between two notes on a staff. (Is it the mention of staves that you don't really want to hear?) ）

And you may have to ask again, why do you see people say, what is the "minor seventh", "octave" and "major third"? Although his name is "degree", he actually refers to the number of sounds. For example, "major third" refers to the relationship between two tones that contain two tones (i.e., two whole tones or four semitones, since one whole tone = two semitones). Well, don't worry about it, the book won't have this content, and even if it is, it won't affect the reading.

Roll call vs. sound name: this is the kind of thing you should know.

Sound name: The name of the sound. For example, C, D, E, F, G, A, and B are all phonetic names.

The name of a sound corresponds to a sound. (That's right, there are no exceptions.) ）

So, can we say the other way around, that there is only one sound name for a sound? No way. Because there are also change sounds. Do you want to hear it? I guess not.

Roll call: The singing of the tone. "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si" is the sol-name of the sound. However, a solfège does not correspond to a tone. For example, "do" does not correspond to a single sound, it can be the sound of everything!

(Note, high energy ahead, dissuasion, discouragement.) ）

In the semitone mentioned above, the semitone relationship between "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do" is talked about, and to sum it up, it is "full, full, half, full, half". "do-re" is a whole tone, "re-mi" is a whole tone, "mi-fa" is a semitone, and so on.

All the eight tones that conform to the relationship of "full, full, half, full, full, full, half" can be called "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do".

The famous singer SHE's "superstar" sings well: "do" is not "do", all sounds are "do". Well.

In general, the concept of "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si" in ordinary people's concept actually refers to the seven sounds of "C, D, E, F, G, A, B". So, if you say "do" to a professional, if he has enough life experience, he will know that when you say "do" means the C sound, if he doesn't, he will definitely ask you "which do" with a confused face. ”

As for the sound name, is it correct to write "C, D, E, F, G, A, B"? Strictly speaking, it's wrong.

Because each sound name corresponds to only one sound, and there are so many sounds, is the seven sounds right? For example, the piano has 88 keys, how can "C, D, E, F, G, A, B" be written?

So, strictly speaking, we'll write in case and numeric subscripts.

Among the 88 keys of the piano, the lowest note is on the leftmost hand, which is an "A" tone; In professional terms, it should be "A2" sound, which is pronounced as "two groups of A." ”

For another example, in what we say in our daily life, the C and "do" sounds in "C, D, E, F, G, A, B" or "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si" refer to the central C sound, written as "c1", and the lowercase C is pronounced as "a group of small characters C".

By capitalization, it is called a large character group and a small character family, and then named with a number number, which can accurately represent a sound. "X character a certain group of a certain sound" is the correct pronunciation of the sound name.

Note that the higher the number, the lower the sound, for example, the pitch of "Big Character Group A" is lower and deeper than that of "Big Character Group A".

From the far left of the piano keyboard, from low to high, they are "Big Character Group 2", "Large Character Group", "Large Character Group" (the sound of this group has no numeric number), "Small Character Group" (no number number like the large character group), "Small Character Group", "Small Character Group 2", "Small Character Group 3", "Small Character Group 4", "Small Character Group 5".

Taking the 88-key piano lowest note A2 as an example, the A note on the entire keyboard should be arranged from low to high:

A2、A1、A、a、a1、a2、a3、a4。

You may ask, A5, what about the small character five groups of A? Without. Because we take the 88-key piano as an example, the highest note of the 88-key piano is C5, and then there are no D5 and E5. If you own a 108-key piano, then your piano will have a higher range.