The basic knowledge of the [Harmony] corpse

1. People usually begin to stiffen within half an hour to two hours after death, and the whole body will stiffen after 9-12 hours. The pen ~ fun ~ pavilion will continue to stiffen for 30 hours after the www.biquge.info, then soften, and return to its original state after about 70 hours. Normally, this is true, but if the ambient temperature is higher than 35 degrees, stiffness and softening will accelerate, and it will only take 24 hours to return to its original state. If you have exercised vigorously before death, the protein will coagulate more easily in the body and stiffen faster than usual after death. -

2. When killing from [Harmony], if you shoot at the head, it will leave scorch marks around the bullet holes, and the color of the surrounding skin will also darken. The hole that the bullet enters is smaller than the hole that comes out, and the blood flows a little less, and under normal circumstances, only self-[harmony] kills will leave scorch marks. -

3. If the lungs are perforated, even if you want to breathe, you will not be able to breathe smoothly because the lungs cannot expand, which will cause suffocation. He can struggle in pain for about 10-15 minutes before he dies. -

4. If the deceased is drowned, the pupils will be dilated, and there will be bleeding on the mucous membrane of the eye, and the eardrum will also rupture due to water pressure and cause bleeding. -

5. If the deceased is strangled to death, there will be a deep purple mark on the throat, the pupils will dilate in pain, and the tongue will sometimes stick out and turn purple-black. -

6. Hitting a person's head with a blunt object can even cause file lacerations. Usually there will be no blood spilled from the first blow, but there will be scars around the wound, and the second blow will be in the same place before the blood will spurt out. Bleeding from the mucosa of the upper and lower lips, peeling off the dotted epidermis of the neck, and patchy bleeding on the skin, and bleeding from the conjunctiva of the eye indicate the process of strangulation. If the deceased is choked behind the neck and hit the head with a blunt object, it will cause severe intracranial injury and respiratory failure. -

7. The ends of the deceased's hair were slightly burned, and the muscles of the body were extremely stiff, which was characteristic of death due to high-voltage electricity. Burns caused by electric current flowing from the tips of the fingers into the body can turn the fingers grayish-white. -

8. If the deceased is poisoned, the lips will first turn purple or black, and then other parts of the body will also appear this phenomenon, sometimes the eyes will be staring, the hands will be clenched into fists, and the waist and legs will be curled. -

13. If the flower is poisoned, the flower itself should also wither first. -

14. On the surface, it appears to be a death of "suicide" by biting off the tongue, sometimes caused by spasms caused by inhaling poisonous gas or swallowing poison.

15. Regarding carbon dioxide poisoning, if the gas around a person contains more than 20% carbon dioxide, it will have severe spasms after inhalation, and it will bite the tongue and die in a few seconds, and the body will be cold. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so it sinks underneath a particular space. -

16. If the spasm is caused by heavy bleeding, it is necessary to tie the wound with a rope to stop the bleeding to prevent excessive blood flow, and then rub the heart. -

17. If a person's internal organs are broken, there will be a special smell of internal organs. -

18. Bury the corpse in the soil so that the body cannot come into contact with the air, and the corpse will decay at 1/8 the rate of normal speed, and it will be slower in water. -

19. In general, if a person has been missing for more than 7 years, he is confirmed to be dead, but if a person has disappeared due to a natural disaster or disaster, he has been confirmed dead for more than 1 year.

Identification of handwriting-

Comparing two identical words with handwriting and proving that they were written by the same person is called handwriting identification. -

Each person's writing has its own personal characteristics, and as long as it is carefully examined in a scientific way, it will definitely be able to see the reason. -

1. Pen Pressure-

That is, when writing words, the power of the pen is used. The average person writes with a force of 200 to 250 kilograms, and uses a pen pressure meter to make a correct measurement, even if the same pen writes the same word, everyone's pen pressure is different. -

Conversely, the same person writes different characters with roughly the same pen pressure. -

Therefore, if you want to imitate someone else's handwriting and put someone else's handwriting underneath, it will also be different depending on the pressure of the pen. -

The pen pressure and the speed of writing are also related to the person's physique and character. -

A- Obese people have weaker pen pressure and slower writing speed. -

B- People with a slender body have a stronger pen pressure and faster writing speed. -

C-Psychotic patients (schizophrenia, depression) have stronger pen pressure than normal people. It's about 350 kilograms or more, but the speed of writing is very slow. -

In the center of the table, a metal plate 12 centimeters long and 7 centimeters wide is installed. -

When you put the paper on a metal plate to write, it will convert the pressure of the pen into kilograms and record it. -

2. Stroke Order-

Even if you write the same word, the order in which you write it varies from person to person. -

When imitating the handwriting of others, although the writing is very imaginary to the other person, there will be slight differences due to the different stroke order. -

3. Characteristics of Strokes-

The size, angle, and distance between lines of a word are all characteristics of strokes. For example, the word "kind" has eighteen places where it can be characterized. If the word "like" is included in the threat letter, the suspect can be asked to write it. Then find out the similarities from these eighteen characteristics. -

4. Typo Habits-

Just like the habit of stroke order, everyone has their own habit of making mistakes. Words that were written incorrectly when you were young will also be involuntarily written incorrectly when you reach adulthood. And not only the typo, but also the method of using each group of words and sentences also has its own characteristics. -

These are some of the key points when doing handwriting identification. -

However, the only people who can be tested are those who are high school or older. Because elementary school students and high school students have not yet established the way they write. As a result, the characters often have different characteristics and cannot be identified.

Interpretation-

To master the art of interpretation, it is necessary to do the following:-

1. First of all, talk politely to the other person in order to gain their trust. -

2. Instead of being able to talk, it is better to be obedient. -

3. If the other party has a cat or dog in their house, don't let it go. Because cats and dogs speak the words of their owners. -

4. It is important to ask the same question in different ways skillfully, through two interviews, to confirm the facts. -

5. In front of the opponent, do not take out the note paper to make a record, which will make the opponent wary. So, just ask casually verbally and keep everything the other person saying in your head. -

6. If you can't seem to forget what you do, put your hands in your pockets and learn how to make memos in your pockets. -

7. Even if the other person complains, or talks a lot about his life experience and situation, he should listen tirelessly like a relative. -

8. Skills to adapt to the other person's personality and change the content of the conversation. -

Dust off fingerprints-

First Method-

Suitable for fingerprints on smooth and non-porous surfaces such as glasses, window frames, and light switches:-

1. The brush gently brushes away fingerprint dust from smooth surfaces. The dust was originally stuck to the crevices of the fingerprint lines by sweat, but when they were removed, the hidden fingerprints were revealed. -

2. Press the adhesive tape on the fingerprint, then pick it up and press it on a card. -

3. Write the time, date, and name on one side, and then briefly record where you found this fingerprint. -

If you can't see the fingerprints clearly, you can sprinkle white aluminum powder on the places where the fingerprints are stained. Then use a soft-bristled brush to gently remove the ****. White fingerprints appeared. The tips of the fingers often secrete sweat due to the presence of sweat glands. As a result, where the fingers have touched, they will leave traces of their secretions. When stained with aluminum powder, fingerprints emerge, which are called latent fingerprints. -

The second method-

Fingerprints on rough surfaces such as plastic trim inside a car can be countered with steam. Because on this surface, if you also brush it with a brush, you may brush your fingerprints. To record fingerprints in your car, follow these steps:-

1. The material for making cyanoacrylate adhesive is heated in the car, and then the car is sealed. Once the cyanoacrylate binder is heated, it produces steam. These vapors cause hidden fingerprints to turn white and hold them in place. -

2. The hidden fingerprint is fixed there, and you can remove it using the first method introduced above. -

Third Method-

We can't use the first method to sample the fingerprints on the stolen checks, because the sweat on the fingerprints has already been absorbed by the paper. Here's what we can do:-

1. Use a sprayer to spray a chemical called ninhydrin onto the paper. -

2. Iron the paper with a heated iron and wait for a while for the fingerprints to appear. -

Fourth Method-

When investigating a particular case, such as a murder case, sometimes the biggest problem is not that the fingerprints are not found, but that too much time is wasted in finding the fingerprints, and we should do this:-

1. Turn off all the lights in the room where the murder occurred. -

2. Carry your own portable laser detection device, wear special glasses to protect your eyes, and use a laser beam to sweep every corner of the room. Doing so causes certain compounds on the fingerprint to fluoresce (similar to the light on a luminous watch). -

3. Under the illumination of the laser, take a picture of the fingerprint. Clever collection and detection of clothing fibers -

1. To collect clothing fibers from the crime scene, you have to use sticky adhesive strips to go to suspicious places, and all the fibers in these places will be glued to the adhesive strips. -

2. Attach the adhesive strip with the fibers to a clean plastic sheet, so that the fibers can be fixed so that they will not be lost or contaminated. -

3. Take the fibers taken from the crime scene, take the suspect's clothes, and send them to the crime evidence testing laboratory. Fibers taken from the crime scene were placed under a microscope, and fibers that were different from the color of the suspect's clothes were screened out. -

4. Compare the screened fibers with the fibers on the suspect's clothes using a high-powered contrast microscope that allows you to see and compare two sets of fibers at the same time, which magnify the fibers up to 400 times. -

5. If two groups of fibers are found to be the same color and width under the microscope, then further careful comparison of their chemical composition and pigment composition is required to determine if they are really the same. -

How to make a copy of a tire print-

1. Fill a sturdy plastic bag with plaster and water and mix them thoroughly. -

2. Cut open the corner of the bag and pour the plaster evenly over the tire print, just like we would squeeze the cream on a cake. Of course, you don't have to squeeze out the pattern. -

3. When the plaster is completely dry, it will harden, pick it up from the ground and send it to the criminal evidence testing laboratory. -

The same method can be used to preserve shoe prints on soft ground and bite marks on food. -

How to Track Your Footprints-

Although some of the footprints are barefoot, the most common ones are shoe prints. The backs of the shoes all look similar. But a closer look reveals that each of them has its own characteristics. Even if the same shoe is made in large quantities by a machine, it has its own characteristics of wear and tear depending on the way the person wearing it walks. And their shoe prints are also different. -

The Approach to Taking Footprints-

The footprints are surrounded by aluminum plates around the footprints that are sunken in the ground, and then the gypsum liquid dissolved in water is poured into the water to solidify in about 30 minutes, and then gently removed to obtain the shape of the footprints. -

When taking footprints on the floor or roof tiles, they are also transferred by pressing gelatin paper on them, as in the case of fingerprints. -

Celluloid solution is also sometimes used to take footprints. After about two hours, it freezes. Thus celluloid is formed. When the membrane is gently placed flat on the footprint, the footprint is imprinted on the membrane. -

Footprints on woolen cloth or mats are rubbed on the cloth with a celluloid board to generate static electricity, and then the board is pressed on the footprints, so that the board can absorb the dust on the footprints, so that footprints are formed. -

Footprints on the snow, since once the snow melts, the footprints are gone, so the gypsum liquid must wait until the same temperature as the snow before it can be filled. -

Identification of Footprints-

1. From the jagged carvings and logos on the heel, you can determine the type of shoe and the manufacturer. -

2. From the size of the feet and the width of the steps, you can distinguish between men and women, and even height and body type. -

3. The weight of the prisoner can be judged by the depth of the footprints on the soft ground or on the snow. If you weigh more, your footprints will be deeper. -

4. If it is a barefoot footprint, you can know the pattern of his foot. -

5. From the wear of the soles, you can know the way he walks and his occupation. -

How to do an autopsy-

Remember to take notes during the autopsy and take pictures of what you find. -

1. Wear protective clothing and masks. -

2. Carefully observe the appearance of the body, paying particular attention to wounds such as abrasions, needle sticks, etc., as wounds on the arms and hands may indicate that the deceased resisted the killer when he was killed. -

3. Measure the weight and length of the corpse. -

4. Open the body of the deceased, remove the lungs, heart, brain, liver and other organs, and examine these organs one by one, carefully looking for suspicious places. -

5. Remove the contents of the stomach and send it to the laboratory for further testing. -

6. Collect samples of skin, hair, blood, and other tissues of the body and send them to a laboratory for further testing. -

7. Finally, put everything back in place and stitch up the body

1. Find someone you think has been poisoned, the characteristics of poisoning include:-

*Stomach Pain-

*Trembling all over the body-

*Feeling nauseous-

*Like a serious illness-

*Diarrhoea-

*Constipation-

*Collapse-

*Death-

2. Ask for a blood sample of the deceased, pour the blood into the test tube, add a special liquid called extraction solvent to the blood, and then insert a plug into the mouth of the test tube. -

3. Place the test tube on the micro-high-speed centrifuge and open the centrifuge (a centrifuge is a machine that rotates at high speed to separate substances of different densities). -

4. When the centrifuge is turned, the extraction solvent will absorb those things that do not belong to the blood, such as toxins, and rise to the top of the test tube, while the heavier blood will sink to the bottom. -

5. Test the solvent to see what kind of poison it contains, usually, toxicologists will first analyze its composition to see what substances it contains when identifying an unknown poison. To do this, they use different science and technology, including chromatography.

Waste firewood _second

Cause of death and its characteristics-

1. Suffocation-

That is, death due to respiratory acontinuation. For example, hanging, strangulation, drowning, etc. -

This type of corpse will have the following characteristics:-

(1) The face turns purple; -

(2) proptosis of the eyeball; -

(3) There will be bleeding spots on the eyeballs and the inside of the face. That is, the kind of small spots that have been bitten by a flea; -

(4) Because it is very painful, the tongue will stick out between the teeth; -

(5) Urine and urine will be excreted from the body. -

2. Death from Serious Injuries-

That is, being cut, cut, or stabbed with a knife blade, or being struck with a blunt object. As long as you look at the wound, you can roughly guess what kind of murder weapon was killed. And they often guess eight or nine from ten. -

3. Poisoning-

In the event of death caused by inhalation of gas or the exhaust fumes of a car, red spots appear on the surface of the corpse. The base of the nail will also turn red rose. -

Poisoned corpses, in addition to red spots, will also have the taste of almonds in the mouth. -

4. Shot and killed-

Judging by the wounds on the corpse, it is clear where the bullets entered and where they came out. And from the point of view of shooting, you can roughly guess where the murderer shot from. -

5. Electrocution-

The human body dies instantly when exposed to extremely strong electric currents. On the body that has been electrocuted, the part that has been electrocuted will show a branch-like red marking, which is called the electric light pattern. Changes in the corpse-

1. Cooling-

After death, as time passes, the body temperature will continue to drop. Finally, it becomes the same as the surrounding temperature. -

It drops by about 1 degree per hour in winter, 0.5 degrees in summer, and 0.7 degrees in spring and autumn. However, when it drops to about 25 degrees, it cools down more slowly. -

And fat and thin people also cool down at a slightly different rate. -

2. Corpse Spots-

There are countless blood vessels flowing in the human body, so when you die, the flow of blood stops. The blood stopped flowing, and soon due to the gravity of the earth, reddish-purple spots appeared on the skin of the underneath part of the corpse. -

Judging from the appearance of the corpse spots, you can know the approximate time of death. -

3. Stiffness-

The corpse hardens little by little over time. -

4. Decay-

As soon as the corpse ceased to stiffen, it gradually began to decay with a putrid smell, and the internal organs bulged out, and then the decay disappeared, after which only the bones remained. -

However, the rate of decay varies greatly depending on the state. Bodies placed in the air decay the fastest, bodies placed in water are twice as slow, and corpses buried in the ground are eight times slower. -

Mosquitoes and flies often breed on the corpses. -

Therefore, judging from the size of these larvae, it is possible to infer the approximate time of death.

Height (cm) = Footprint length (cm) × 6.876

"A person's height, nine times out of ten, can be known from the length of his steps." A Study of Scarlet Letters--Sherlock Holmes Detectives

Thigh bone length = (height - 61.7207±2.1756) ÷ 2.4378

Calf bone length = (height - 54.2522±1.9214) ÷ 1.4294 - (thigh bone length)

Humerus length = (height - 81.5155±2.8903) ÷ 2.8131

weight

Generally speaking, fat people have smoother bone surfaces, while thin people have rougher bone surfaces.

gender

- Generally speaking, men's bones are heavy and thick, while women's bones are lighter and thinner.

healthy

The shrillity of the steps and the uneven distance between the footprints indicate that the offender may be exhausted or injured

The high cadmium content in the hair means that the person is a big smoker.

Children with polyuria have low levels of chromium in their hair.

People with schizophrenia have low levels of cadmium and manganese in their hair, while high levels of aluminum and iron.

Malnourished children have low levels of zinc in their hair.

looks

The skull is smooth, indicating a fat head and big ears before death; the width of the mouth, which corresponds to the width between the second premolars on the left and right sides; The maxillary alveolar lordosis is protruding, indicating that the deceased's lips were thicker before his death; The length of the ear is about the same as the length of the nose, and the width is exactly half the length of .......

If each toe is spread apart, the person is often barefoot. ---- "Sherlock Holmes"

Time of death

People usually begin to stiffen within 30~2 hours after death, and the whole body will stiffen after 9~12 hours. Stiffness will persist for the next 30 hours, then soften, and return to its original state after about 70 hours. Normally, this is true, but if the ambient temperature is above 35 degrees, the stiffness and softening will accelerate, and it will only take 24 hours to recover. After strenuous exercise before death, the protein is more likely to solidify in the body, and it will stiffen faster than usual after death.

If the corpse is buried in the soil so that the body cannot come into contact with the air, the corpse will decay at 1/8 the rate of normal, and it will be slower in water.

Generally, if a person has been missing for more than seven years, it is confirmed that he has died, and if a person has disappeared due to a natural disaster or disaster, he has been confirmed dead for more than a year.

If there is strenuous exercise before death, generally speaking, the impact on the mortis will not be too great, generally 1-2 hours, but it will have a greater impact on the autolysis of tissues, and those who have had strenuous exercise will have much faster tissue autolysis than those who have not exercised.

How is the stage of mortisation determined?

The general order of occurrence and development of mortis is as follows, that is, the head and face > the body > limbs, and then the whole body is stiffened, and then relieved by the order of head > feet. If you find that your neck is soft, but your body joints are still stiff, it means that you have entered a period of remission. In other cases, and so on.

1. Early cadaveric phenomenon

(1) The corpse is fresh, the cornea is transparent, and there are no corpse spots and zombies - within 1 hour;

(2) The corpse spots are shallow, and the corpse spots disappear when pressed with the fingers; Zombie mortis only appears in the jaw and neck joints - 2~3 hours;

(3) the corpse stiffness extends to the upper limbs, and can reappear after artificial destruction; Change the position of the corpse, the original corpse spot disappears, and the new lower part appears corpse spot; The cornea sometimes has white spots - 4~5 hours;

(4) The corpse spots cannot be eliminated by finger compression, and the body position is changed, the original corpse spots cannot disappear, and the corpse spots appear in the new low parts are not obvious; stiff corpse; The cornea is patchy and opaque - 7~8 hours;

(5) The corpse spots have entered the fixed period of diffusion; Mortis has progressed to the whole body - 10~12 hours;

(6) corpse green appeared on the right lower abdominal wall; Rigor mortis begins to subside - 24 hours;

(7) Lower limb stiffness is also relieved, and the cornea is completely clouded - 48 hours;

(8) Giant view - 2~4 days.

2. Corpse temperature

(1) Within 10 hours after death, drop 1°C per hour;

(2) More than 10 hours after death, it will drop by 0.5°C per hour.

3. The phenomenon of late cadavers

(1) Adult mummification (dried corpse) - about 3 months.

(2) Ossification of corpses on the ground - several months ~ 1 year;

(3) Complete disappearance of soft tissues of corpses - 3~5 years;

(4) Ossification of corpses in the soil - 3~5 years;

(5) Bone dryness and brittleness - 10~15 years.