Singularity said: "Actually, in a sense, they have succeeded. Pen ~ fun ~ Pavilion www.biquge.info remember what I said earlier about the evaluation criteria for success? ”

Lu Ze nodded: "You said that as long as life is born in the virtual world, it will be considered a success." But...... If human intervention creates life in the virtual world, rather than being born 'naturally', it doesn't prove this ultimate question at all, right? ”

Singularity said: "Indeed, directly modifying the material information in the virtual world to make a life appear out of thin air is the easiest and easiest way to intervene. But by human intervention, I don't mean directly modifying the virtual world, or even directly controlling the movement of atoms and molecules in the virtual world, forcing them to piece together a single life. Rather, it refers to the fact that the probabilities in the quantum process are only controlled, and the molecules in the virtual world are put together to form a life without violating any laws of physics. ”

"But is it 'natural' that life is thus generated?" Tianhuo wondered.

Singularity said: "Although this is undoubtedly 'unnatural' to us, for an observer in the virtual world, if such an observer really exists, how would it see it?" ”

"I see." Tianhuo said, "We can't prove whether the collapse result of the quantum random process in the real universe will be interfered with by some unknown being, so as long as we think that the randomness in the real universe is 'natural', then the virtual world that we have interfered with is still 'natural'." ”

"They're once again challenging the objective reality of the physical world." Lu Ze lamented, "EPR experiments have proved that 'locality' and 'reality' cannot exist at the same time, and finally 'reality' is abandoned, and quantum entanglement cannot be used for faster-than-light communication, which has become a recognized conclusion." But as long as we accept that quantum random processes can be determined by humans, then faster-than-light communication will once again be possible. ”

Singularity said: "That's right, although in the real universe we can't jump out of the quantum random process in the universe outside the universe to control the universe, and we can't really deny the objective reality of the real universe, but at least, in this virtual world, faster-than-light communication has been realized." ”

Tianhuo sighed and said, "Although these experiments may sound lofty, unfortunately, they don't really prove any useful conclusions. ”

Countercurrent smiled: "Actually, in my opinion, there is no difference between this virtual universe and the game world of the 'Dream Tower', they are all playing, but the way the people of the 'Pioneer House' play is more high-minded. ”

Singularity said: "You are not wrong to think so, there are many very interesting experiments in this virtual world, but except for the experiment to verify whether the universe will definitely give birth to life, the other experiments are of no practical significance." ”

"Oh? What other experiments are there? Lu Ze said curiously.

Singularity said: "Although we can observe the virtual world from the outside world, for the virtual universe itself, it does not exchange matter or energy with the outside world, so it is an isolated system, right?" ”

Lu Ze said: "That's right, just like our universe can be regarded as an isolated system, although the virtual world is small, it is also a complete universe, so it is an isolated system." ”

Singularity said: "Since it is an isolated system, then it obviously satisfies the principle of entropy increase, right?" ”

Lu Ze nodded.

Singularity said: "Now if we fill this virtual universe with gas, then this universe will soon reach a state of 'heat death', right?" ”

Lu Ze nodded again, the so-called "heat death" means that the entire universe reaches thermal equilibrium, and the total entropy value reaches a maximum, and from then on, the entire universe will no longer have a thermal transfer.

Singularity said: "Now we use a 'membrane' to divide the universe into two parts, and the gas molecules in the universe will pass through this 'membrane' after colliding with the 'membrane', but the process of passing through is a quantum process, that is, whether a molecule will pass through it is completely random." ”

Lu Ze immediately knew what Singularity wanted to say.

Sure enough, Singularity continued: "Now, we are standing outside the virtual world and controlling this random process, so that only gas molecules with velocity greater than a certain value can pass through the outside of the 'membrane', and at the same time, only gas molecules with a velocity less than a certain value can penetrate from the inside of the 'membrane' to the outside, so what will happen?" ”

"The total entropy of the universe has decreased."

"Huh?" Lu Ze suddenly felt that this experiment was a little familiar, and thought for a while: "Isn't this the Maxwell Demon?" ”

"Maxwell's Demon" is a thought experiment proposed by Maxwell, the physicist who founded classical electrodynamics and established Maxwell's equations, to refute the second law of thermodynamics.

Maxwell envisioned a shadowless spirit, later known as the "Maxwell", which sits at a gate in a box that allows fast particles to pass through the gate to one side of the box, and slow particles to reach the other side of the box. In this way, after a period of time, a temperature difference occurs on both sides of the box.

At that time, Maxwell was aware of the existence of an energy control mechanism in nature that antagonized the increase in entropy, but he could not clearly explain this mechanism, and could only assume that there was a kind of "demon" that could assign particles in random thermal motion to a certain phase according to a certain order and rules. In fact, Maxwell's demon is a prototype of a dissipative structure.

"It's different." Singularity said, "There is a flaw in Maxwell's thought experiment, that is, in order to control the shuttle of molecules, the spirit itself needs to consume energy, and this energy can only be provided by the outside world. So Maxwell only proved that entropy in open systems could be reduced, but did not really deny the principle of entropy increase in isolated systems. In the experiment in the virtual world, although we control the quantum process of particles passing through the 'membrane', in this control process, the isolated universe in the virtual world does not exchange any matter or energy with the outside world. ”

"In other words, if we can really control this random process in the real world, both the theory of relativity and the second law of thermodynamics will be overturned."

"That's right." Lu Ze suddenly asked, "Singularity, how do you know so much about the experiments conducted by the 'Pioneer House' in the virtual world?" ”

"These experiments are all done in my head, do you think I don't know?" Singularity's tone was a little helpless.

"......" Lu Ze was speechless for a while, he almost forgot that Singularity's previous identity was the supercomputer Tian Yuan, and the main experimental devices of the 'Pioneer House' are now placed on the moon, and it is normal that this virtual world will be handed over to the supercomputer Tian Yuan to be in charge. (To be continued.) )