Chapter 135: Tea Culture (II)
Yue Haohan listened to Ye Yunqing's evaluation of the tea he brought, and lost no time in inviting Ye Yunqing, saying, Mr. Ye, listen to your words, it is better to read a book for ten years; I have a reluctant request, I don't know if Mr. Ye will be able to appreciate the light?
Ye Yunqing looked at Yue Haohan, had already guessed Yue Haohan's intentions, smiled, and said, young man, do you want me to go to your place to inspect this tea, if you don't invite it, I am also going to take time to investigate. I am first and foremost a businessman, and businessmen are profit-seeking, and as long as it is profitable, I will come uninvited.
After tasting the tea brought by Yue Haohan, Ye Yunqing instructed the cheongsam girl to give a few high-quality "big red robes" to the pot, so that a few people can experience the taste of this "king of tea".
The cheongsam girl answered, then went to the tea cabinet, took out a delicate tea box containing tea leaves, and arrived at the tea table, began to operate, make tea, Ye Yunqing smiled, and introduced, my big red robe is different from the general big red robe, this tea can only be processed and made a few catties a year, and it can't be bought on the market.
Ye Yunqing's words, Yue Haohan and Cheng Ziying opened their mouths wide, Yue Haohan looked at Ye Yunqing and asked, Mr. Ye, that catty is 180,000? Ordinary people really can't afford to drink it.
Ye Yunqing smiled and said, young man, you are right, this tea is not drunk by ordinary people, it was a tribute to the emperor in ancient times, and today is also a coincidence, I just have half a catty here, you can enjoy the blessings and feel what kind of tea the ancient emperors drank.
After a pause, Ye Yunqing continued, this big red robe tea tree grows in the rock crevices of Wuyi Mountain, so it is also called Wuyi rock tea. Wuyi rock tea has a long history, according to historical records, since the Tang Dynasty, tea has been cultivated, and it has been used as a gift in the Chinese folk. The Song Dynasty began to be listed as a royal tribute, and the Yuan Dynasty also set up a "baking bureau" and "imperial tea garden" in Wuyi Mountain, specializing in the collection of tribute tea, and the creation of oolong tea in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The tea trees planted in Wuyi Mountain have a wide variety, including the "four famous fir trees" of Dahongpao, Iron Arhat, White Rooster Comb and Water Golden Turtle, in addition to the tea tree growth environment, such as not seeing the sky, golden keys, etc.; Named after the shape of the tea tree, such as drunken begonia, drunken dongbin, fishing golden turtle, anchovy grass, jade unicorn, a branch of incense, etc.; Named after the leaf shape of the tea tree, such as melon seed gold, money, bamboo silk, golden wicker, inverted leaf willow, etc.; It is named after the early or late germination time of the tea tree, such as Yingchun willow, unknown spring, etc.; It is named after the tea flavor type, such as cinnamon, stone frankincense, white musk, etc. During the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Wuyi rock tea began to be exported to Western Europe, North America and Nanyang countries. At that time, Europeans used to call it Wuyi tea, as a general term for Chinese tea.
The cheongsam girl soaked the "big red robe" and gave everyone a cup, Yue Haohan took the cup, smelled it, and the aroma was refreshing; Raised his eyes and looked at Ye Yunqing, only to see Ye Yunqing holding a teacup, and after inhaling, he took a deep breath out of his nose and said, you are also like me, only in this way can you smell the faint aroma of this "big red robe".
Everyone smelled the aroma and tasted it, the tea soup was sweet and smooth, Ye Yunqing put down the teacup and said, there is a legend about the "Da Hong Pao" tea.
In the eighteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Ding Xian went to Beijing to take the exam, suddenly got sick when passing through Wuyi Mountain, the abdominal pain was unbearable, and he happened to meet a monk in Tianxin Yongle Temple, and the monk took the tea he had in his possession to drink with him, and the pain stopped.
After Ding Xian won the top prize, he came to thank the monk and asked about the origin of the tea, and after learning about it, he took off his big red robe and circled the tea bush three times, and draped it on the tea tree, so he got the name of "big red robe". The champion took the big red robe in a tin can and brought it back to the capital.
After Ding Zhuangyuan returned to the court, he happened to meet the queen who was sick, and the hundred doctors were ineffective, so he took out the can of tea and offered it, the queen gradually recovered after drinking, and the emperor was overjoyed, and gave a red robe, and ordered the champion to go to the Nine Dragons in person, draped on the tea tree to show the dragon's grace, and at the same time, specially sent someone to take care of it, and all the tea was collected to pay tribute, and it was not allowed to be hidden. Since then, Wuyi Rock Tea Da Hong Pao has become a tribute tea exclusively for the royal family, and the reputation of Da Hong Pao has also spread to the world.
After Ye Yunqing finished speaking, everyone picked up the teacup again, Yue Haohan took two sips slowly, put down the cup, and said, we Chinese people drink tea, it is said that it began in the Shennong era, not to mention that it has a history of more than 4700 years, the tea culture has accumulated a heavy accumulation, since ancient times, there are customs of people to tea as a gift, the cultural connotation of tea is rich and colorful, with the continuous improvement of living conditions, under the influence of the long-standing tea culture, the market potential of tea is very large, it is worth excavating.
Ye Yunqing took over and said, what is tea culture? Tea culture is the cultural characteristics formed in the process of tea drinking activities, including tea ceremony, tea morality, tea spirit, tea couplet, tea book, tea set, tea painting, tea science, tea story, tea art and so on. The connotation of tea culture is actually a specific manifestation of the connotation of Chinese culture.
After taking another sip of tea, Ye Yunqing went on to say that planting tea and drinking tea does not mean that there is a tea culture, which is only a prerequisite for the formation of tea culture. The "Book of Tea" written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty systematically summarized the experience of tea production and drinking in the Tang Dynasty and before the Tang Dynasty, and put forward the spirit of the tea ceremony of prudence and virtue. A group of cultural people such as Lu Yu and Jiaoran attached great importance to the spiritual enjoyment and moral norms of tea drinking, paid attention to tea drinking utensils, tea drinking water and the art of boiling tea, and blended with Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhist philosophical thoughts, so as to gradually enable people to enter their spiritual realm.
Listening to Ye Yunqing's high talk about tea culture, Yue Haohan couldn't help but nodded, raised his eyes and looked at the four words "Tea Tasting and Enlightenment" on the wall behind Ye Yunqing's desk, and said, in fact, the essence of tea culture is "tea ceremony".
Ye Yunqing looked at Yue Haohan with appreciative eyes, and said, That's right, the tea ceremony belongs to the oriental culture. The difference between Eastern culture and Western culture lies in the fact that Oriental culture often does not have a scientific and accurate definition, but relies on individuals to get close to it and understand it with their own understanding. The Chinese tea ceremony appeared very early, but it is a pity that although the Chinese people put forward the concept of "tea ceremony" very early and continued to practice and explore in this field, they have not been able to develop this cause in the name of "tea ceremony" clearly, nor have they standardized the tea ceremony etiquette with traditional significance. The Chinese tea ceremony can be said to focus only on the spirit and light on the form.
Ye Yunqing picked up the teacup, drank the tea soup inside, and then said, Huaxia tea ceremony, pay attention to the unity of heaven and man, respect for people, noble life, sitting and forgetting, selflessness, and Taoism is natural.
Yue Haohan listened carefully, and in the interval between Ye Yunqing's pause, he took over and asked, Mr. Ye, what is the saying of the unity of heaven and man, respect for people, noble life, sitting and forgetting, selflessness, and Taoism in the tea ceremony?
Ye Yunqing said that the unity of heaven and man is because our Chinese tea ceremony has absorbed the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Buddhism emphasizes the "Zen tea taste" to help Zen with tea, to tea to the Buddha, in the tea from the taste of bitterness at the same time, but also in the tea ceremony into the Buddhist Zen machine, this is the tea people to the tea ceremony as a way of self-cultivation, and to achieve the purpose of clear mind. The doctrine of Taoism injected the philosophical idea of "the unity of heaven and man" into the tea ceremony of the tea people, and established the soul of the tea ceremony. At the same time, it also provides the aesthetic concept of advocating nature, advocating simplicity and advocating truth, as well as the ideas of rebirth, noble life and health preservation.
It is precisely because the Taoist Tai Chi philosophy of "the unity of heaven and man" is integrated into the spirit of the tea ceremony, and the hearts of the Chinese tea people are full of incomparable love for nature, so that the Chinese tea people have a strong desire to return to nature and get close to nature.
What is respect? In our Chinese tea ceremony, the idea of respecting people is often expressed in the naming of tea utensils and the understanding of tea. Tea people are accustomed to calling the lid cup with a tray "Sancai Cup". The cup holder is "earth", the lid is "heaven", and the cup is "people". It means that the heavens are great, the earth is great, and the people are greater. If you even serve the cup, tray, and lid of the cup together to taste tea, this method of holding the teacup is called "three talents in one".
What is a noble student? Guisheng is a utilitarian idea that Taoism infuses into the tea ceremony. Under the influence of the Taoist ideas of noble life, health preservation, and happiness, the Chinese tea ceremony pays special attention to the "power of tea", that is, the function of health care and health preservation and the pity-nourishing nature of tea. Taoist tea tasting does not pay attention to too many rules, but starts from the purpose of maintaining health and noble life, and uses tea to boost the internal strength of gongxing to deepen and improve one's cultivation. It can be seen that Taoist tea drinking is different from the worldly people who are enthusiastic about fame and fortune, and people who are greedy for utilitarian fame often have insomnia when drinking tea, which shows that their spiritual realm is too poor. For those who cultivate the Tao, tea is a gift from God to the elixir fairy dew, drinking tea is more energetic, and without drowsiness, it is more able to experience the Tao and realize the Tao, and increase the power and Taoism.
What is sitting and forgetting? "Sitting and forgetting" is a method of meditation proposed by Taoists in order to achieve the realm of "extreme emptiness and tranquility" in the tea ceremony. Influenced by Lao Tzu's thoughts, the Chinese tea ceremony regards "tranquility" as one of the "four truths". How to make yourself feel like you are in the ethereal realm of "no selfishness, no spotlessness, and no delusion" when tasting tea? Taoism also provides a method of meditation for the tea ceremony, which is called "sitting and forgetting", that is, forgetting one's own body, forgetting one's own wisdom, forgetting the troubles and fame of the whole world. The tea ceremony advocates the mutual communication between man and nature, the melting of the boundary between matter and self, and the aesthetic aesthetics of "purifying the mysteries" and "clarifying the taste of the heart", and realizing the cultivation of Taoism to a higher realm through "sitting and forgetting".
What is selflessness? Taoism's attitude of not being bound by fame and fortune, pure nature, and openness is also the way of life of the Chinese tea ceremony. The "selflessness" mentioned by Taoism is the "selflessness" thought pursued in the tea ceremony. Selflessness is not to eliminate the self physically, but to achieve selflessness spiritually, to eliminate the opposition between the self and the object, to achieve harmony with nature and acceptance of all things. "Selflessness" is the highest pursuit of the state of mind in the Chinese tea ceremony.
What is Taoism and Nature? Our Chinese tea ceremony has always emphasized the idea of "Taoism and Nature", which contains three levels: material, behavioral and spiritual. In terms of materiality, the Huaxia Tea Ceremony believes that "tea is the Jiamu of the South". It is the "precious wood spirit bud" gifted by nature, and it must conform to the laws of nature when planting, picking, and making tea to produce good tea. In terms of behavior, the Chinese tea ceremony pays attention to the beauty of nature in tea activities, the beauty of simplicity, the movement of clouds and water, quiet as the mountain rock, laughter is like spring flowers blooming, words are like mountain springs, a raise of hand, a foot, a smile should come from nature, let the heart, no artificiality. In terms of spirituality, Taoism is natural, emphasizing the need to return to simplicity and returning to the truth, which is manifested in the complete liberation of one's own mind, so that one's state of mind can be quiet, tranquil, lonely, and inactive, so that one's soul permeates with the fragrance of tea, so that oneself seems to merge with the universe and sublimate to the highest state of "selflessness".
Tasting the big red robe and listening to Ye Yunqing's eloquent talk, Yue Haohan seemed to have taken a wonderful tea culture class, and secretly admired Ye Yunqing's erudition, thinking to himself, no wonder Ye Yunqing's tea business is so big, he has completely integrated the entire Chinese tea culture into his thoughts and life.
The cheongsam girl has brewed the big red robe in the purple clay pot eight times, but the tea soup poured into the cup is still fragrant and refreshing, and the entrance is smooth, Cheng Ziying, who was sitting next to Yue Haohan, took a sip of the teacup again, and couldn't help asking, Mr. Ye, I often hear that the general number of tea brews is usually about eight bubbles, and after eight bubbles, there is no taste.
Ye Yunqing glanced at Cheng Ziying and said, girl, this big red robe tea, those who are sweet and smooth in the mouth are good tea, and those who are bitter, astringent, numb, and sour are bad tea. The tea soup has no texture, and the thin one is the inferior product. The severity of the bitter and astringent taste of Dahongpao often determines the quality of Dahongpao tea. In terms of brewing times, it is usually about eight bubbles, and more than eight bubbles are better. Good tea has "seven bubbles and eight bubbles with aftertaste, nine bubbles and ten bubbles with aftertaste." Our tea today is brewed more than a dozen bubbles, and it still has an endless aftertaste.
Ye Yunqing picked up the teacup in front of him, drank it together, put down the cup, and then said, drinking tea, tasting tea, the highest level of tea art is the tea ceremony. Our Chinese tea ceremony is composed of four elements: environment, etiquette, tea art, and practice.
First of all, the environment, the tea ceremony is a tea event carried out in a certain environment, the tea ceremony is particularly particular about the selection and creation of the environment, aiming to cultivate and purify people's minds through the environment, so it needs an environment that is consistent with the requirements of the tea ceremony. The environment in which the tea ceremony is held is not arbitrary or casual, but is carefully selected or created. If we drink tea on the side of the road today, we will not be in a state of mind. There are three types of environment for the tea ceremony, one is the natural environment, such as the bamboo under the pine, the side of the stream by the spring, and the stone in the forest. The second is the man-made environment, such as the monk's monastery, pavilions, painting boats, water pavilions, study rooms, and living rooms. The third is the ad hoc environment, that is, the tea room dedicated to tea ceremony activities.
Then there is the etiquette in the tea ceremony, the tea ceremony activities are to follow a certain etiquette to carry out, etiquette is politeness, etiquette, etiquette, law is the norm, law. Etiquette is a conventional code of conduct, a gesture, attitude, language, and action that expresses friendliness and respect. The etiquette of the tea ceremony consists of etiquette, etiquette, and courtesy between the host and the guest, and between the guest and the guest. The law of tea ceremony is a series of norms and laws in the whole process of tea ceremony, involving some regulations between people, people and things, and things and things, such as position, order, action, language, posture, appearance, appearance, etc. The rituals of the tea ceremony have benefited from the changes of the times, and the rituals vary from school to school, but some of the basic rituals are relatively fixed.
There is also the art of tea, the art of tea that is to drink tea, the art of tea has five major links: preparing utensils, selecting water, taking fire, waiting for soup, and learning tea. Secondly, the main tea set is divided, and the tea art can be divided into pot tea art, gongfu tea art, gaiwan tea art, glass cup tea art, and gongfu tea art. Tea art is the foundation and carrier of the tea ceremony, and it is a necessary condition for the tea ceremony. The tea ceremony is inseparable from the tea art, the tea ceremony depends on the tea art, and the tea art has no tea ceremony. The connotation of tea art is smaller than that of tea ceremony, but the extension of tea art is greater than that of tea ceremony. The art of tea can exist independently of the tea ceremony, and as an art, the art of tea can be performed on stage. Therefore, it is okay to perform a tea ceremony or a tea ceremony, but it is not appropriate to say that a tea ceremony is performed or a tea ceremony. Because, the tea ceremony is for people to practice, not for others to see, but the performance is the tea art rather than the tea ceremony.
Finally, there is practice, which is the foundation of the tea ceremony and the purpose of the tea ceremony. The practice of the Chinese tea ceremony is "double cultivation of life", which is to cultivate the mind, to cultivate life is to cultivate the body, and to cultivate life is to cultivate the body and mind. Life cultivation, self-cultivation, also known as health preservation, lies in dispelling illness and strengthening the body, prolonging life; Cultivation and cultivation of the mind lie in the ambition and morality, the pleasantness of the feelings, and the clear insight. The dual cultivation of life in the tea ceremony is finally implemented in the exhaustion of life.