31 Conclaves of the Imperial Court
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On the eighth day of the fourth month of the eighth year of Xianfeng (May 20, 1858), the British and French forces raided the Dagu Fort. Just when the defenders of the fort were fighting fiercely with the British and French forces, Tan Tingxiang, the governor of Zhili, fled from the battle, which caused the fighting spirit of the fort defenders to plummet.
Due to the backward weapons and poor defense of the Qing army, the Dagu Fort, which was related to the safety of the Beijing Division, was immediately lost, and the Dagu Pass was occupied by the British and French forces. After that, the combined Anglo-French fleet went up the Baihe River unimpeded, and went straight to Tianjin, and threatened to attack Beijing. The Qing court was powerless to resist and was bent on peace.
Guiliang, a scholar of the Imperial Mission, and Hua Shana, a minister of the Ministry of Ministers, who went to Tianjin to negotiate peace, retreated step by step under the coercion of the invaders, and even left behind Xianfeng's edict on trying to stop the British and French ministers.
It fully accepted the demands of Britain, France, Russia, and the United States, and signed the "Sino-Russian Treaty of Tianjin," the "Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin," the "Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin," and the "Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin."
The British and French governments were not satisfied with the many privileges they had seized from the Treaty of Tientsin, and deliberately took advantage of the opportunity of the treaty exchange to provoke war again. On June 20, 1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng), British Minister Pruss, French Minister Bourblon and American Minister John Warren each led a fleet to Dagu Pass, and on the 25th, they suddenly attacked the Dagu Fort again.
The Qing army fought back bravely and inflicted heavy losses on the invaders. Annoyed and angry, the British and French invaders reappointed Ergin and Gro as plenipotentiaries respectively, leading 18,000 LinkedIn troops, about 7,000 French troops, and 200 ships to China to expand the war of aggression.
In 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), the British and French forces went north again, occupied Zhoushan in April, entered Jinzhou and Yantai in May and June, and entered Tianjin
Emperor Xianfeng urgently ordered Prince Yi Zaiyuan, together with Guiliang, a scholar of the university, and Mu Yin, a scholar of the military department, to seek peace with Britain and France again. On 29 July, the British sent Pasha Li and Wei Tuma to Tongzhou, and Zaiyuan immediately went to Dongyue Temple to meet them, and debated with them repeatedly for more than eight hours until midnight.
On the 2nd day of the first month of August, the British and French invaders gained an inch and sent British and French envoys to meet with Zaiyuan at Dongyue Temple. During the talks, Pashali's attitude was very arrogant, and he shouted loudly to bring troops into Beijing, meet the emperor, and personally hand over the credentials.
Zaiyuan believes that it is a matter of national system, and it is difficult to allow it. On the third day of the first lunar month, Pa Xiali put forward an unreasonable request for the Qing army to withdraw from Zhangjiawan, but the words were unruly, but Zaiyuan refused, and the negotiations broke down.
Jae-won immediately informed Sushun. Su Shun immediately ordered the monk Lingqin to intercept Pasha Li and escort him to the capital. Xianfeng listened to Su Shun's advice on waiting for the main battle, and when the peace could not be negotiated, he had to resist hard, and once again ordered a decisive battle with the British and French forces.
On the seventh day of the eighth month of the tenth year of Xianfeng (September 21, 1860), the Battle of Bali Bridge broke out. Bali Bridge is the main road leading from Tongzhou to Beijing, and the Qing court believes that this battle is related to the safety of the capital, the honor and disgrace of the Son of Heaven, and the fate of the country.
On the one hand, the Qing Dynasty, which has thousands of years of tradition and uses cold weapons such as knives, spears, bows and arrows, is invincible in the world; On the one hand, after the modern industrial revolution, the British and French modern armies with artillery as the core.
At this time, the Qing army has been forced to have no way out, but how can flesh and blood withstand the rain of bullets and bullets of the British and French forces? These warriors of the Qing Dynasty fell in a pool of blood one after another, the deputy capital commander Shengbao was shot, wounded and fell off his horse, the whole army suffered heavy casualties, the Qing army was defeated on all fronts, and the British and French troops were in the city.
This battle clearly exposed the Qing Dynasty's external strength and middle cadres, and in terms of weaponry, equipment, training, and command, the Qing army lagged behind the armies of the great powers by a whole era. In such a disparity of power, how impractical it is to rely solely on loyalty, bravery, and hand-to-hand combat to try to achieve victory.
On the night when he was shocked to hear of the defeat of Bali Bridge, Emperor Xianfeng held a secret meeting of the palace and asked several times restlessly: "What should I do now・・・・・・ everyone did not dare to answer. After being silent for a while, Xianfeng pointed at Su Shun and asked: "It is you who are the main battle, you are the one who wants to fight, and you are also the one who talks about peace. ”
Su Shun knelt on the ground and didn't dare to raise his head, and said: "Your Majesty, now I see that the Yiren are about to enter the capital・・・・・・"
"I know, I don't need to say it."
"The slave thinks that the emperor can hunt Mulan and go north to Rehe・・・・・・"
"Are you asking me to give up the capital to those Yi people?" As he spoke, Xianfeng blocked his chest in one breath and spit out blood.
Cui Yugui was shocked and shouted, "Quickly pass on the imperial doctor・・・・・・
Xianfeng rested in the Dongnuan Pavilion for a while, "Your Majesty, how are you feeling?" Concubine Yi knew that something had happened to the emperor, and she didn't care about so many rules, so she hurriedly ran to the Heart Cultivation Palace.
"I am ashamed of my ancestors, and I am ashamed of the Qing Dynasty!" As he spoke, tears fell.
The courtiers who had been kneeling outside were relieved when they saw that Xianfeng had eased up!
"Your Majesty, are they still outside?" Concubine Yi asked.
"I know, let them disperse first, let me think about it."
This night decided the fate of the Qing Dynasty, but it made the history of a woman.
"If I leave, who will guard the capital and deal with the Yi people?" Xianfeng has been thinking about this tricky question.
Concubine Yi had already learned all the information from Cui Yugui, and when she saw that Xianfeng Coke Oven was uneasy, she said: "The concubine thinks of a person, I don't know if I can say it?" ”
"Concubine Ai knows my thoughts best, but she can't guard against it."
"Prince Gong, how's it going?"
"He ???" Xianfeng almost forgot about him.