Desire~Desire~

All animals in the world have one of the most primitive and basic instincts. It is an indispensable need for the existence of all animals www.biquge.info that is, survival and existence.

From a human point of view, it is a little more complicated, for human beings, desire can be a kind of human nature to achieve a certain goal, or it can be a kind of desire and satisfaction from the mind to the body.

Philosophers studied the word "desire" for 3,000 years, and by the end of the 19th century, under the leadership of the German scholar Wundt, it was established as an independent discipline - psychology - from speculative philosophy.

Early anthropologists regarded desire as a beast of prey, among which Zhu Xi, a 12th-century thinker of the Chinese Federation, relied on the "Book of Rites and Musical Records" that "those who are humanized into things destroy the principles of heaven and the poor are also those who want." So there is rebellion and deceit, and there are sexual immorality. In one sentence, he put forward the ideological viewpoint of "preserving the principles of heaven and destroying people's desires".

He divided human desires into two levels: "Heavenly Principles" and "Human Desires", of which "Heavenly Principles" refers to the basic needs of human survival; And "human desire" is beyond the basic needs of human desires, such as selfish desires, greed, etc. Zhu Xi's proposition is to be rational and insightful, and people are blinded by their own selfish desires, so they can't see their true face, so they can't understand the truth of heaven and earth; And in order to experience and find the common principle of all things, we must get rid of people's selfish desires.

Such a naïve dualistic view, which is easy to understand, has influenced the Chinese Federation for nearly 800 years.

However, it is precisely because it is too easy to understand that it will be used by some Taoists or false Taoists. Originally, the philosophical idea of "human desire should have a degree" was only emphasized, but under the unauthorized tampering of some people, the scope of "heavenly principles" was infinitely narrowed, and the scope of "human desires" was infinitely expanded, which was restrictive and eventually became a shackle that imprisoned people's thoughts. It has become a tool to satisfy their own selfishness.

Coincidentally, in the West in the same era, people completed the same ideological imprisonment as Cheng Zhu Lixue in the form of religion - the Dark Middle Ages (476 - 1500 years).

The study of human desires has since come to a standstill, and in the East new research has been suppressed by the dominant powers of science, while in the West philosophy has been forgotten.

The only thing people can sing about is the majesty of God.

And human desire, that is our innate original sin!

Dark!

Dark!

The darkness that negates human desires has ruled the West for almost a thousand years! It was not until 1321 that the Italian poet Dante completed his epic masterpiece The Divine Comedy, which vaguely revealed the dawn of the revival of humanist thought.

But it's just the light of day。。。。。。

Man was created by God, and since this is the case, the desires of man, which is reduced to evil itself by filibrism, are in fact created by God. Therefore, if people strive to satisfy their desires, it should be said that they are not contrary to God's teachings, and even that they are in line with God's purpose when he created man! ”

The poet who uttered this cry ended up being burned at the stake in the Inquisition.

The real change came in the 17th century, after the Renaissance. After the turmoil of the Reformation, Catholicism could no longer stand up to the rising thinkers of the Enlightenment.

For man, the study of man himself is once again flourishing.

Are personal desires really wrong? Is human lust really God's original sin punishing us?

According to Christian doctrine, human desire is man's original sin itself. Christianity advocated the suppression of human desires, but this containment became the suppression of human freedom itself, and the thousand-year-old darkness caused by the linguistic hegemony of faithism not only caused great suffering to the people at that time, but also curbed the possibility of human progress.

So the Enlightenment thinkers rose up against it. From the Renaissance to the discovery of science, it can be said that it is the "evil" of human desire that provides a rare impetus for the development and progress of mankind.

But if there are no norms and restrictions on human desires, will the world still be the world?

Christianity and theology say that human desire is an "evil" in a sense that it cannot be miscalculated.

To say that "human desire" is the driving force of historical development is not to ask people to worship evil and to do all kinds of evil. However, from the premise that human desires are also created by God, it is difficult to draw a positive, constructive value system, and its direct conclusion is only infinite indulgence.

Human desires are evil, but they are not just evil. Human desire also embodies human freedom or free will. However, unrestrained indulgence will only lead to self-destruction.

Although the linguistic hegemony of belief has imprisoned people's freedom, at least it has a positive effect, that is, it embodies the basic moral requirements of human beings and maintains the basic order that is indispensable for human social life.

But when the Enlightenment destroyed the foundations of beliefism, how to re-establish this basic order of human life, the basic moral values, became an urgent task for thinkers.

And with that comes humanism, or rationalism.

The person mentioned in humanism is the "rational person", and the rationality mentioned in rationalism is the rationality of the person.

Or, to put it more clearly, when we affirm that man is the basis of value, reason is the essence of man, and when we affirm that rationalism is the highest law of value, this rationality is in fact man himself.

Reason and man are actually the same thing, just two sides of the same principle.

At this point, mankind has only broken free from the shackles of religion, but there is still a long way to go before they can treat human desires correctly and scientifically.

Husserl, Kant, Freud, William Dilthey, Jean-Paul Sartre。。。。。

Phenomenology, Personalism, Spiritualism, Existentialism。。。。。

In the process of human beings studying their own behavior, countless scholars and countless schools of thought have been born。。。。。

And the real culmination of scientific methods is the Brittan scholar - Abraham Maslow and his creation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs!

Under his theory, human beings have a clear understanding of their own desires for the first time, because this understanding is not limited to the ethereal philosophical category, but is more popular, more understandable, and more effective in guiding human activities in the field of sociology, economics, and even microeconomics, which motivates human beings to move forward.

Through Maslow's research, human beings have discovered that there are five levels of human needs (human desires).

Level 1: Physiological needs

respiration, water, food, sleep, physiological balance, secretion, sexuality; If any of these needs (except sex) are not met, the physiology of the individual human being cannot function properly.

In other words, human life is threatened. In this sense, physiological needs are the primary motivation for people's actions.

Only when these most basic needs have been satisfied to the extent necessary for subsistence can other needs become new motivators, at which point these relatively satisfied needs cease to be motivators.

Level 2: Security needs

Human beings as an organic whole are a mechanism for the pursuit of security, and human receptors, effector organs, intelligence and other energies are mainly tools for seeking security, and even science and outlook on life can be regarded as part of satisfying security needs.

Personal safety, health security, resource ownership, property ownership, moral security, job security, family security, when all these can be guaranteed, people can live with dignity!

Level 3: Emotions and the need to belong

Everyone wants to be related and cared for. Emotional needs are more nuanced than physical needs, and they are related to a person's physical characteristics, experiences, education, and religious beliefs.

Level 4: The need for respect

The need for respect can be further divided into internal respect and external respect. Internal respect refers to a person's desire to be competent, competent, confident, and independent in a variety of situations.

In short, internal respect is the self-esteem of a person. External respect refers to a person's desire to have status, prestige, and to be respected, trusted, and highly valued by others. Maslow believed that respecting the need to be satisfied makes people feel confident in themselves, passionate about society, and experienced the usefulness of their lives.

Level 5: The need for self-actualization

It refers to the realization of personal ideals and ambitions, the use of personal ability to the greatest extent, to achieve the state of self-realization, to accept oneself and others, to enhance the ability to solve problems, to improve consciousness, to be good at independent things, to be undisturbed alone, to complete everything commensurate with one's ability.

That is, people must do a good job in order to make them feel the greatest happiness. Maslow suggested that the path taken to meet the need for self-actualization varies from person to person. The need for self-actualization is to strive to realize one's potential and to become more and more the person you want to be.

The five needs are like a ladder from low to high, ascending from level to level, but this order is not completely fixed and can be varied, and there are various exceptions.

For example, physiological needs and safety needs.

Some people may think that it is possible to stabilize society by satisfying physical needs, but they can only say that their ideas are too superficial and simplistic.

Especially in modern society, even in developed societies, turmoil can still occur. With the national power of the EU, with the national power of Brittana, can't all the citizens be fed?

Yes, of course, in fact, in some EU countries, there are not a few people who receive unemployment benefits to survive their lives. "Raising lazy people" has even become a social phenomenon.

But being well fed doesn't mean they won't rebel when they are oppressed and plundered!

When security needs are not met, personal turmoil begins, often resulting in crime. And when the security needs of the majority of the population cannot be met, social chaos begins.

The advantage of the dish cooking system is that when people find themselves oppressed and plundered, they can more intuitively resist through elections, marches, etc. But the strength of this resistance is also weaker, and it is more difficult to achieve the goal. Because the best outcome of the system is only a compromise between the oppressor and the oppressed, the oppression remains, but both sides take a step back. Or the ruling class has come up with more subtle and imperceptible ways of exploitation.

In contrast, under the rule of poison vegetables, all contradictions are hidden under the superficial harmony, and the ruling class can unify all voices by forceful means, but the contradictions will not be eliminated. It will only accumulate more and more under the undercurrent, until one day it will erupt in a way that is a hundred times more radical than boiling it in a dish - the Great Revolution.

As for the students of Class F in the first year, the reason why they participated in the test summoning war under the bewitchment of Mr. Seamus was precisely because their physical needs - food was threatened.

So when Milley Ashford promised to deal with the logistics supervisor who was making things difficult for the Japanese students, the F-class students, who had ensured the safety of their lunches, inevitably lost their motivation to get involved.

But wouldn't it be nice to have cake without bread?

Since the students in Class F no longer have needs and motivation, Mr. Seamus creates new needs for them.

"Ladies and gentlemen! I'm sorry to tell you one thing! From now on, the summoning war of Ashford School Park will be mandatory for all grades and classes! Moreover...... At this time, Mr. Seamus's face hung an evil arc: "The students of the winning class can give an order to the students of the losing class of the war!" An absolute imperative vouched for by the power of the student union! Notice, I'm talking about the fact that everybody can have such a power! ”

Class F of the first year was instantly quiet!

The boys were restless, the boys were excited. One command? An order to do whatever you want? Want you to xxx me? わたしに××しなさい！

Originally trampled under the feet of Brittania and despised by other classes, he ended up playing a game to get the double satisfaction of physiology and self-esteem! What great news!

The girls are nervous! The girls are scared! Basically, the things that the boys can think of, they have also thought of it, don't you see that Miss Saya Takashiro has begun to recite the law and ask for comfort?

From the "Regulations on the Protection and Cultivation of Juveniles" to the "Civil Liberties Act", from the "Interpretation of the Marriage Law" to the "Amendment to the Criminal Law", Saya Takajo almost recited a large number of legal provisions in a hoarse, trembling, and cursing tone: "In the provisions of Article 236 of the Criminal Law, the punishment for strong ** women: ** Girls under the age of 14 shall be punished as rape and punished heavily. In any of the following circumstances, rape of a woman or underage girl is to be sentenced to 10 or more years imprisonment, life imprisonment or death。。。。。 ”

Well, the full enthusiasm of the dead man high school student was quickly extinguished.

Three years of blood earning, of course, is good, but the death penalty is not a loss?

That's just a joke!

But at this moment, Mr. Seamus's devilish voice sounded again: "Ahem, I don't think I said it, although it is a categorical order, it can't be illegal." However, if it is mandatory for the other party to become your lover, it is not impossible~ Although the law prohibits forced marriage, can it still be forbidden to fall in love? ”

The boy's eyes once again lit up with a flame called hope! That's right! If we can't play the ghost animal route, we can still play pure love!

However, the first to stand up and cheer was a girl who surprised Mr. Seamus。。。。。。 (To be continued.) )