Bronze smelting, the Xia Dynasty was able to cast 700 kilograms of Dading, which can show that the Xia Dynasty mastered the very superb bronze smelting technology and bronze casting technology, and developed the bronze technology to the point of reaching the peak. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

The city-state, the inscription engraved on the inner wall of the Xia Hou Ji Ding describes that the Xia Hou Ji moved the capital from the original east to the old hill, indicating one thing, the Xia Dynasty had a capital city.

Ji sent people to crusade against Dongyi, expanded his rule to the coast of the East China Sea, and the Dongyi tribe congratulated Ji Nagong, which showed that the territory of the Xia Dynasty was very large, forming a very unified tribal alliance state.

As for religious rituals, the inscription describes that the Xia people held sacrifices for the season, and the tripod was often used as a ritual vessel in ancient times, and the existence of the tripod itself shows that there were sacrifices in the Xia Dynasty.

Although Xia Houding can't speak, it tells us a lot of information that has been buried by history.

In modern times, there has been a great controversy over whether the Xia Dynasty recorded in the "Historical Records" exists, in fact, not only the existence of the Xia Dynasty is very controversial, but also the Shang Dynasty.

Because the history of the Shang Dynasty is also unverifiable, until the excavation of the oracle bone inscription in Yinxu, it directly proves the existence of the Shang Dynasty.

The study of the Xia Dynasty mainly relies on historical documents, such as "Historical Records", "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Shangshu" and so on.

In particular, the site of Yanshi Erlitou is considered by some scholars to be a summer ruin.

However, there are still some scholars who have doubts about the 'Xia Ruins', and there are four phases of the Erlitou site. The first and second phases of its site unearthed are mainly some pottery, things without civilization signs, bronzes and writings, in fact, have not entered the civilization stage.

The next three and four phases entered the civilization stage, but according to the time, many people thought that the early Shang had nothing to do with the Xia Dynasty. Therefore, as for the existence of the Xia Dynasty, there is a lack of archaeological physical examples and texts to show its existence. The search for evidence of the existence of the Xia Dynasty has become the goal of Chinese scholars for nearly half a century.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties project launched in 96 is one aspect of the efforts of Chinese scholars to find evidence of the existence of the Xia dynasty. As a key scientific and technological project of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, this cultural project lasted for five years, involving history, archaeology, astronomy, and other disciplines, and directly involved 200 experts and scholars, which cost a huge amount.

In the end, it is a pity that due to too much controversy over the conclusion, the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties project did not pass the national acceptance. Until now, whether the Xia Dynasty existed and whether the Xia Dynasty crossed the threshold of civilization is still very controversial in the international academic circles.

This time, Wu Tianyuan found Xia Houding in the ruins of Xia City, which clearly told the world an answer. An answer to the question of ancient Chinese civilization.

Did the Xia Dynasty exist?

It exists!

Did the Xia Dynasty cross the threshold of civilization?

It has civilization!

The history of China is 5,000 years!

Seeing Wu Tianyuan's excited appearance, Fujita had long known the great impact of these on Chinese archaeology, and said with a smile: "On the basis of the Neolithic pottery process, the ancestors of the Xia Dynasty innovated and improved, and the pottery process has achieved great development and progress. For example, the pottery of the Xia Dynasty was prevalent in adding decorations to the surface for several weeks, adding pile patterns, scratches, and string patterns. The ornamentation is exquisite, forming a unique artistic style of gray pottery in the Xia Dynasty, which is cold and mysterious and solemn and heavy. ”

"This batch of bronzes is more than 600 pieces, with a variety of categories, not only tools, weapons, but also containers such as jue, horns, and tripods, and ceremonial instruments such as copper bells. The discovery of these rich and diverse bronze artifacts marked the true beginning of civilization. ”

"There are hundreds of jade artifacts, and production tools include jade axes, jade shovels, and jade cities. Ornaments include tubes, beads, pewter-shaped vessels, turquoise ornaments, and turquoise animal face pattern steel plaques. Ceremonial utensils include Ge, uranium, gui, knives, tooth bays, handle ornaments, etc. ”

"But ......" Fujita suddenly stopped talking, a little undecided, Wu Tianyuan asked curiously why?

"In fact, in addition to Xia Houding, the Mitsui family has several more important Xia Dynasty heavy weapons that are not revealed, this is information."

Wu Tianyuan was shocked in his heart, even the country's heavy weapon Xia Houding is not the best?

He turned out three files, two bronzes and one jade! The bronzes are bronze plates and bronze swords.

Bronze plate, rounded, shallow belly, double appendages, high hoop feet. The abdomen is decorated with a crest, the circle foot is decorated with animal face patterns, the thunder pattern is filled with ground, and the circle foot has a folded edge. The inner bottom is cast with an inscription of 24 lines, 517 characters.

This is an inscription of praise, praising the merits of Yu, Qi, Taikang, Zhongkang, Xiang, Shaokang, Ji, Huai, and Mang.

In the inscription, Yu's exploits are mentioned, "control the flood and stabilize the world", "conquer the three seedlings", "formulate a calendar, guide agricultural production", and "divide the country into Kyushu".

What attracted Wu Tianyuan's attention was that in the inscription praising Yu's exploits, it was mentioned that Yu would pay tribute to the gold of all parties and cast it into a big tripod, and the tripod was cast with the famous mountains and rivers of various states, rare birds and beasts, which is the earliest source proof of Jiuding.

The inscription on the bronze plate also describes the complete genealogy of the Xia Dynasty from Yu to Mang, which has great historical value for the study of the Xia Dynasty, the breaking of the dynasty, and the establishment of the chronology of the Xia Dynasty.

The bronze plate was cast during the reign of Xia Houqi, and it was cast by a person who was called Yi in the Xia Dynasty, and later generations named this bronze plate Yipan.

Bronze sword, cast in bronze, 132.4 cm long. Washing the earth off the sword with water, the bronze sword has been buried in the ground for thousands of years, uncorroded, still dazzling and shining.

The bronze sword body is decorated with black diamond-shaped geometric dark patterns, and the front and back of the sword lattice are also inlaid with turquoise, colorful beads, and Jiuhua jade into beautiful ornaments, and the hilt is bound with silk threads, and the head of the sword is diamond-shaped, and inlaid with gold and copper openwork ornaments.

The blade of the sword is thin and sharp, the cold light is shining, and the sharpness of the bronze sword has been tested with paper, and more than 30 layers of paper are broken!

Two lines of inscriptions were found on the body of the sword, close to the hilt, with eight characters.

The inscription said: Inherit the destiny of heaven and the Xian Dynasty of the world.

The Japanese have verified some information about the bronze swords cast in the Xia Dynasty, and there are written records that there are four swords cast in the Xia Dynasty.

Xia's "Famous Sword Record" recorded: "Xia Yu cast a sword, Tibetan Hui Ji Mountain, engraved on the abdomen twenty-eight nights, the text has a back, the text is the sun, moon and stars, and the mountains and rivers are memorized." ”

Qi Jian, Xia Yuzi Emperor Qi, reigned for ten years, with Gengxu eight years, cast a bronze sword, three feet nine inches long.

Tai Kang Jian, Liang . Tao Hongjing's "Ancient and Modern Sword Records": "Qizi Taikang reigned for 29 years, and the age was in March Xinmaochun, casting a bronze sword, with eight aspects, three feet and three inches long, and a square head.

There is also a sword called clamping, Kong Jia, reigned for thirty-one years, with nine years of age Jiachen, mining the iron of the head of the ox, casting a sword, the inscription is said to be a clip, the ancient seal book, four feet and one inch long.

Among them, the clamping sword is an iron sword, iron is easy to oxidize and rust, this iron sword has been oxidized and rusted for thousands of years, and it has long been rusted, eliminating the clamping sword.

First of all, it is certain that this bronze sword in your hand is not an ordinary bronze sword!

From the intricate ornamentation of the sword body, the decoration with turquoise, Jiuhua jade, and colorful jewelry stones, the exquisite casting technology reflected on the bronze sword, and the inscription engraved on the sword body that reads "Inherit the Mandate of Heaven and the Xian Dynasty of the World", it can be shown that this is an imperial sword. It is likely to be one of the three bronze swords of Xia Yu Sword, Qi Sword and Taikang Sword recorded in historical documents.

First of all, Xia Yujian can be excluded, according to the record in the "Famous Sword Record", Xia Yu's sword belly is engraved with twenty-eight nights, the text has a back, the text is the sun, moon and stars, and the mountains and rivers are memorized, which is inconsistent with the ornamentation on the bronze sword in Wu Tianyuan's hand, which can be excluded.

Combined with historical data, it is speculated that the Taikang sword can also be excluded. During the reign of Dakang, he indulged in hunting all day long and ignored political affairs, and as a result, he was expelled by Hou Yi, the leader of the poor tribe, and was not allowed to return to China. It is impossible for such a person to have the ability and courage to engrave on the inscription 'Inherit the Mandate of Heaven and the Xian Dynasty of the World'.

In the end, there was only one possibility left, that is, the bronze sword in Wu Tianyuan's hand was the Qi Sword. (To be continued.) )