1. Week/trumpet clock

"Horn Bell" is the famous piano of the Zhou Dynasty. The sound of this piano is so loud that it is like a bell ringing and a horn ringing for a long time, which is deafening. Legend has it that the outstanding ancient pianist Boya once played the "Horn Bell" harp. Later, the "bell" was passed to the hands of Qi Huangong. Duke Huan of Qi was a wise monarch of the Qi State and was well versed in music and rhythm. At that time, he collected many famous instruments, but he especially cherished this "bell" instrument. He once ordered his subordinates to beat the horns of the ox and sing to help the music, and he himself played the "trumpet bell" to echo it. The sound of the horn and the song were poignant, and the "trumpet bell" played a sad melody, which moved the waiters on both sides to tears.

2. Spring and autumn / around the beam

Today's people have the saying "the aftermath lingers, and it will not stop for three days". Its language originates from a story in "Liezi": During the Zhou Dynasty, the famous Korean female singer Han E went to Qi and ran out of money and food when she passed by Yongmen, so she had no choice but to sing and beg for food. Her mournful song echoed in the air, like a lonely goose. Three days after Han E's departure, her singing still reverberates between the beams of the house, which is unforgettable.

The name of the piano is "winding beam", which shows the characteristics of the timbre of this piano, and it must be a continuous aftersound. It is said that "Winding Liang" was a gift from a man named Hua Yuan to the king of Chuzhuang, and the age of its production is unknown. Since King Chuzhuang got the "winding beam", he played the piano and made music all day long, and reveled in the piano music.

Once, King Chuzhuang did not go to court for seven consecutive days, leaving all the major national affairs behind. The princess Fan Ji was extremely anxious and advised the king of Chuzhuang: "King, you are too immersed in music! In the past, Xia Ji was so fond of the 'sister Xi' that he was killed; Now, the king loves the 'winding beam' harp so much, and if he doesn't come to court for seven days, is he willing to lose his country and his life?" He couldn't resist the temptation of "winding the beam", so he had to endure the pain of cutting his love, and ordered someone to beat the piano with Tie Ruyi, and the body of the piano was broken into several sections. Since then, the famous piano "Winding Beam", which is envied by tens of thousands of people, has never sounded.

3. Han/Luqi

"Luqi" is a piano played by Sima Xiangru, a famous literati in the Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru originally came from a poor family with four walls, but his poetry was extremely famous. King Liang asked him to make a gift, and he wrote a "jade endowment" as a gift. This is a magnificent rhetoric and an extraordinary charm. King Liang was extremely happy, so he gave back his collection of "Luqi" piano. "Luqi" is a famous piano, and there is an inscription in the piano called "Tongzi Hejing", that is, the essence of the combination of paulownia wood and zinc wood. It is like getting "green Qi", like getting a treasure. His exquisite piano skills and the wonderful timbre of "Lu Qi" made the "Lu Qi" famous for a while. Later, "Luqi" became another name for the guqin.

Once, Sima Xiangru visited a friend, and the rich and wealthy King Sun set up a banquet to entertain him. When the wine was in full swing, everyone said: "I heard that you play 'Luqi' very well, please play a song, let my generation feast on it." "Xiangru had long heard that Wenjun, the daughter of King Zhuo, was talented and proficient in the piano, and admired him very much. Sima Xiangru played the piano song "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix" and courted her. After listening to the piano, Wen Jun understood the meaning of the piano song, and couldn't help blushing and being fascinated. She fell in love with the literary talent, and in order to reward the "bosom friend encounter", she went to the residence of Xiangru at night to conclude a good relationship. Since then, Sima Xiangru pursued Wenjun with the qin, which has been rumored to be a good story for the ages.

4. Eastern Han Dynasty / Jiaowei

"Jiaowei" is a piano made by Cai Yong, a famous writer and musician in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Cai Yong was "dying in the rivers and seas and going to Wuhui from afar", he once rescued a section of plane wood that had not been burned out and had an abnormal sound in the fire. According to the length and shape of the wood, he made a lyre, and sure enough, the sound was extraordinary. Because there are still scorch marks left at the end of the piano, it is named "scorched tail". "Jiaowei" is famous all over the world for its pleasant timbre and unique manufacturing method.

At the end of the Han Dynasty, after Cai Yong was brutally killed, the "Jiaowei" qin was still well preserved in the royal inner library. More than 300 years later, during the reign of Emperor Qi Ming, in order to appreciate the superhuman piano skills of the guqin master Wang Zhaoxiong, he specially ordered someone to take out the "Jiaowei" piano that had been stored for many years and play it for Wang Zhongxiong. Wang Zhongxiong played it continuously for five days and improvised "Song of Regret" to dedicate to Emperor Ming. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Fengnian, a native of Kunshan, still collected the "Jiaowei" piano made by Cai Yong.

5. Don / Chun Lei

Length 126cm, height 10.8cm, shoulder width 22.1cm, tail width 17.2cm

The beaded piano has a full shape, a black lacquer surface, and a fine flowing water. Jade emblem, jade palm, jade foot, dragon pond round, phoenix swamp rectangle. The neck of the bottom of the piano is engraved with the word "Spring Thunder", and the line is filled with green cursive. The left and right sides of the dragon pond are engraved with the inscription of Lishu: "Its voice is Shen Yixiong, its rhyme and Chong", "Who knows it out of the plan", the seal is one, and the seal is eroded. There seems to be a large square seal under the dragon pool, but it is made up by lacquer, and it is obscure.

"Spring Thunder" is the name of the famous piano in the Tang Dynasty, made by Lei Wei, a family of luthiers. The Ming Dynasty (Qing Secret Collection) said: "Spring thunder, the Song Dynasty Tibetan Xuanhe Hall Baiqin Hall, called the first. Later, it returned to Jin Zhangzong, which was the first in the Ming Chang Imperial Palace. Zhang Zong died, and he was martyred. In eighteen years, he returned to the world, and he was not launched at all, and he was restored to the crown of the pianos. Heaven and earth stunners also!" The Tang Qin is extremely rare, although this Qin has been repaired by descendants in Nayin, Feet, Yueshan, Tail and other places, but the body of the Qin is full, and there is the "round" of the Tang Qin;

When this piano was in the Republic of China, it was once collected by famous artists such as He Guanwu, Wang Jingwu, and Zhang Daqian.

6. Tang / Jiuxiao Huanpei

The piano is of the Fuxi type, cut into fir wood, and the wood is pine yellow. Accompanied by a mussel emblem. The white jade piano and goose feet are beautifully carved. Yueshan Jiaowei and so on are all made of red sandalwood, and the process is regular. The body of the piano is painted with vermilion lacquer, antler gray tires, and the ink black and vermilion lacquer repaired by the past dynasties are interspersed. The whole body of the piano is dominated by small snake belly broken lines, and occasionally calf hair broken lines. The broken lines on the bottom of the piano are hidden like a sword, and the edge of the sword is raised, highlighting the antiquity of the piano surface. The reason for this is that the surface of the piano can still be played and caressed, and if the broken edge of the sword is in the way and easy to make noise, the pianist will make a small repair every three years, aiming to frustrate the reason for the broken blade. The body, neck, waist, surface, bottom, etc. are all thinned with the unique round flute of Tang Qin. The dragon pond is round, and the phoenix swamp is slender and oval, and the lacquer is used as a compensation grid. The surface of the piano rises slightly into a nanonote. In the dragon pool, there is an inch of Tang Gongqin format, and the big character "to De Bingshen" is written in the belly. Zhide Bingshen is the first year of Tang Suzong (756 AD), which is the beginning of the Middle Tang Dynasty. The seal book "Jiuxiao Huanpei" is engraved on the back pond of the piano, which is the name of the piano; the seal of "Qinghe" is engraved under the dragon pond, and the two seals are the original carvings of the Tang Dynasty, and there are still traces of the original gold lacquer. Comparing the Tang Qin from public and private collectors at home and abroad, the "Great Sage's Relic" from the Beijing Palace Museum's collection and the "Great Sage's Relic" from the Beijing pianist Xi Baochen's old collection all have the "Zhide Bingshen" section, and the "Nine Heavens Ring Pei" from the Liaoning Provincial Museum, the "Taigu Relic Voice" from the Central Conservatory of Music, and the "Dead Wood Dragon Yin" from the Freer Museum of Art in the United States also have the "Qinghe" seal seal. In addition, "Fenyang descendant Guo Jing's family collection" and "Dongpo Su Shi Treasure" seal text and seal two sides, the seal carving time is slightly later than the Tang Dynasty. This string is 112.5 cm long, the sound quality is ancient, and it is the best in the Tang Dynasty. This piano was originally in the collection of Mr. Shen Maishi, a librarian of the Shanghai Museum of Culture and History, and was later transferred to the collection of Mr. Wu Jinxiang, and was lost overseas in the early years.

7. Tang / Great Sage's Voice

This Tang Dynasty Great Sage's relict piano is Shennong-style, paulownia wood chopping, chestnut shell-colored lacquer cover with black lacquer, vermilion lacquer repair, pure antler gray tire, hair snake belly cow hair broken lines. Overall length 120 cm, shoulder width 20.5 cm, tail width 13.4 cm, thickness 5 cm, base thickness 1 cm. The back of the piano is made of a round dragon pond, the diameter is 7.6 cm, the oblate round phoenix swamp is 12 cm long, 1.2 meters wide, the dragon pond is engraved with the four words of Xu Xingcao "the sound of the great sage", the bottom of the pool is engraved with two inches of Xu Dafang seal "including" two words, the two sides of the pond are engraved with the inscription of Lishu four sentences "the giant gully welcomes the autumn, the cold river prints the moon." Ten thousand sounds are long, and the lonely tung is cracked" sixteen characters, all of which are old carved and filled with gold paint. The nayin in the abdomen is slightly raised, and there are four characters on both sides of the Zhu Qili book "to De Bingshen". The sound of the piano is bright and loose and has ancient rhyme, the shape is thick and beautiful, the lacquer color is bright and ancient, the broken lines are hidden like a sword, the inscription is fine and vivid, the gold emblem and jade are magnificent, and the extraordinary piano can reach.

8. Tang / Duyou Duyou Qin Late Tang Dynasty Length 120.5cm Shoulder width 20cm Tail width 14cm Hunan Provincial Museum collection of phoenix style. The surface of the piano is painted in black and red, the plum blossom is intertwined with the snake belly and the back is broken. The top of the dragon pond is engraved with "Duyou", and there are four characters of "Taihe Ding Wei" in the pool (that is, the first year of Tang Wenzong, 827 AD). There is an inscription by Li Jing at the end of the piano. This piano was used by Wang Chuanshan in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was treasured by the late Hunan pianist Li Jing during the Republic of China.

9. Tang/Taikoo Voice

The ancient relict qin of the late Tang Dynasty is 122cm long, the forehead is 22cm wide, the tail is 14cm, and the Central Conservatory of Music is in the collection. The original black lacquer, large flowing water broken lines. On the back of the dragon pond above the engraved book "ancient voice", under the pond engraved seal book "Qinghe" seal, the left side engraved "Wu Jingluo to rebuild Jiazi Mid-Autumn Festival". Guqin music is mainly influenced by the Confucian ideas of righteousness and peace, gentleness and generosity, "virtue is music", and Taoist ideas such as conforming to nature, big sound and hope, and clear and subtle. It was once treasured by the late Shandong pianist Zhan Chengqiu.

10. Ming/Ben Lei

Ben Lei Qin Ming length 127.6cm shoulder width 19cm tail width 15.6cm The Palace Museum collection Zhongni style. Black lacquer, small snake belly broken lines. On the back of the dragon pond above the engraved seal book "Ben Lei", on both sides engraved with the Tibetan inscription: "North, south, east and west several times to travel, the famous piano can meet can not be sought." Ben Lei has no intention of meeting him, and his long-cherished wish will be rewarded for many years." "After a long time, the crane is unbearable, and he runs to Lei Xing on credit. has been a partner for 30 years, and he will never leave him". It was once collected by Tianjin pianist Song Zhaofu. It is now in the collection of the Palace Museum.

11. Miscellaneous

1. > snake belly

In ancient times, the broken lines of the piano resemble the patterns under the belly of a snake.

Song He Yuan's "Chunzhu Chronicles: Ancient Sound Relic": "In modern times, all kinds of instruments are new, but the piano instruments are slightly unadorned, and the most ancient snake belly text is strange. ”

2. > broken lines

Ancient famous piano. It is better to be old, and the cracking of the body proves that it is old, so it is called broken lines.

Song Zhao Xihu's "Dongtian Qing Record Collection: Guqin Discernment": "The guqin is evidenced by broken lines, and the gaiqin is not 500 years old, and the longer it is, the more it breaks...... Where the lacquerware has no broken lines, and the piano is unique, the cloth lacquer is used to cover the other utensils, but the piano is not used; the other utensils are idle, and the piano is excited by the strings day and night. ”

3> Yiyang

The ancient famous qin is made of paulownia wood produced on the southern slope of Yishan Mountain (in the southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong Province) (the south of the mountain is Yang), hence the name.

"Gegu Yao": "Guqin has yin and yang. Those who cover the paulownia wood face the sun are yang, and those who carry the sun are yin...... The yang material qin is turbid and twilight, sunny and rainy, and the yin material is clear and twilight, clear and rainy, which can be verified. ”

"Shangshu Yugong": "Yishan Lonely Tong", Kong Anguo's biography: "Lonely, special also." The sun of the mountain, the special birth of the lonely tree, the middle of the qin. Later, it was called "Yiyang" as another name for the piano.

4> Ice strings

The ancient famous piano uses ice silk as the string.

Wang Jia's "Collected Memories" Volume 10 "Yuanqiao Mountain" cloud: "Yuanqiao Mountain, a Huanqiu Mountain...... There is wood, the name is mulberry, and the fried tree is honey. There are ice silkworms, seven inches long, black, with horns and scales, covered with frost and snow, and then made a cocoon, one foot long, its color is colorful, woven into the brocade, into the water is not wet, to throw it into the fire, through the night does not burn. ”

Song Le Shi "Yang Taizhen Biography" volume uploaded, the temple Bai Jizhen made Shu back, dedicated to Yang Concubine Pipa, "the string is the last Ha Mi Luo country Yongtai in the first year of the tribute, Lu Bing silk also, as bright as a bead." ”

One said that the ice string is a kind of quality silk string, Ming Xiang Yuanbian's "Banana Window Nine Records - Strings": "Today, only white silk is used for the top, and the autumn silkworm is second." The string takes the ice, with the quality of the natural wonder, if the string is slightly cloudy, and loses its true nature. ”