As for what a bunch of idle sons and brothers are going to hunt now, they are completely bored, and they want to find a reason to go out and play together, and at the same time, they can show off in front of everyone.

Qin Xiudao:

"I said how could the girl from the single family invite me to go, it turned out that she intended me to be a coolie. ”

Shan Hongda Road:

"Well, you know, but be careful, there's probably going to be a big guy coming over today. ”

Qin Xiudao:

"Big shot, it won't be the emperor, or the crown prince, right?"

Shan Hongda Road:

"Ahem, it's not that powerful, after all, we are still minors, almost our generation, I heard that my cousin is coming to hunt, so I came to meet. ”

Qin Xiudao:

"Could it be that you are in the name of hunting, and the piracy of the righteous and bright will not be ......"

————

The oracle bone inscription is an ancient Chinese script, also known as "Qiwen", "Oracle Bone Bu Ci", Yinxu Script or "Tortoiseshell Beast Bone Inscription". It is an early form of Chinese characters, the oldest mature script in the existing Chinese dynastic period, and was first unearthed in Yinxu, Anyang City, Henan Province. It belongs to Old Chinese, not Ancient or primitive languages of other language families.

The oracle bone inscriptions, found in Yinxu in Anyang City, Henan Province, China, are a cultural product of the Shang Dynasty (c. 17th century BC - 11th century BC) and have a history of about 3,600 years.

Oracle, with a symmetrical, stable pattern. The three elements of calligraphy are the use of the pen, the knot, and the chapter. Judging from the number of fonts and the way they are structured, oracle bone inscriptions have developed to a more rigorous and systematic script. The principle of "six books" of Chinese characters is reflected in the oracle bone inscriptions. However, the traces of the original pictorial text are still relatively obvious.

The oracle bone inscription is a cultural product of the Shang Dynasty (about the 17th century BC - the 11th century BC), with a history of about 3,600 years.

On November 24, 2017, Oracle successfully passed the review of the International Advisory Committee of UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme and was successfully inscribed on the Memory of the World Register.

Basic Information

Chinese name

Oracle

Foreign language name

Oracle Bone Inscriptions

aka

It is also known as the inscription, the oracle bone inscription, and the tortoiseshell beast bone inscription

Place of discovery

Yinxu, Anyang City, Henan Province

quality

The earliest Chinese characters in China that have been researched at present

The first discoverer

Wang Yirong

quantity

5000 words

Confirm

1500 words

Uncracked

3500 words

author

Cangjie

Creation period

Primitive period

directory

1. Development history

2 description contents

3. Text features

4. Archaeological excavations

5. Excavation site

6. Research history

7 Historical records

8. Generate background

9. Calligraphy features

10 Historical value

11. Identification of collections

12 collection institutions

13 oracle bone inscriptions outside the Yin Ruins

This section of the development process

The oracle bone inscription is named because it is engraved and written on the tortoise shell and animal bones, and is the handwriting of the Yin Shang dynasty; The content is to record the divination of Pangeng to the king of Yin for 270 years, and it is the earliest calligraphy. Yin Shang has three major characteristics, namely, belief in history, drinking and worship of ghosts and gods; Because of this, these tortoise shells, which determine many things such as fishing, logging, and agriculture, can be rediscovered in later generations and become important materials for the study of Chinese characters. The Shang Dynasty already had excellent pen and ink, and the style of the book was thin and sharp because of the inscription, with the interest of a blade. Influenced by the rise and fall of literary style, it can be divided into five periods, which are introduced separately below. In the late Shang Dynasty, it took about 273 years from Pangeng to King Shang, and experienced 8 generations and 12 kings. There are many theories about the periodization and dating of Shang Dynasty oracle bones, and now the main use is Dong Zuobin's five-period theory divided according to ten criteria such as lineage, title, and Zhenren, that is, the first period: Pangeng, Xiaoxin, Xiaoyi, and Wuding; Phase II: Zu Geng, Zu Jia; The third period: Lixin, Kangding; The fourth period: Wu Yi, Wen Ding; The fifth issue: Di Yi, Di Xin.

First, the majestic period

From Pangeng to Wuding, about 100 years, influenced by the prosperity of Wuding, the calligraphy style is magnificent and majestic, which is the ultimate of oracle bone calligraphy. Generally speaking, the beginning of the pen is round, the end of the pen is more pointed, and the straight and straight are wrong, full of variety, no matter fat or thin, are extremely vigorous.

2. Cautionary period

From Zu Geng to Zu Jia, about forty years. Both of them can be regarded as virtuous gentlemen, the calligraphy of this period is cautious, probably inheriting the wind of the early stage, abiding by the rules, and creating very little, but it is not as strong and bold as the early stage.

3. The period of decadence

From Lixin to Kangding, about 14 years. This issue can be said to be the autumn of the withering style of the Yin Dynasty, although there are still a lot of neat book styles, but the staggered paragraphs are uneven, and they are not so regular, and some naïve, disorderly, and the number of typos is not uncommon.

Fourth, the peak period

From Wu Yi to Wen Wu Ding, about 17 years. Wenwu Ding is determined to be retro, trying to restore the majesty of the Wuding era, and the calligraphy style has turned into a strong and powerful, presenting the atmosphere of Zhongxing. In the slender strokes, it has a very strong style.

Fifth, the strict rectification period

From Di Yi to Di Xin, about eighty-nine years. The style of calligraphy tends to be rigorous, slightly closer to the second period; The length is lengthened, the strictness is excessive, there is no disease of decadence, and there is no majestic posture.

The thin handwriting on the oracle bone is also affected by knife engraving. When divination, "yes" or "no" is often engraved on both sides of the central longitudinal line of the tortoise shell, and the middle line is written to the left and right, so the two sides are symmetrical and harmonious, and it has the beauty of symmetry. And after the deed is engraved, the large and small characters are filled with ink and zhu respectively, or the front and back are filled with vermilion ink, which has a deeper artistic meaning and can be called a miracle of book history.

The contents of this paragraph

There are four main ones:

(1) Tortoise shells and animal bones that have been processed and scraped shall be kept by the special responsible diviner. The diviner inscribed on the edges of them a memo describing the origin and preservation of these oracle bones, called "memorabilia inscriptions";

(2) During divination, the diviner used a burning bauhinia pillar to cauterize and drill the nest groove, so that the front of the bone cracked out in the shape of a "divination", which is called "divination", which is the basis for inferring the good fortune and evil of the divination. Under the oracle bone omen of the earlier era, the number of divination sequences is engraved, which is also called "omen";

(3) The main part of the oracle bone inscription is divination, that is, the inscription that records the progress and results of the divination activity after the end of the divination activity. Most of them are engraved on the front of the oracle bone, and some are engraved on the reverse side;

(4) The table of cadres and branches with the names of 60 stem branches composed of the heavenly stem (A, B, C, D, E, G, G, XIN, NON, and 癸) and the earthly branches (Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai) can be said to be the earliest calendar in China.

In addition, there are some works in the oracle bone inscriptions that were practiced by people who learned to engrave divination at that time, which are called "Xi carving" or "Xi Qi".

Most of the content of the oracle bone inscriptions is a record of divination by the Yin Shang royal family. Most of the people of the Shang Dynasty were superstitious about ghosts and gods, and they had to ask about big and small things, some of the content of divination was about the weather, some were agricultural harvests, and some were sick and early to give birth to noble children, and hunting, fighting, sacrifices and other major events