Section 337 The situation in the air war is reversed
A few weeks later, both French and British planes were equipped with Chinese-invented machine gun synchronizers, which fired synchronously through rotating propellers. Later, when the Fokker E-111 was armed with a double-barreled Spondau machine gun, the Germans partially restored their superiority. Much of Germany's lead in aircraft can be attributed to Fokker, who designed nearly 60 different types of aircraft between 1914 and 1918. The British, who were slow to recognize his talent, offered him in writing that if he came to England to design planes for the Royal Flying Corps, they would give him ten million dollars, but Fokker did not know about this until after the end of the war. German intelligence intercepted the letter and, of course, withheld it. However, the main reason why the Germans turned the tide of the war was that only sixteen of the 36 Swift 2s in the hands of the British were left, and the others crashed for one reason or another during training and combat, and the British aircraft factory did not even have the ability to repair such aircraft, so how could the British aircraft manufacturers not be in tears?
If the air battle did not impress the generals at first, it quickly caught the public's eye. Air power was not yet a decisive factor in victory, but it had the value of a morale benchmark that the military could not have foreseen. The German High Command first recognized the heroes of aviation, which made the civilian population happy. Aviation exploits were prominently reported, and newspaper campaigns encouraged civil communication with ace pilots. A god-making campaign was first launched in the Luftwaffe.
Oswald 61 Berke and Max 61 Immelmann were the first to attract public attention, followed by the lesser-known Edward 61 von 61 Schleich, nicknamed the "Black Knight" because he painted his Albatros biplane black after the death of a close comrade-in-arms. He survived the Great War, won thirty-five air victories, and became a general in the Luftwaffe in World War II. In the air battle, Berke killed forty people, and Imelman killed fifteen.
The Entente countries of this period also produced their heroes of air combat. France preached that René 61 Funk's record was seventy-five enemy aircraft; George 61 Güneme, fifty-four; Shire 61 Nonrese, forty-five; There are also many smaller ace drivers. But the heroes of Britain and Canada are not very famous, because of the reticence of the typical British, their names are not publicized. It was only later that the British public and the whole world became aware of the names of their great air warriors: Edward 61 Mannock, seventy-three victories; William Canadian, 61 Bishop, seventy-two; Raymond 61 Colishaw, sixty times and so on.
When the war dragged on into the autumn of 1915, the war-weary peoples on both sides were stirred up by the exploits of the newborn heroes. In 1916, the newspapers devoted more pages to the melee of the Americans in the Lafayette Flying Detachment than to the crucial battles of Verdun and the Somme, which, if lost, would turn the tide against the Allies. After the United States became a belligerent, the legend of former car racer Eddie 61 Rickenbacker (26 victories) was repeatedly added to the legend. And a Chinese instructor, Yin Chengzong, caused the British and French people to fall into a frenzy of worship.
Yin Chengzong used a later improved version of the Swift II, and the biggest change was that two air-cooled machine guns were installed on both sides of the lower wings, each with 1,000 rounds of ammunition, plus a large-caliber pulp hub machine gun, which eliminated the overhead machine gun above, and the inner diameter of the engine was increased, and the power also increased. After one of his English disciples was shot down and killed by Edward 61 von 61 Schreich, Yin Chengzong was so grief-stricken that he sent a telegram to China asking if he could join the French foreign flying corps in his own name and fly into the war. To his surprise, the military attache of the Chinese Embassy in Britain quickly handed him the paperwork of the flight team that allowed him to volunteer to participate in the war, and Yin Chengzong flew his Swift II to the Le Mans barracks in France a week later, becoming the only foreign pilot to bring his own plane to participate in the war.
The chivalrous demeanor of aviation, consistent with the First World War. In the beginning, the pilots treated their allies and enemies as knights. The unwritten law of pilots can be illustrated by the example of Max 61 Immelman, when a British pilot he wounded was forced to land. After landing nearby, Immelman rescued his opponent from the wreckage and tended to his injuries. This Englishman, Lieutenant Reid, was taken to the command of Immelman, where he was treated not so much as a prisoner as a guest. During the two days, Reed ate ate with his captors and drank the best French wine. After the celebrations were held, the Englishman was placed under house arrest in a comfortable barracks in a prisoner camp for captured pilots. When Immelman was killed in 1916, even their opponents, the British and French Air Force, mourned.
Not all drivers have the heroic qualities of Immelman. Baron Manfred 61 von 61 Richthofen was Germany's greatest air hero, and according to his diary, he had two hobbies – killing people and killing animals. Known as the "Red Baron" because of the deep red paint of his Albatros biplane, Richthofen often took time off to hunt wild boars and stags in the German forests. He also destroyed eighty Allied planes and killed eighty-seven, the most of any pilot in the war, and after each victory, he ordered a silver cup with the date and type of downed plane engraved on it.
The twenty-six-year-old red baron was shot down in April 1918 and was given a grand funeral in Britain. His coffin was escorted by six captains (in the rank of Richthofen) and a squad of drivers, and a squad of honorable guns saluted him in a farewell salute. Photographs and obituaries of his grave covered with flowers, dropped by a British driver behind the German lines.
Shoot down the red baron, allegedly to the credit of the two Entente. The Royal Air Force credits the Canadian Roy 61 Brown, but according to official Australian history, Richthofen was shot down by ground fire from the 53rd Artillery Company of the 5th Australian Division. But the wreckage of the plane was buried, and Richthofen's body was also buried, without a forensic examination, and no one knew the real cause of death of the super-ace of air combat.
According to the recollections of Raymond 61 Colishaw, the Entente's fourth-class ace driver – who became the deputy field marshal of the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II – there was nothing more appealing to the audience than the performances of the pilots who fought over the muddy battlefields of France and Belgium.
Colishaw described his aerial rivals as "waltzing partners," dodging bullets fired at each other, recalling, "The stage was in the clouds when the pilot-warriors on both sides showed the infantry spectators cheering them from the trenches below." When one plane pins the tail of another, the waltz begins. The circle of the two planes flying became smaller and smaller, until finally one plane was able to fire at the other, and the dance ended. The pilot of the enemy plane held on to the plane, refusing to leave even if the wings were close together, like a goat being frozen by a snake, until he was shot down. ”
It's a pity that the waltz can no longer jump from such a battlefield as soon as the Chinese pilots enter the battle, the tactics of the Chinese pilots are very simple and practical, the planes are accompanied by pairs, the long planes attack head-on at high speed, the wingmen cover and wait for the opportunity to launch a second wave of attacks, and the advantage of speed and ceiling dive attacks is even more commonplace, often so that the Germans are beaten down half of their strength before they understand, so that they can not be defeated. Of course, that's all for later.
Besides, Yin Chengzong, who was looking for a field for his apprentice, drove his blue-gray painted Swift II to participate in the battle for the first time and did not achieve results, but Yin Chengzong, who was familiar with the battlefield, soon created a record that was difficult to surpass.
He and his wingman, a Monegasque, although he is black, he also understands French and English, and he is very smart, so after a few run-ins, Yin Chengzong found that if the black man uses it well, he is more suitable to be his wingman than the white man, at least he will not look down on the colored people.
On December 11, 1915, Yin Chengzong and his wingman went to intercept the German plane that had just finished escorting the bombers as instructed, and as a result, Yin Chengzong played his level as a flight instructor in this pursuit.
He adopted a new method of air maneuvering, in which he looked like a somersault during the jump, but at the apex he made a half-roll, then switched to a flat flight and galloped in the opposite direction of what he had expected. Later, in the Dictionary of Names, encyclopedias and some works of military history, this maneuver was attributed to Yin Chengzong.
Yin Chengzong relied on the large ammunition load of his three machine guns to meet the German plane he was pursuing. But the flying team on their own side was scattered. Yin Chengzong first shot the entire cluster of long planes into the air, and then began to lock on to targets one by one with his wingman, and began to roll call when the other party did not react, and when the Germans reacted, they began to mobilize all the fighters to pounce to eliminate the two flies, but Yin Chengzong was rotated by Yin Chengzong and came to the back of a fighter, and even the opponent's personnel did not understand how he turned behind his back in a high-speed maneuver, and the three machine guns began to strafe, and another plane suffered. In this way, Yin Chengzong, who was a master of art, flew up and down in the German plane, and the large-caliber machine gun was left without bullets, and even Yin Chengzong forgot to count the results of the battle, anyway, there were no bullets. When Yin Chengzong returned to the base after the battle, the official in charge of military merit statistics couldn't believe that Yin Chengzong actually shot down nine German planes and damaged two planes in a combat mission, and according to later news, British and French soldiers also found that a wounded fighter plane crashed on the way, which is also regarded as Yin Chengzong's record, and the record of getting a double ace in a sortie is really unprecedented.
"The pilots of the Royal Flying Team know that Yin Chengzong's rotation does not include a rapid jump and a slalom at the beginning of the rotation, and then half-rolls when he reaches the apex of the flying circle. In the beginning, it jumps quickly with full rudders, and when the plane stalls at the apex of the turn, it lands to the ground to regain flight speed, and in doing so, the plane comes to make a backward turn. ”
The so-called Yin Cheng Zongzhuan, which was developed in 1915, is also believed to have been designed by Armstrong of the Royal Flying Corps. The 1916 statement contained in the apex of the Ring Fly came a half-roll. The aim is to quickly change course. The maneuverability and flexibility of the Swift aircraft allowed for such maneuvers in the event of an attack, designed to turn defense into attack against an adversary, who ...... That's when you find yourself at a disadvantage. ”
"But later pilots, especially the Americans in Carmel's squadron, confused the action and role of the so-called Yin Chengzong rotation in 1916 with the half-roll at the apex of the ring in 1918, so they called the maneuver in 1918 the 'Yin Chengzong roll.'" "These are all records in the history of the Royal Air Force.
The Fokker Einderker (Imelman's plane) was too fragile to withstand a half-roll maneuver at the apex of the Ring Flight. To be more certain, the engines of the Fokker monoplanes are not powerful enough for this maneuver.
In his own way, Yin Chengzong told his British, French, German, and Russian counterparts that the era of Chinese pilots dominating the skies was coming.