Section 256 The Constitutional Revolution is right and wrong

"Brother Xingcheng, Feng Dashuai summoned everyone to Iron Lion Hutong. What's wrong with you? Why don't you move" Seeing Yang Shiqi, who was sitting on a recliner in a long shirt and leisurely reading Zizhi Tongjian, Liang Shiyi always felt that Yang Shiqi no longer had the sharpness of Xiao Zhuge back then.

"Ming Gong has passed away, and we should return to the countryside, why bother to flatter the new master and beg for coldness." Yang Shiqi turned the page by himself, without the slightest intention of getting up.

"Alas. You and Brother Kikuto can see it clearly. But brother, I can't be so chic when I drag my family. Please forgive me. Liang Shiyi still wanted to explain, but found that he couldn't explain his thoughts clearly, maybe he was greedy for power, maybe he was lucky, maybe he was afraid of military might, although he didn't think clearly about his motives, but Liang Shiyi didn't stay any longer, but was pulled by a rickshaw and went straight to the once familiar Yuan Mansion in Iron Lion Hutong. Feng Guozhang also wants to integrate the strength of the entire Beiyang, but his own Yuan Datou is very clever, his subordinates are not a system of people at all, and the matter of intrigue with each other has never been broken, of course there is no problem for Yuan Shikai to live, he is in the position of the eldest brother, who dares to disagree, even the three heroes of Beiyang are just his eagle dogs. But now that Yuan Shikai died violently, the entire Beiyang was immediately torn apart, although Feng Guozhang relied on his good popularity and qualifications to pull a group of Zhili brothers, as well as Cao Kun and others to help him, but the confrontation of Duan Zhigui and other Anhui factions and the departure of Xu Shichang, Wang Zhanyuan and others made the Beiyang direct line not have the victory of the Beiyang soldiers in the world at all.

Regardless of the desolation in the hearts of the old people in Beiyang in Sijiu City, Guangzhou, the revolutionary capital of the southern country, ushered in a hot scene. On December 20, Qiao Fu returned to China via Hong Kong, and Hu Chuanru and Liao Lizhong arrived in Hong Kong by warship to greet him. Hu Chuanru persuaded Qiao Fu to stay in Guangdong, reorganize the army, and raise troops for the Northern Expedition. Then, "the strength of the strong enemy is really a situation of reunification between the north and the south." However, Jov insisted on going to the front line in Wuhan to preside over the internal and external plans, saying: "If I don't go to Wuhan, then all these external plans will not be in the hands of others." And he said, "The great trouble of this present time is anarchy."

On December 28, Jov arrived in Shanghai by sea and was warmly welcomed. The newspapers reported that Joe had returned home with a huge amount of money sponsored by Japan, and the reporter asked him: "How much money did you bring this time?" Joff said: "Give no name a penny, and bring back the revolutionary spirit ear!" If the purpose of the revolution is not achieved, there will be no peace negotiation! On the same day, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing was established.

On December 30, with the independence of the six provinces, Beiyang and the Revolutionary Party actually had no way to fight. The Beiyang Anhui system transferred to Shaanxi, and the direct line stayed at the border of Hebei, Shandong, and Henan, and did not dare to take a step across the Leichi casually. Under these circumstances, the nominal central government, the Qing court, and the revolutionary army, which was a chaotic party, began to negotiate peace between the north and the south, and at this time there were armed uprisings in all 18 provinces of Guannai, of which Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Sichuan, a total of nine provinces, declared independence, and Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Anhui, and Shanghai had all become the territory of the Wuyi New Army, and no faction dared to challenge the tiger might of the Wuyi New Army. Only the five provinces of Zhili, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Shanxi were under the nominal control of the Qing Dynasty, and the Anhui system entered Tongguan, and the river defense and Tongguan were deployed, obviously to occupy the northwest and wait for the time to move. At this time, although Nanjing was surrounded by the Wuyi New Army on all sides, it still maintained restraint with the revolutionary party and did not block the Yangtze River waterway. On December 29, the representatives of the nine provinces in Nanjing formally elected a provisional government. There are 3 candidates; Qiao Fu, Li Yuanlong, Huang Kedi. The deputies of the nine provinces voted in turn, and according to the calculation method of two votes for each province, Qiao Fu received 14 votes and Huang Kedi received 4 votes. When Qiao Fu, who was in Shanghai, learned the news, he did not have Huang Kedi's false words, and immediately replied to Nanjing and expressed his acceptance. On the same day, the northern delegates sent by Feng Guozhang also arrived in Shanghai, and the representatives of the north and south reached an agreement in Shanghai to convene a referendum on the "national system" of the National Assembly.

On January 1, the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China held an inauguration ceremony for the provisional administration, and Qiao Fu officially took office as the provisional government of the Republic of China. On 2 January, 15 Qing generals, including Jiang Guidi, Feng Guozhang, Cao Kun, Wang Zhanyuan, Chen Guangyuan, Qi Xieyuan, Wang Chengbin, Cao Qiang, Cai Chengxun, Xiao Yaonan, Sun Chuanfang, Zhou Yinren, Zhang Fulai, Wang Ruqin, and Chen Tiaoyuan, sent a telegram to the cabinet, swearing to oppose the republic to the death, and asking all the ministers to withdraw their deposits in foreign banks for military assistance. However, when the relatives and nobles looked for the old prince to find ideas, they found that Qing Wangye's industry had been replaced with the brand of the subordinate enterprises of the Shandong Chamber of Commerce.

On January 3, Wang Sheng, the Qing envoy to Germany, and other envoys abroad sent a telegram asking the Qing emperor to abdicate. On January 12, at the Princes' Conference, Prince Zaifeng handed over power according to preferential conditions, but Zai Ze, Zai Xun, Shanqi and Prince Gong Pu Wei opposed it, and decided to form a Zongshe Party with Liangbi, Tie Liang, Yulang and others to confront the south. On January 16, in the Dongnuan Pavilion of the Yangxin Palace, Zaifeng told the Empress Dowager Longyu about the massacre of the French royal family in the French Revolution and raised the issue of abdication, but the Empress Dowager Longyu seemed to be unwilling. On the same day, Zaifeng was shot and assassinated by an unknown killer and bomb on the T-shaped street of Donghuamen on the way to the next dynasty, killing ten people including the captain of Zaifeng's guard, but Zaifeng survived. On January 20, the Nanjing Provisional Government formally submitted to Feng Guozhang the preferential conditions for the abdication of the Qing Emperor. On January 22, Longyu convened a pre-imperial council, and Zai Ze, Pu Wei and other members of the Zongshe Party still tried their best to oppose the republic, and they suggested that Longyu use the gold and silver in the palace as a reward to wage war against the rebels, but the indecisive Longyu did not agree.

On January 22, Qiao Fu issued a statement in Ningning that as long as Feng Guozhang was in favor of the abdication of the Qing Emperor, he would immediately resign and give way to Feng Guozhang. But Lao Feng is a character after all, he knows that with Wu Chenxuan's tiger on his side, no one wants to sit in that position. So this guarantee was just for Lao Feng to listen to as a joke, but he didn't expect to be taken seriously by another big guy. This favored eunuch Zhang Lande, who lobbied and bribed Natong with interests and bribed the Empress Dowager Longyu with money, and threatened the Empress Dowager Longyu that the general trend was gone, and if the revolutionary army was killed in Beijing, the life of the royal family would be difficult to protect, and if it agreed to abdicate, there would be preferential conditions. On January 26, Cao Kun led 46 Beiyang generals to jointly send a telegram to demand the establishment of a republican form of government. On the same day, Liangbi, a hardliner of the Zongshe Party, was blown up and killed by Peng Jiazhen, a revolutionary. Since then, the relatives and nobles have either asked for leave or run away, and few people have come to the court. Pu Yi said in his autobiography that at that time, some princes ran into Dongjiaomin Lane, and the two brothers and sisters Zaifeng and Tieliang moved into the Wuying Hall of the Forbidden City at this time with treasures and a hundred and ten guards, ready to run away with the little emperor at any time.

On January 24 of the second year of Xuantong, British Minister Zhu Erdian, together with the ministers of France, Russia and Japan, declared that they were in favor of the abdication of the Qing Dynasty. The United States claimed that it did not want to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries, but because it had made careful arrangements with Wu Chenxuan in private, it refused to participate in a high-profile manner. On January 26, at the behest of Cao Kun, Qi Xieyuan, Wang Chengbin, Cao Qiang and other Beiyang direct generals, a total of 47 people, jointly sent a letter to the Cabinet, the Military Advisory Office, the War Department, and the princes and ministers, proposing that the People's Army had agreed to the preferential treatment of the Qing Dynasty royal family, royal family, and Manchu, Mongolian, and Tibetan ethnic groups, stating that "during the two months of this armistice, the people's army raised salaries and increased troops, spread all over the territory, and the six provinces of Lusu were neutral and blocked transportation. Our army has no backup, its strength is too weak, and it is necessary to take into account several roads, and the situation is lonely", and demanded that "I implore the Khan to make a clear decree, declare China and foreign countries, and establish a republican form of government." By February 2, the number of joint names had increased to more than 50 people, and even Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Zuoxiang, Tang Yulin and other warlords outside the Guanxi were also involved, basically including the military leaders of the seven northern provinces, and half of the Qing Dynasty was already crumbling.

The Wuchang Revolution aimed at opposing the absolute monarchy and establishing a bourgeois republic, and was a bourgeois-democratic revolution in a relatively complete sense. As Wu Chenxuan said in the newspaper: "There have always been anti-Qing movements, but the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois-democratic revolution in the real sense began with Mr. Qiaof." Although the leaders of the Wuchang Revolution and the insurrectionists who carried it out were inexperienced and full of mistakes, they did not lack the courage to collide head-on with the seemingly behemothic regime of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and they had clearly realized that revolution was necessary to save the country, and that the only way to save the country was to overthrow the feudal imperial power. It is a pity that their leaders once again made a choice that made people sigh when the revolutionary situation was good, which cast a haze over the bloody sacrifices of the Wuchang Uprising.

"With the abolition of the feudal imperial system, all kinds of ugly systems attached to the feudal imperial system will also be swept away, such as the hereditary system, the eunuch system, the coating system, and so on. The call for ethnic equality, civil rights and freedom, and people's livelihood and happiness echoed in the land of China. The unprecedented democratic atmosphere and the wave of bidding for industry will surely form a new situation in which Greater China is full of vitality. Wu Chenxuan's assertion on the post-Wuchang situation was published in the "Qilu Daily", which made the young students in the six provinces excited. And Wu Chenxuan's comment made Qiao Fu, Huang Kedi and others also understand that Wu Chenxuan's position was still on the side of the revolution, and the last straw of the Qing government was far away

Although Wei Yuan and others had also introduced the theory of evolution, the doctrine of natural human rights, the republican form of government, and the natural sciences to China, only the revolution truly brought democracy to this ancient land of the East. By propagating the doctrine of natural human rights, the people can fight for civil rights with confidence; Through the dissemination of Western bourgeois thought, people can understand the meaning of "freedom and equality"; By learning from the Western political party system, we advocate the role of a new type of political party. These theories on democracy and science have become people's ideological weapons for breaking down superstitions, emancipating their minds, opposing traditional feudal culture, carrying out violent revolutions, and overthrowing the imperial system, enhancing people's consciousness of democracy, and making ideological preparations for the establishment of a democratic republic. For this reason, I would like to express my reverence to several gentlemen who used the pen as a weapon to wage an indomitable battle against the rotten Qing regime, they are Zou Rong, Chen Tianhua, Zhang Taiyan, "Wu Chenxuan's words made the revolutionary literati take him as a confidant, and later in the confrontation with the revolutionary party, many literati of the revolutionary party threw themselves into Wu Chenxuan's account.

A Shaanxi man who rushed to Yanmen Pass from Yulin Fort read this passage and remembered the experience of boating in the East China Sea, and couldn't help but smile bitterly, but he didn't expect that he would still throw himself under the command of this unserious Lord Wu.