In addition to the criteria of outstanding meritorious service, relatively light battle losses, and a relatively high degree of advancement, we have also comprehensively considered such factors as the possibility of a large-scale land conflict for a long time to come, and the land forces of the Chinese National Defense Forces will begin to transform from large-scale mechanized units to rapidly mobile post-mechanized units. Lightweighting process. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

On November 1, the 27th year of the Taichu Dynasty, a forum on military reform of the Ministry of National Defense was held in the conference hall of the Xijiao Hotel in Jinan, the capital. At the meeting, Marshal Zhang Jianyuan, then Minister of National Defense, expressed an astonishing strategic determination: the Chinese National Defense Army will cut 1 million personnel!

By the end of World War II, China had demobilized its second-tier reserves, reducing the number of troops from 6.5 million to 4.3 million, of which 650,000 were navy and 150,000 were strategic strike forces. This million-dollar disarmament will mainly focus on the army and command organs, so that it seems that the Chinese National Defense Army, which has just emerged from the smoke of gunpowder, can be called a major operation that hurts the muscles and bones.

In this regard, Marshal Zhang Jianyuan, on the basis of a scientific analysis of China's national conditions, held that a country's security ultimately depends on a country's economic strength. At a time when everything is to be done after World War II, the country's economic construction is the overall situation, and we must work hard to boost the economy of China and the entire Chinese community, and everything must be subordinated to this overall situation. "The overall situation has improved, the national strength has been greatly enhanced, and we will develop a little more strategic weapons, update some equipment, whether it is in the air, at sea, or on land, it will be easier at that time, and in the next war, we will not mobilize young people on a large scale to defend the interests of the country with flesh and blood, but use more advanced armed forces to realize the strategic intentions of the country."

Due to the Fuhrer's prediction of a world war, China had actually begun to prepare for war 10 years before the war, and the problem of the "bloated" national defense forces had been around for a long time. Disarmament and "reducing swelling" was Wu Chenxuan's wish for a long time. According to incomplete statistics, in the 10 years before and after the war, Wu Chenxuan, the head of state, talked about the issue of "reducing swelling" dozens of times. After the outbreak of World War II, it was a large-scale mobilization of the first and second level of reserves, the expansion of independent troops, and the replenishment of front-line troops, making the total number of personnel of the Wehrmacht once exceeded 7 million, of course, this is still a certain gap with the 13 million troops mobilized before and after the Red Russia, 9.8 million in Germany, 7.5 million in the United States, and 7.2 million in Japan. However, considering the equipment level and logistical support requirements of the Chinese army, the amount of material supply is enough to be more than three times that of the Red Russian army, and even China's world's largest economic level is somewhat inadequate. Some military generals worry that drastic cuts in personnel will weaken the army's combat effectiveness. Zhang Jianyuan made a vivid analogy: Can a fat man fight? In order to save more money, improve weaponry and equipment, and, more importantly, improve the quality of military and political affairs, the armed forces must reduce their numbers.

From May 23 to June 6, the 28th year of the Taichu Dynasty, an enlarged meeting of the Ministry of National Defense was held in Beijing. On 5 June, Wu Chenxuan, the head of state, solemnly announced at the meeting that the Imperial Government of China had decided to reduce the number of personnel in the National Defense Force, the Internal Guard Army, and the Royal Air Force by 1 million.

In the course of several downsizing and reorganization of the National Defense Forces since its establishment, the same problem has appeared many times: The organs have been streamlined once and expanded once, and they have been reduced and increased at the same time, and they have been compared with each other, and they have been superfluous in their work, and they have fallen into a vicious circle of "downsizing, adding, streamlining, and increasing the number of personnel," and there has even been an abnormal phenomenon in which the number of additional personnel is greater than the number of personnel reduced.

In the face of more than 4 million troops, the key issue in how to proceed with the reduction lies in finding out where the main "bloat" of the army is. Although the Chinese army at that time had 4.3 million troops (excluding the Royal Air Force), the company was not full, and it was the organs at all levels that were bloated. Organs at all levels, there are too many deputy positions, the staff of the organs are bloated, and there are "librarians", "typewriters of confidential documents", and so on. At that time, the ratio of officers and soldiers in the world's major countries was: Britain was 1:7; 1:10 in Germany; 1:12 in the United States; France is 1:17, while China is 1:3.5. Defense Minister Zhang Jianyuan pointed out sharply at a forum of the Ministry of National Defense: It is not "swollen" in combat units but in leading organs at all levels. Therefore, it is not so much a "good soldier" as an "elite officer". He also said frankly: "This is an offending thing!" I'll offend! Do not leave this contradiction to the new chief. ”

In accordance with the instructions of the General Staff Headquarters, the 28 years of streamlining and reorganization in the early 28 years of Taichu mainly adopted the methods of withdrawal, merger, reduction, handover, reform, and rationalization. "Withdrawal" means the withdrawal of troops in a structured manner, including the withdrawal of group armies and divisions; "Merger" is mainly the merger of institutions, such as the merger of military regions, the merger of colleges and universities, etc.; "Downgrading" refers to lowering the organizational level of some units and reducing their scale, such as reducing the number of group army-level institutions to divisional level. "Handover", that is, handing over some of the organs and troops that belong to government functions, such as reserve forces and internal security forces, to the relevant departments of the state and local governments; "Administration" refers to the implementation of enterprise management in some support units, and the use of non-commissioned officers or soldiers in some cadres' posts. "Rationalization" refers to adjusting and straightening out the relationship between all aspects. The above-mentioned methods for reforming the system can not only achieve the goal of reducing the number of personnel and eliminating "swelling," but also eliminate the drawbacks of the old system and promote the scientific and rational establishment of the military structure.

In January of the 29th year of the Taichu Dynasty, when talking about the streamlining of institutions, General Zhang Jianyuan said that the streamlining of the palace was a problem involving millions of large, medium, and small cadres, and that this problem was very big. "However, the first rule is to be determined, and the second is to be meticulous. No matter how detailed, it is inevitable that there will be inconsiderate care, and this will be said to the front. Many of the practices that took place in the disarmament that took place in the five years after the war fully reflected Zhang Jianyuan's style.

As far as the entire military is concerned, almost every person is faced with the choice of advancing, retreating, going, and staying, and the interests of almost every military family will be touched. No wonder some people say that this is a "three-dimensional shock" from top to bottom and from the inside to the outside, and a "major surgery" that has been reborn. Overnight, 600,000 cadres of the people's army were listed as "supernumerary," and one-quarter of the formed units of the army units had to be abolished, including those units with a glorious history of several decades and outstanding military exploits.

In the face of the abolition of the 12th Group Army, some cadres asked Wang Bingzhang, commander of the 12th Group Army, to go to the head of the Ministry of National Defense and suggest that the 12th Group Army should not be abolished. Wang Bingzhang earnestly advised everyone: "The million-dollar disarmament is a wise decision made by the head of state and the Ministry of National Defense, and we must obey it unconditionally. As for which group army to abolish, it will have to wait for the Ministry of Defense to decide, and none of us has the right to interfere with the decision of the upper peak. I can't go to the door myself, and I don't allow you to do it. "Thanks to the joint efforts of Wang Bingzhang and other leaders of the 12th Group Army, the handover of the group army after its abolition went very smoothly.

A machine infantry regiment stationed in Jinan, formerly known as the "Independent Security Detachment" formed during the insurance group of the Chamber of Commerce; During the civil war, it was changed to "a regiment directly under the column". The regiment moved to the north and south, and its reputation grew. After the news spread that the regiment was going to be merged, the cadres and soldiers could not figure it out for a while. Therefore, the regiment invited the old regiment commander to talk about traditions, organize a new understanding of the regiment's history, and work on various problems that arose "from the tip of the needle to the wheat." After hard work, everyone finally understood: cherishing honor should become a driving force to obey the overall situation, and should not become a resistance; Glorious traditions should be carried forward in streamlining and reorganization.

In May of the 28th year of the Taichu Dynasty, at the monthly Chinese and foreign press conferences held by the Ministry of National Defense, Zhu Yunjie, chief of the General Staff of the General Staff, announced: "The task of streamlining and reorganizing the National Defense Forces has been basically completed!" After the reduction of 1 million posts, the total quota of the army is 3 million. ”

The four general departments, all branches of the armed forces, all group armies, and the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of National Defense and their directly subordinate units have been abolished and merged, and their personnel have been reduced by 40 percent. The original 10 group armies were merged into seven group armies, and the readjusted group armies no longer directly administered the troops, and the division-level combat units became an aggregate of elite units after being streamlined and merged, thus enhancing the independent combat capability of division-level units. The proportions of the various branches of the armed forces have been adjusted to a considerable extent, and the specialized technical units have been strengthened. Compared with the divisions of the former army, the firepower, assault force, and mobility capabilities of the composite divisions have been strengthened, and the combined training and combat capability under modern conditions have been enhanced. A number of junior command academies and professional and technical academies have been abolished or merged throughout the army. The number of colleges and universities has been reduced by 30 percent, the number of faculty and staff has been reduced by 45 percent, many colleges and universities have been transferred to local areas, and many military and civilian general majors have also relied on local colleges and universities for training.

In accordance with the principle of professionalism, knowledge, and specialization, the leading bodies of the four general departments, the seven major group armies, and the armed forces of the armed forces have been readjusted and appointed. Some people liken this to both "swelling" and "blood transfusion". After the adjustment, the number of the leading bodies of the four general departments has been reduced by 23.8 percent, and the number of leading bodies of the group armies has been reduced by half. In terms of average age, the original age has dropped from 64.9 years old to 54.7 years old, and there are chief cadres in each group army who are about 40 or 50 years old, basically forming a ladder structure of age. The knowledge structure has also been further improved, with 95 percent of the cadres having a college education or above, and 75 percent of the cadres having been trained in specialized colleges.

The backbone units of the abolished 10th, 12th, and 15th Group Armies were transferred to other group armies, while the mechanized infantry divisions and mountain divisions of various units were greatly reduced and merged, and the rapid reaction divisions and airborne troops were retained to a relatively large extent. Seven armoured divisions remained, while others were mothballed or transferred to other countries of the Community, and some equipment was sold to Germany and the newly formed State of Israel. The infantry combat units have also been mostly converted into lightweight rapid mechanized units, and the rapid reaction units have been merged with the army aviation units to form four new air cavalry brigades, which have become the army's rapid deployment units. The Mountain Division only retained the 10th "Rock Antelope" Division, the 20th Mountain Ghost Division, and the 91st "Mandrill" Mountain Instructor. The core of the new Wehrmacht consists of 7 armored divisions, 9 rapid mechanized divisions, 3 mountain divisions and 4 air cavalry brigades, while the rest of the units exist in the form of second-line shelf units. Other countries of the Greater China Community have also modeled their own national defense forces in accordance with their own characteristics, and many of them are top-notch units that complement the Chinese National Defense Forces, and have also become important supplementary forces of the Chinese National Defense Forces in the future.