One of the most common pastimes of sitting still is listening to the radio. In the twenties, standard radios made in China and various models of radios copied by American electronics manufacturers became the nucleus of American households, and listening to Radio Columbia's current affairs around the radio above the fireplace after dinner was almost the norm for middle-class American families. The public's thirst for news analysis and news interpretation brought current affairs commentator Raymond?? Gramm?? Swain, Cattenburn, Lowell?? Thomas, Gabriel?? Hitt and others listened intently to their views on international current events with unprecedented fame. By the years of the Great Depression, the volume of messages transmitted through the guò radio had almost doubled.

The best radio propagandist was President Roosevelt himself, whose heart-warming civilian epithet, "my friend," had been adopted as early as his 1920 campaign for vice president. He always appealed directly and intimately to the people, a gesture that forged a personal leadership style that was unprecedented in terms of its influence. After a day of "fireside chats", 50,000 listeners often receive letters. The recordings of all these speeches show the variation in Roosevelt's oratorical technique, from the old-fashioned style of Hung Chung Da Lu, with the kind of eloquent pauses learned in the pre-radio era, to a deeper tone, and a softer, more relaxed, more charming speech that is more suitable for listeners who only hear and do not see the people. This also gained Roosevelt a large number of loyal fans, becoming the first recipients of his New Deal.

And film, which was the fourth largest industry in the country in the last decade, is still the most important commercial entertainment. In particular, the joy of hearing the voices of the stars who had admired the silent film for a long time pushed the film industry into the first small wave of the Great Depression.

The Walt Disney Company came to Hollywood from the Midwest in 1926 and created "Mickey Mouse" two years later, but Mickey Mouse in the silent film was unsuccessful until the sound film Steamboat Willie (1928) set the resourceful rodent on the path of a cosmopolitan protagonist. Towards the end of the 1930s, Mickey Mouse is said to have gradually given way to Disney's later creation of another cartoon character, "Donald Duck". However, the audience did not know when they were happy that these American media companies held Chinese shares☆dǐng☆diǎn☆small☆said.2↖3.o√s_(); Gaining the upper hand, Disney's 75 percent stake is controlled by three Cayman Islands investment firms, which are controlled by several Swiss-registered investment banks, whose capital and control are in the hands of the Royal Chinese Standard Group.

In response to the American audience's need for spiritual comfort during the Great Depression, most of the films were designed to escape from reality, and most reflected the tastes of tired or burned adults. What they seek is a haven of luxury and legend, sex and emotion, which is far less wholesome for young movie buffs than the Disney world.

As the Great Depression approached, about 19 out of 20 adults were newspaper readers, three-quarters read magazines, and one-half read books. The economic crisis has done only minor damage to newsstands and magazine shelves, which are always small in cost, but it has dealt a severe blow to the book industry, while burgeoning public libraries are struggling to find money. Millions of people who have nothing to do suddenly find that the public library is simply a poor man's club, a warm and quiet place to flip through and doze off.

In 1933, the American Library Association estimated that between 2 million and 3 million new borrowers had been added since 1929, while total book circulation had increased by nearly 50 percent. Occasionally, patrons would say to the librarian, "If it weren't for the library, I would have gone crazy or killed myself." ”

At first, the biggest beneficiary, both the Western and Easy magazines gradually increased their large readership, and then slowly turned to books on technical and intellectual topics. Unfortunately, however, at this very juncture where the opportunity for development is greatest, the library groans under the weight of poverty.

In 60 major cities, the cost of books shrank from two to three million dollars a year in 1931 to less than $1 million in 1933. In the year of the 1933 Chicago World's Fair, Chicago tried to bring its best to the world. The Chicago Library, on the other hand, faced a third consecutive quarter without money to buy books. The inability to replace damaged old books, improve poor service, and shorten borrowing times are the most common obstacles. It wasn't until the middle years of the Great Depression that the reviving national economy allowed libraries to return to their former standards. In addition to providing a large number of books introducing Chinese history and reality to American libraries, the China Book Publishing Alliance also provided an annual aid of 5 million Chinese yuan to fund Sino-US cultural exchange projects, and the image of Chinese in the United States became positive and positive during this period, and a strong national defense force, rapid economic development, and more and more Sino-US exchange students made a China that had caught up with the United States gradually familiar to Americans.

In the face of China's dazzling achievements in all aspects, in addition to the sophistries of white supremacists, many high-level people in the United States are deeply reflecting on the comparison and trying to find a good way to save the US economy from China's experience. At the beginning of 1933, Franklin?? Roosevelt replaced the burnt Hoover and was elected the 32nd president of the United States. In view of the reality of the time and in line with the will of the broad masses of the people, he drastically implemented a series of policy measures aimed at overcoming the crisis, which was historically known as the "Roosevelt's New Deal", and the main content of the New Deal can be summarized by the "three R's", namely, reconstruction (ROR), relief (R), and reform (ROR). Because the Great Depression was triggered by a financial crisis caused by frenzied speculation. President Roosevelt boldly borrowed from China's policy of strict control of finance and the foreign exchange market, and his new policy also began with financial rectification. Of the 15 important pieces of legislation enacted during the so-called "100-day New Deal" (9 March to 16 June 1933), laws relating to finance accounted for one-third. When Roosevelt was sworn in as president on March 4, 1933, there was hardly a single bank in the country, and checks were no longer cashable in Washington*Shangton. At Roosevelt's request, on 9 March, the US Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act, deciding to adopt a system of individual examination and licensing of banks, and to allow solvent banks to resume business as much as possible. From March 13 to 15, 14,771 banks had been licensed to reopen, 10,797 out of 25,568 before the 1929 crisis. The extraordinary measures taken by Roosevelt to straighten out the financial situation played a tremendous role in cleaning up the mess and stabilizing people's minds. Public opinion commented that this action was like "a lightning bolt in a dark and dreary sky".

Roosevelt, while reorganizing the banks, also took action to strengthen the foreign economic position of the United States. Beginning with the announcement on March 10, 1933 of the cessation of gold exports, one heavy measure after another was taken: on April 5, a ban on private storage of gold and gold securities was announced, and the exchange of US dollar bills for huàn gold was stopped, and on April 19, gold exports were banned, abandoning the gold standard; On June 5, public and private debts were abolished and repaid in gold; On January 10, 1934, it was announced that a $3 billion banknote would be issued guaranteed by state securities and that the dollar would be devalued by 40.94%. The depreciation of the U.S. dollar has strengthened the competitiveness of U.S. goods to foreign countries. These measures have played an important role in stabilizing the situation and channeling the blood circulation in economic life. However, under the boycott of the loose alliance of China, Japan, Britain and France (colonies) led by China, very few American products entered the Chinese and Japanese markets except for those produced by the processing factories set up by China and Japan in the United States, and the British colonies were not friendly to American goods, and in addition to the traditional American markets, a large number of American exports were actually sold to Red Russia and Central and Eastern Europe. In the face of real money, the controversy of doctrines has become pale and ridiculous.

During the "100-day New Deal," Roosevelt not only solved the banking problem, but also tried his best to get Congress to pass the "Agricultural Adjustment Act" and the "National Industrial Recovery Act," which became the right-hand men of the entire New Deal. Roosevelt demanded that the capitalists abide by the rules of "fair competition" and set the scale, price, and scope of production of each enterprise; The minimum wage and maximum working hours were set for the workers, thus limiting the monopoly and reducing and easing the tense class contradictions. After receiving the reluctant support of large business, Roosevelt then tried to enlist the support of small and medium-sized business owners. While it is important for large companies to embrace the Industrial Recovery Act, he said, "the areas that will yield fruitful results are also small employers, whose contribution will be to provide new jobs for one to 10 people." These small employers are in fact a vital part of the backbone of the country, and the success or failure of our programs depends to a large extent on them. "The development of small and medium-sized enterprises has played a positive role in the stability of American society and economic recovery.

Another important element of the New Deal was relief work. In May 1933, Congress passed the Federal Emergency Relief Act and established the Federal Emergency Relief Agency, which quickly allocated all kinds of relief funds and materials to the states, and the following year changed the simple relief to "cash for work" to provide the unemployed with opportunities to engage in public services and maintain the self-reliance and self-esteem of the unemployed. In the early years of Roosevelt's administration, more than 17 million unemployed people and their relatives across the country relied on the help and handouts of state and municipal governments and private philanthropic causes. But this part of the financial resources is a drop in the bucket compared to such a large army of unemployed. Only the federal government can solve this complex social problem. The first act of Roosevelt's New Deal was to urge Congress to approve the Guò Civil Resource Protection Corps program. The programme recruited 250,000 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who were able-bodied and unemployed, and were engaged in tree planting, flood control, soil and water conservation, road construction, forest fire prevention lines and forest watchtowers, with the first 250,000 people recruited to work in 1,500 camps throughout the states. Before the U.S. entered the war, more than 2 million young people had worked in the organization, and they had opened up more than 7.4 million acres of state-owned forest and a large number of state-owned parks. On average, each person works for nine months per term, and the vast majority of their monthly salary is used as family support, thus expanding the scope of relief and the corresponding purchasing power of the whole society. For the millions of people who depend on the states and cities for their sustenance, Roosevelt also urged Congress to pass the federal emergency relief law, establish a federal relief agency, rationalize the proportion of use between the federal government and the states, and formulate preferential policies to encourage local governments to use them directly for the poor and unemployed. During the New Deal period, there were a variety of relief agencies throughout the United States, which can be divided into two major systems: the Public Works Administration (the government has allocated more than $4 billion) and the Civil Works Department (nearly $1 billion), which has built 180,000 minor works projects nationwide, including school buildings, bridges, embankments, sewer systems, post offices and administrative offices and other public buildings, which have attracted 4 million jobs and found a place for the vast number of unskilled unemployed workers. Later, several new relief agencies were established. The most well-known of these are the $5 billion Congressional Construction Agency and the National Youth Administration, which specifically targets young people, which together employ more than half of the country's workforce. By the eve of World War II, the federal government had spent $18 billion on various construction costs and a small amount of direct relief costs, which had enabled the U.S. government to build nearly 1,000 airfields, more than 12,000 athletic fields, and more than 800 school buildings and hospitals, creating jobs not only for artisans, unskilled workers, and the construction industry, but also for thousands of unemployed artists. This money passes through the pockets of the workers, through different channels and consumption, and then returns to the hands of the capitalists, becoming the "driving water" for stimulating private consumption and individual investment with government investment.

The second phase of the "New Deal", which began in 1935, focused on the first phase of the social insurance bill, the national labor relations bill, the public utilities bill and other regulations, and consolidated the achievements of the new deal in the form of legislation. According to Roosevelt, a government "is not a government that can survive or should survive if it fails to care for the old and sick, if it fails to provide work for the able-bodied, if it does not inject young people into the industrial system, and if it does not allow the shadow of insecurity to loom over every family," and that social insurance should be responsible for the entire life "from cradle to grave." To that end, the Social Insurance Act was enacted, which provided for a pension of $10 to $85 per month for wage earners who retired at the age of 65, depending on the level of wages. With regard to unemployment insurance, Roosevelt explained: "Not only will it help individuals avoid relying on handouts in the event of future layoffs, but it will also cushion the shock of economic hardship by maintaining purchasing power." "Half of the premiums are paid by the incumbent worker and the employer at the rate of 1 per cent of the worker's wages, and the other half is paid by the federal government.

While revived Americans rejoiced in the miracle of their President Roosevelt, they didn't really see that these measures had been in place in the far East, in China, for nearly two decades. Whether it is the "Labor Protection Regulations", the "Social Insurance Law", or the medical insurance and social assistance mechanisms covering the whole society, they are already very mature and accustomed to the system. In the first decade when the United States came out of the quagmire, China, which had been developing rapidly for a quarter of a century, had begun to move towards new glories.