The Paris Peace Conference was originally a meeting of the great powers, and all major issues at the Peace Conference were discussed and decided by the Conference of the Six Powers first. First, there was the "Council of Twelve", which consisted of Wilson and Lansing of the United States, George and Belfort of Lloyd's 61 of the United Kingdom, Clemenceau and Bi Sheng of France, Wu Chenxuan and Lu Zhengxiang of China, Konobu and Nobuaki Makino of Saionji in Japan, and Orlando and Sannino of Italy. The "Conference of Twelve" is a "regular formal meeting" of the six major powers, and more than 60 times have been held during the peace conference. From March 26, 1919, the "Conference of Twelve" was reduced to a "Conference of Six", that is, the heads of Britain, France, the United States, Italy, China, and Japan held private consultations on European issues at the conference (on April 23, Italian Prime Minister Orlando left the meeting, and the heads of Britain, France, the United States, China, and Japan controlled the situation in the form of a "five-member meeting").

The plenary session of the Paris Peace Conference, the plenary session of the G-27, was held only six times during the peace conference, and it was completely a formality. At the formal peace conference, the representatives of the Entente and the former enemy countries met separately, once to present the final draft of the peace treaty, and the other to sign the peace treaty. The Peace Conference has 52 special committees attached to the League of Nations, Reparations, Territorial Issues, Treaty Drafting, War Responsibility, and International River Port Railway. China has participated in 28 of them, and has become the initiator and signatory of many international organizations, and the brand of Chinese diplomats has also been launched in the international diplomatic circles, which are dominated by white skins. Diplomacy has always been based on comprehensive national strength and national will, just like the defeated Germany, even if there are first-class diplomats, they can only wait outside the door to announce the verdict.

On June 23, the Treaty of Versailles was finally signed, consisting of 15 parts and 440 articles. Under the terms of the treaty, Germany lost 13.5% of its territory, 12.05% of its population, all of its overseas colonies (including German East Africa, German South-West Africa, Cameroon, Togo, and German New Guinea), 16% of its coal-producing areas, and half of its steel industry. The west bank of the Rhine was occupied by the Allies, and the east bank was an undefended zone within 50 kilometers. Germany was forbidden to implement compulsory military service, and only 100,000 troops were allowed to be retained. Germany was forbidden to have an air force, tanks and submarines, and naval power was severely limited.

On November 11, 1918, when the war was armistic, Alsace and Lorraine were ceded to France, restoring the borders of France before the Franco-Prussian War.

North Schleswig returned to Denmark after a referendum.

Recognition of Polish independence and granting the Polish coastline. the return of the territories formerly belonging to Poland, including West Prussia, the Posen Voivodeship, part of East Prussia and part of Upper Silesia; To the east Silesia to Czechoslovakia.

Danzig was administered by the League of Nations and was called the Free City of Danzig.

ceding Euburn and Salmedi to Belgium; Klaipeda region to Lithuania (1923).

The Saarland coal mining area was administered by France for 15 years, and then a referendum was held to determine its ownership.

Germany recognized Austria's independence and could never merge with it.

Italy takes Istania and Tyrol

Recognition of the independence of Luxembourg.

The German colonies in the Far East and Oceania, with the exception of Qingdao, which had been assigned to China, were divided among the United States, China, and Japan. The Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, the Mariana Islands, Nauru Islands, the Bisman Islands, and Western Samoa were each given to the three countries by way of trusteeship. The colonization of Africa and the Americas was divided between Britain, France, and the United States. In addition, other unequal treaties were concluded with other defeated countries.

Through the Treaty of Versailles signed at the Paris Peace Conference, the Treaty of the League of Nations, and the peace treaties with other defeated countries after the Conference, the general political, economic, and military relations and institutions in the post-war world were established in the form of treaty law, that is, the so-called Versailles system. Britain and France advocated the establishment of the Versailles system, which was intended to consolidate the achievements of the First World War in the repartition of the world, and at the same time to organize armed intervention, economic blockade, and subversive sabotage against Red Russia, the sworn enemy of the Great Powers. However, the Paris Peace Conference was far from harmonious, and the intrigue during the period was almost on the verge of the Cold War. Britain and France have been exhausted, interfering in Russia is a heavy task that they cannot accomplish, and the idea of isolation in the United States has re-prevailed, and the United States, which has to shrink its forces in order to win the election, has no time to make a move with the old man. It is certainly possible to arm some mercenaries such as the White Russian Army and the Czech Corps, but the decisive blow on the Western Front has never been able to deliver, and the intervention has become far away. The only thing that can be relied on now is the performance of China and Japan on the Eastern Front, especially the rapid attack mode of the Chinese Expeditionary Force's aircraft, artillery and armor, which is particularly suitable for the vast Siberian Plain, of course, under the condition of adequate supplies.

Will China take advantage of Britain and France? The answer was not under the control of Britain and France, which made the two old powers, accustomed to manipulating the world, uncomfortable. In order to encourage China to participate in the war to encircle and suppress Red Russia, Britain and France not only recognized the documentary evidence presented by China that the Red Russia agreed to return 1.58 million square kilometers of Chinese territory, but also guaranteed that the White Russian government, which would return to China in the future, would also recognize this commitment. At the Paris Peace Conference, China legally recovered Qingdao and the surrounding German-occupied Jiaoao Governorate, and reached an agreement with all European and American powers to immediately cease all reparation obligations inherited from the Great Qing Dynasty, abolish consular jurisdiction and other unequal rights, abolish all unequal treaties within two years, and return all concessions. Both Hong Kong and Macao were to be handed over to China by the end of the 12th year of the Republic, and of course China was to forgive Britain, France, and Portugal some of their arms and material loans. China will receive 3.5 percent of the German-Austrian war reparations, making it the fourth largest creditor of Germany and Austria after France (56 percent), Britain (28 percent), and the United States (5 percent), while Japan will receive only 1.5 percent.

In order to make up for Japan's wounded little mind, the proportion of Japan and China in the distribution of the remaining ships of the German Navy was reversed, China only received 2 10,000-ton cruisers and 4 destroyers of no more than 2,000 tons, while Japan received a King-class battleship "Domainhou" with a conventional displacement of 25,390 tons and a battlecruiser "Seydlitz" with a conventional displacement of 24,594 tons, as well as a cruiser and six destroyers, with a displacement six times that of China. Britain, France, and the United States appreciated the high posture of the Chinese delegation on the issue of warship allocation, and China took the opportunity to request that the warships assigned to it be disarmed and used as transport ships and inshore fire support ships to transport a division of the expeditionary force to Finland, and work with the Finnish Army to protect the Russian-Finnish border and deter the Red Russian army. This proposal was approved by Britain, France, and the United States, and Japan had no reason to ignore it, so the 400 officers and men sent from the Yantai naval base and the 210 crew members supported by the China Ocean Shipping Group accepted the two cruisers and four destroyers anchored in the port of Kiel under the protection of a rapid reaction division equipped with wheeled armor, and parted ways with the high seas fleet bound for Scarpa Bay, and sailed directly to the port of Bufenheim, Finland.

June 28 was the last day of the Paris Peace Conference and the day all the victorious powers signed the peace treaty. As the victorious Chinese representatives, all the delegates to the meeting were dressed up to attend the meeting, and Wu Chenxuan was the fourth to sign the contract on behalf of the Chinese* government, and behind him was a gloomy face of Makino Shinsen, and the prince of Xiyuan Temple did not attend the signing ceremony at all due to health reasons.

Why?

It turned out that the purpose of the Japanese delegation's visit to Paris was threefold. That is, even if the territory of Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong Province occupied by Germany before the war could not be returned to Japan, it had to fight for compensation, take over all of Germany's island colonies in the Pacific, and force China to recognize Japan's occupation of Taiwan, Xianguo, and Kwantung Prefecture and gain worldwide recognition.

Originally, Japan participated in the Entente at that time, fought against the Allies, supported the Entente with a large amount of supplies (of course, it received money), and also sent 50,000 elite troops to fight on the Russian front, sacrificing more than 2,000 people. As the victorious power, Japan originally thought that even if it could not claim back the land on the Shandong Peninsula that Germany had forcibly occupied, it would be able to get some compensation, which was a natural thing, but the Anglo-American law ignored Japan's demands, and China refused to negotiate on this matter with a bad attitude. Because of the backbone role played by the expeditionary force, the great results of the Chinese air force forced the foreign powers to admit China's superiority in aviation, and China's position skyrocketed, squeezing out Japan, which has the world's fourth largest navy, and Italy, which has the seventh largest navy, and becoming the fourth largest power after Britain, France, and the United States at the conference.

It's a meeting, it's a meeting, and the Japanese delegation can't get to the table anyway. It seems that there is no play in begging for the return of Qingdao, so retreat to the next best thing and confirm Taiwan, Xianguo and Kwantung Prefecture. However, the great powers were stunned and did not give face to the Japanese Empire. When the great powers discussed the Far East, Wilson pretended to be a good person and said: The Jiaoao Governorate was finally defeated by the Chinese army, but Japan had also declared war on Germany before and had killed many people. The Chinese side feels that it doesn't matter, Qingdao is mine anyway, just come in. As a result, the Japanese delegation was given the only opportunity to defend its interests in a formal and public arena during the peace conference, which was a successful sneak attack for Japan. After learning about the statement of the Japanese delegation, the Chinese delegation was still very calm, didn't it say that it was okay, Japan did not break through the last line of defense of the German army in 30 days, and we completed the occupation in only one week, and there are still doubts about the ownership of Qingdao? In the presence of the well-reasoned Chinese delegation, Japan gave its reasons. The Japanese said first: First: We sent troops to fight the Germans in Shandong, and there were still dead people, which I got in exchange for with blood and sweat, and you just picked up a bargain. Second: At that time, Britain and France pulled Japan into the war, and it was okay to say that if I fought the Germans, Qingdao would be mine. Third: How can the Japanese Army, which fought to the death with the Germans in the ice and snow, and made great sacrifices, without considering Japan's interests!

Gu Weijun, spokesman for the Chinese delegation, immediately retorted: First, regardless of whether or not there is a secret treaty on participation in the war, the disposal of China's territory by any country without the authorization of the legitimate Chinese government is illegal and invalid. Second, in the international negotiations between China and Japan on the Qingdao issue, the Japanese side has promised that the Japanese army did not defeat the Germans within the specified time, but China did. Thirdly, when we signed the treaty with the Germans, it was clearly written in black and white that German things could not be transferred to a third country. You think you can grab it, we have never recognized that these rights can be transferred! This is Gu Weijun's level!

The Japanese who were tricked used their diplomatic advantage to exchange interests with the United States, but the United States also believed that Japan, which was co-opted by the British, was not a reliable spokesman for the East, so Wilson also maintained a fair face that did not help each other.