Section 216 Seeking America up and down

Although Dai Hongci said that he had been mixed with the system in the Qing court all his life, he was quite serious about his constitutional investigation, including visits and inspections of national and local houses in Japan and the United States, inspection of local self-government, and conversations with some experts. There are as many as 11 places in the house mentioned in the diary, and basically every region has an inspection of the local house, of course, it also highlights the purpose and mission of Dai Hongci's trip, which is one of the "examination ministers".

During his visit to the United States, Dai Wu's delegation mainly inspected the US Senate and House of Representatives, and Dai Hongci's report recorded that in the United States, "the gentry of the House of Lords are elected by the provinces...... Two people per province...... The term of office is six years...... The House of Commons is elected by the local government", with the Vice-President as the Speaker, and the House of Commons elects its own Speaker, mainly "on fundraisers". The qualifications, number of legislators, length of office, election methods, etc., vary to name a few. Each country has regulations on the qualifications and election methods of interpreters, and Hongci also examined this. 3. Rules and regulations of the House of Representatives, etc. After investigation, Dai Hongci found that each country has its own methods and rules, but the basic principle is to maintain the checks and balances of power, and separate the legislative, executive, and judicial functions, that is, the "separation of powers". Dai Hongci only gave a general account of the system of the parliaments of various countries that he had inspected, and said that "he wrote in detail, and I will briefly describe it for future reference", and "his book" refers to the twists and turns of the delegation after returning to China and the written report on the parliamentary system of various countries prepared by Dai Hongci and Duanfang, etc., but unfortunately Cixi Lafayette only planned to brush a layer of gold dust on the outside of the palace wall that had been torn apart, and as for the plan to break the three major halls, it was not to even think about it.

During their stay in the United States, Dai Hongci and Wu Chenxuan invited several economics professors from Columbia University to talk about the major financial issues, and roughly grouped the income into six aspects, namely, "First, determine the importance of the plain; Second, it is advisable to set up bureaus in each province in order to convert them into parity and straightforwardness, and do not use the names of each province; Third, according to the degree of people's consumption, the amount of casting is determined; Fourth, it is advisable to set the price of pounds first to avoid losses; Fifth, it is advisable to imitate the deposit of various countries as the standard; Sixth, it is advisable to borrow money to mint gold dollars, supplemented by paper money." Wu Chenxuan's attachés wrote down all this information, all of which were to prepare for the actual development after returning to China. Wu Chenxuan's MBA concept made the professors of Columbia University astonished, and the new management disciplines that emerged after World War II, such as macroeconomics, human resource management, enterprise comprehensive project management, enterprise innovation management, strategic management, and operation management, made these professors refreshed. Not surprisingly, before leaving the United States, the economics departments of several Ivy League universities expressed their intention to establish long-term reciprocal academic exchanges with Shandong University on the other side of the ocean.

As for the inspection of industry, it is the main focus of Wu Chenxuan, and Dai Hongci and Wu Chenxuan have visited and inspected many factories and companies. In the inspection of the U.S. factory, Dai Hongci mainly examined the following aspects of a factory: first, the scale and facilities; Second, the process of work; 3. The situation of workers, welfare and logistics services, etc. In order to better illustrate and compare, Dai Hongci also listed detailed tables, such as comparing textile mills and weaving companies in the eastern United States; He also described some relatively large and civilized companies in the world in detail, hoping to understand the reasons why large foreign companies are prosperous, so as to provide valuable experience for the establishment of large factories in China after returning to China. Wu Chenxuan's business cooperation, private work is very energetic, Shandong Chamber of Commerce's various marketing contracts, technical cooperation agreements, procurement contracts, etc., a whole two large suitcases for the Chamber of Commerce to send back to China. The paper in it may be worthless now, but when they do become a reality, the increase in Shandong's economic aggregate will be far from comparable to that of gold of the same weight.

Dai Wutuan's inspection of higher education was mainly to a few prestigious schools in the eastern United States, and like general education, in terms of the number of students and teachers, school facilities, and the availability of female students. In his diary, Dai Hongci recorded these aspects in detail, which shows that he did investigate carefully. In terms of specialized education, we mainly visit and inspect the craft schools, craft schools, agricultural colleges, electrical colleges, chemical colleges, water master schools, and military academies of various countries, in an effort to learn from the development and management experience of modern specialized education from advanced foreign countries. At that time, China's educational modernization was just beginning, except for Shandong, and although it was known that "the foundation of the strong and rich belongs to academics," and that "since the beginning of the year, the Ming edict has promoted learning, and the world has turned to the wind," but "there are many different methods, the purpose is not consistent, the macro rules have not been determined, and the malpractices are growing day by day." Therefore, it is necessary to have an understanding of the popularization of education in various countries, the situation of school opening, the funds required to establish schools, the number of teachers, and the subjects taught. Wu Chenxuan also knew that the Qing court, which had less than ten years of longevity left, was obviously unable to do this kind of work of cultivating people for a hundred years, so he was more in this regard to strive for cooperation and study abroad places, as for scholarships or something, it was okay to use the name of the standard Montague Group and the name of the newly established Pan American Group, anyway, the economic development of American schools is relatively good, even if it is not impossible to sell a few famous schools through capital operation, it is not difficult to spend money on hundreds of study places.

Dai Hongci and Wu Chenxuan also inspected prisons in the United States, mainly in the following aspects: 1. The cost of prisons. Every time he visited a prison, Hongci would carefully write down the required expenses for reference when he returned to his home country. 2. Prison equipment and environment. Dai Hongci saw that each prison had a high wall to separate the prisoners, and each prison was divided into different numbers of cells according to the size, and there were separate men and women, and a high platform was set up in the center of the prison to look out and prevent the prisoners from escaping, and in the room, beds, tables and daily necessities were all available, and "the food place was also clean, with beef and mutton, bread, and water for them", and there was also an infirmary for the prisoners to provide physical examination and treatment of diseases; Comparing the lives of the inmates in Chinese prisons at that time, they lamented that "prisons are not for prisoners to suffer". 3. Methods of prison management. Prison management: Prisoners are trained in arts and crafts in almost every prison, so that they can master some skills that they can use to earn a living when they are released from prison in the future. Prison visit system: Prisoners have the opportunity to meet their loved ones and have brief exchanges. Reward and punishment system: For those who perform better, their sentences can be commuted and released early according to the circumstances, while those who commit serious crimes will be put in prison and their freedom can be restricted. IV. Examination of Methods for the Education of Convicts. This is also a relatively important aspect, and Dai Hongci has made a detailed investigation and record of this. There are classrooms in the prison, and "subjects taught are German, religion, singing, business and glorification, ranging from three to four hours a day". 5. Investigation of women's prisons. When "Dai Wu Tuan" visited the prisons in the United States, he also visited the women's prisons, and Dai Hongci felt that "they are especially clean, almost no different from inns." Female prisoners learn the arts, and they all learn to be embellished with needles and sewing." Perhaps his account is a bit exaggerated, but at that time, Chinese women had no social status, and there were almost no real women's prisons in China, compared to the women's prisons in the West, which were naturally much more advanced.

The "Dai Wu Regiment" visited the United States very extensively, and also paid a short visit to the US Army's West Point Military Academy and the Navy's Annapolis Military Academy. As well as the investigation of theaters, museums, fire protection, transportation, newspapers, etc., the investigation of tourism resources and the investigation of overseas Chinese. Dai Hongci recorded all the investigations of his trip to the United States in his diary, and added his own opinions, regardless of the position of this old man, his efforts are still very valuable for the construction and development of these aspects after his return, although the use of these materials is not the pigtail dynasty to which he is loyal.

Originally, the delegation was supposed to sail from New York across the Atlantic Ocean to return to the Qing Dynasty after two months of busy work in the United States, but unexpectedly, a transoceanic telegram forced them to spend some time in New York. Because the itinerary of the other delegation changed, Zhenguo Gong Zaize had to return to China because of the urgent call of the imperial court, and the delegation without the envoy ended the trip to France in a hurry, leaving Li Shengduo to take up his post at the Belgian embassy without mentioning it, and the others packed their luggage and got on the ship back to the Qing Dynasty. However, Germany and Austria-Hungary are also world powers, and no one in the court is willing to bear the sin of not visiting after saying hello, so they have to trouble the good old man Dai Hongci and the youngest Xinjiang minister, Lord Wu Chenxuan, to work hard and go to Germany and Austria to complete the investigation together, and complete the feat of 80,000 miles around the world.

It turns out that the reason why Zhenguo Gong Zaize was urgently recalled this time was to become the secretary of the newly established degree branch, so as to use his royal status and qualifications to squeeze out Xu Shichang and Xu Juren, who were designated as the candidates for the degree branch in Beiyang, Cixi did not want Yuan Shikai, a refined toad, to grasp wealth with one hand and one hand. However, the Beiyang system is stable, and the industries such as China Merchants Bureau and Kailuan Mining can also bring Yuan Shikai millions of taels of silver to live money a year, although the 100,000 strong soldiers who raise the six towns and three associations in Beiyang can't be packed, but in the case of the imperial court taking the lion's share, it is still relatively easy for Yuan Shikai to buy people's hearts. Who knew that the old queen mother's trick made Xu Juren's new household department Shangshumeng fall to pieces, and made Lao Yuan realize that he had become an outlier in the eyes of the Manchu relatives and Lafayette, if he didn't plan to support the army and respect himself, he would only have to be obedient. Although Zai Ze has been in office for a while, the household department has almost closed, and the new degree branch has delayed the military salary of Beiyang under the pretext that the new owner has not yet taken office, and as for the millions of funds for the purchase of weapons, the silver fold is directly disposed of as waste paper, Yuan Shikai, who has seen the artillery, has no choice but to continue to drool at the ship full of Krupp, and watch these equipment being transported to Jinan Prefecture to equip the new army of Wuyi in Namingli, which is only three towns, or simply re-export Dongying, which has become the standard equipment of the Japanese army.

But this is exactly what Wu Chenxuan couldn't ask for, he still had an old friend who didn't have time to visit, and thought that he would have to wait until his next visit to the United States to have the opportunity to meet, but since he had to wait a week for a suitable luxury cruise ship to go to Hamburg, there was no reason to waste this time, leaving Lord Dai and the bureaucrats of the Qing Embassy to watch the play and drink tea.

Is Wu Chenxuan planning to bloody the U.S. Department of the Army? Hehe, let's listen to the next breakdown