Section 590 Post-War Glimps

In addition to the formation of a group of countries with China as the core in the international community, China's most important move in establishing a new post-war international order is the establishment of the United Nations. On March 1, the 24th year of the beginning www.biquge.info of the Taichu Dynasty, representatives of 16 countries, including China, Germany, Russia (Belarus), Turkey, and Italy, which were fighting against Red Russia, issued the "Declaration of the United Nations" in Ankara, an important town in Turkey. At that time, the United Nations was only used as a general term for the countries that were waging war against Red Russia. On October 30, the 24th year of the Taichu Dynasty, China, Germany, Italy, and Japan issued the "Declaration of Universal Security" in Qingdao, proposing the need to establish a universal international organization. From August to October of the 25th year of the Taiqing Dynasty, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Turkey held talks at the Taiqing Palace in Laoshan in Qingdao to discuss and draw up a proposal for organizing the United Nations.

Two months later, on December 14, 25, Chinese Premier Zhou Zhongfu and German Chancellor Canalis met "somewhere in the Indian Ocean" and issued a joint declaration. In the declaration, they set out "some common principles in the policies of their respective countries" on which their hopes for a better future for the world are based. In a document known as the Atlantic Charter, the two signatories stated: "After the final eradication of the anti-human and anti-progressive state tyranny, the two countries hope to establish a peace in which all nations can live and work in peace within their own borders and in which all human beings throughout the world can live without fear or want." ”

On New Year's Day, the 26th year of the Lunar New Year, representatives of 26 countries that were fighting against Red Russia and the United States and Britain signed the United Nations Declaration in Bonn, Germany. For the first time, the word "United Nations" was officially used in this document, as suggested by Premier Zhou Zhongfu.

In the declaration, the signatory Governments stated:

"Having endorsed the common programme of purposes and principles contained in the Declaration of the United Nations ......, convinced that in order to defend life, liberty, independence and freedom of religion and to uphold human rights and justice in their own countries and in other countries, it is necessary to achieve complete victory over their enemies, and that they are now waging a common struggle against the barbaric and brutal forces that seek to conquer the world," declares hereby that:

"(1) Governments undertake to use all their military or economic power against the members of the Triple Alliance (the United States, Great Britain, and Red Russia) and their followers against whom these governments are fighting.

"(2) Governments undertake to cooperate with the Governments of the signatories to this Declaration and not to conclude separate armistice or peace agreements with enemy States."

This Declaration may be signed by "any other State that is or is likely to provide material assistance and contribution in the fight against State terrorism".

A month later, at their meeting in Tehran, the two heads of state, Wu Chenxuan and Hess, stated: "We are fully aware of the supreme responsibility of us, and of all United Nations Member States, to create a peace that will win the goodwill of the overwhelming majority of the world's people, and which will free the scourge and horror of war for many generations to come." ”

On April 25, the 26th year of the 26th year of the Lunar New Year, representatives from 50 countries (Ukraine and the three Baltic countries did not participate for some reason) convened a meeting of international organizations of the United Nations in Shanghai, China. On 26 June, representatives of 50 countries signed the Charter of the United Nations. On October 24 of the same year, after China, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Japan and most of the other signatory countries submitted their instruments of ratification, the Charter came into force and the United Nations (United Nations) was formally established. In the twenty-sixth year of the year, the first plenary meeting of the United Nations General Assembly decided that October 24 was designated as United Nations Day.

In the same year, the United States declared defeat and was able to join the United Nations after conditional surrender. Canada and other countries became independent, Britain was divided into four parts, Ireland and Scotland were independent, while Wales and England existed as the mandate of China and Germany for 30 years, and only in the 58th year of the first century did they regain their independent state status, merge to form the new United Kingdom of Great Britain, and join the United Nations. As the initiator and the head of the entire United Nations, China plays a pivotal role in the United Nations and has become a well-deserved superpower.

On the basis of China's proposal, the countries unanimously agreed on the constituent structure and organizational principles of the United Nations after consultations. In accordance with Article 7 of Chapter III of the Charter of the United Nations, the United Nations has six principal organs of the United Nations: the General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the United Nations Secretariat.

The United Nations is headquartered in Qingdao, China, with a United Nations European Office in Geneva, Switzerland, and a United Nations Office for the Americas in Panama City, Republic of Panama.

The General Assembly of the United Nations (UNGA) is the main deliberative, supervisory and review body of the United Nations. It is composed of all Member States. The General Assembly also plays an important role in standard-setting and codifying international law. The General Assembly holds its regular sessions from September to December each year, after which the presidency of the General Assembly convenes meetings as necessary.

The United Nations Security Council (SecurityCouncil) is one of the six main organs of the United Nations. The responsibility of the Security Council is to maintain peace and security among States. While the other principal organs of the United Nations have only the right to make "recommendations" to Member States, the Security Council has the power to introduce mandatory resolutions, which Member States must accept and implement under Article 25 of the Charter. Security Council resolutions are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions. The Security Council is known as the brain of the United Nations, and countries that can basically gain the upper hand in the Security Council can control the direction of the United Nations, and this is undoubtedly one of the goals pursued by China.

The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. ECOSOC has 54 member States and is elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The President is also elected for a one-year term and is drawn from the middle or lower membership of the ECOSOC. The Council meets once a year in July in New York or Geneva. It monitors the economic, cultural, social, health, and educational affairs of its member states and works to safeguard the human rights of people around the world. The Council reports to the General Assembly.

The Trusteeship Council (TC) is the main body of the United Nations for the implementation of the international trusteeship system. The lands applicable to the International Trust were the former League of Nations mandates that had not yet become independent at the end of the Second World War and the lands that had been secessed from the enemy after the war.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in Singapore, China's overseas exclave, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, established in the 26th year of the United Nations Charter and began to function as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice in the 27th year of the Permanent Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges who serve for a term of nine years, are appointed by the General Assembly and must come from different States, and there is a tacit understanding that no major Power may send personnel to serve as judges.

The Secretariat undertakes a wide range of day-to-day work of the United Nations and serves the other principal organs of the United Nations. The responsibilities of the Secretariat are as diverse as those dealt with by the United Nations, ranging from the management of peacekeeping operations to the mediation of international disputes, from the investigation of economic and social trends and issues to the preparation of studies on human rights and sustainable development. The Secretary-General is the nominal head of the huge body of the United Nations, and this position is usually held by retired diplomats from small and medium-sized countries on all continents, and can be re-elected for one term, but the next Secretary-General will never come from the same continent, the first Secretary-General of the United Nations is the former Foreign Minister of Pakistan Saharaf. Sharif.

United Nations contributions are determined on the basis of the gross national product of Member States and other factors. The top 15 contributors to the United Nations budget are listed in the following order: China (35 per cent), Germany (15.4 per cent), the United States (9 per cent), France (6.4 per cent), the League of Arab States (5.3 per cent), Italy (5.1 per cent), Turkey (4.4 per cent), Canada, Spain, Ukraine, Brazil, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden and Argentina. The top seven countries paid 76 per cent of the total UN budget.

In this international organization, China is the only superpower, enjoying privileges that many other countries envy. For example, in the Security Council, any proposal must be signed by more than three members before it can be discussed at the meeting, but China can put forward the bill on its own. Each bill is subject to collective deliberation by the permanent body, with Germany, Italy, the League of Arab States, the League of Latin American Nations and Turkey becoming permanent members with one right of hold, while China has the only veto vote. After the revival of the United States, both the United States and France became permanent members, while the non-permanent members were allocated by the countries of each continent themselves, and a third of them were replaced every two years.

Although China cannot independently push the United Nations to adopt its own resolutions, it has the right to veto to a certain extent. China's position as the sole superpower in the Security Council has been recognized by the whole world, and Germany and other countries have also acquiesced in China's dominance, otherwise many permanent members would have to succumb to China's political intentions.

The United Nations has re-established tranquillity by sending a total of 69 peacekeeping troops and observer missions to troubled areas of the world. Since the thirties, many conflicts have been put to an end through United Nations coordination or through third-party action with the support of the United Nations. These include conflicts in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Burundi, Sudan and Venezuela. Studies have shown that since the early thirties, conflicts have decreased by 40 per cent worldwide. The preventive diplomacy and other preventive actions of the United Nations have averted many of the wars that would occur. In addition, 14 United Nations peace missions on the ground have taken up post-conflict situations and peace-building measures. It has become an authoritative mediation and arbitration institution in international relations, and has indeed played an indelible role in maintaining world peace.