Section 379 The Decline of the Fujian Navy

There is an allusion in modern Chinese history that "no Hunan is not an army", but later the Hunan army gradually declined and was replaced by the Huai army, and Yuan Datou's Beiyang system was born from the Huai army, but with the gradual growth of the new army of Wuyi, which was also a regimental training, it became the only predecessor of the Chinese National Defense Force, and the army has since taken the new army of Wuyi as the source. The navy of the Qing Dynasty was once prosperous and divided into the Beiyang Naval Division and the Nanyang Naval Division and the Guangdong Naval Division, except for those small sampans in Guangdong, the Nanyang Naval Division had been lost in the Battle of Mawei, but the Beiyang Naval Division stationed on Liugong Island had few northerners, and the Qing Dynasty Navy was in Zhengshuo, English and Hokkien dialect (of course, including local dialects such as Hokkien and Hakka) were the common language, which lasted until more than ten years after the Wuchang Revolution.

The formation of the Fujian navy is not accidental, but actually has various intricate factors such as geography, history and humanities. Fujian Province is located on the southeast coast of China, on the eastern edge of the Eurasian continent, with a complex and tortuous coastline and dotted coastal islands. In addition, there are many mountains and few fields, and it is necessary to eat and clothe the sea, so since ancient times, the Min people have been good at sea activities, and are known for being proficient in naval warfare. For example, Yu Dayou, a famous general in the Ming Dynasty who pacified the Japanese Invaders, was a native of Quanzhou (Jinjiang), and his "Yu Family Army" and Qi Jiguang's "Qi Family Army" were almost as famous. Later, Yan Siqi, Zheng Zhilong, and Zheng Chenggong all dominated the sea and were famous at the time. After Taiwan was returned to the mainland, the senior generals of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces on the southeast coast of the Qing Dynasty were mostly appointed by the generals of the naval divisions of Fujian Province, such as Wan Zhengse (Jinjiang), Shi Lang, Shi Shibiu, and Shi Shilun (Jinjiang) in the Kangxi period; Lin Liang (Zhangpu), Lan Tingzhen (Zhangpu), Wu Ying (Putian), Xu Liangshu (Tong'an) in the Yongzheng period; During the Qianlong period, Chen Lunjiong (Tong'an), Lan Dingyuan (Zhangpu) and others all came from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in southern Fujian. The famous pirates in the Jiaqing period, as well as Li Changgeng who quelled the pirate rebellion, were all Tong'an people from Fujian (Quanzhou Mansion), and it was a good story for a while.

In modern times, the Green Battalion Naval Division declined, the new navy was prosperous, and the navy was still the world of the Fujian people, except that the Hokkien people had been replaced by the Fuzhou people. This is naturally because the Fuzhou Shipyard and the Mawei Shipbuilding School are both located in Fuzhou. In 1866, Zuo Zongtang set up the Fujian Shipbuilding Bureau in Mawei, and set up the Mawei Shipbuilding School before and after, cultivating shipbuilding talents and driving talents. Mawei became the cradle of the Middle Navy. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the national navy was monopolized by the Fujian, from the commander-in-chief and commander, down to the non-commissioned officers and miscellaneous officers, most of whom were from Fuzhou, and the Fujian navy became synonymous with the Chinese navy. The so-called "Fujian system" is actually a "horsetail system", and the vast majority of people were born in the horsetail ship administration and entered the navy. The Mawei Ship Master School adopts the British naval school system, recruits 14-year-old teenagers to enroll, and most of them are recommended by Fujian people in the navy, and provides 8 years of naval officer training.

It is very unfortunate that they thought that the navy was a profitable shortcut to the dragon from the very beginning, far more than the first batch of "Fujian factory students" who studied in Britain and France before returning to China, that is, they behaved "self-restraint and greed for glory and profit". Declared: "The establishment of iron armor, on the day of our generation's wealth and wealth, must not be a high-ranking official." When he returned to China and entered the navy, he gradually went from being partial to being recommended to a colonel, which was even more indispensable. Treat the navy as its patent. Especially in the early years of the Republic of China, when Liu Guanxiong served as the chief of the navy, he was re-elected eight times for ten years (each Yi Ge was one term); Li Dingxin succeeded him and served five consecutive terms in four years, like a tumbler of the navy. The Fujian navy was dependent on the warlords, controlled the navy, regarded itself as the central naval orthodoxy, and excluded dissidents, so that the power of the Fujian navy flourished for a while. Later, Du Xigui, Yang Shuzhuang, and Chen Shaokuan succeeded them, although they did not belong to the "shipbuilding system" (or Mawei system), but they were still all from Fuzhou, and the structure of the Fujian system did not change. Taking the personnel of the Admiralty as an example, according to the "Complete Book of the Gentlemen of the Great Qing Dynasty", in the late Qing Dynasty, there were still roughly half Fujian and half Cantonese borrowers, maintaining a skillful balance. For example, in the "Catalogue of the Staff of the Admiralty" compiled by the Admiralty of the revolutionary party government, there were 204 people in the Admiralty, of whom 142 were from Fujian, accounting for about 70 percent of the total. Other naval commanders-in-chief, commanders of various fleets, and even heads of various naval organizations are none other than Fujian, and their monopoly can be seen.

From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the revolutionary government, the history of Fujian's control of the Chinese navy has never changed. Today, however, the Fujian Navy was subjected to an unprecedented storm surge. When the revolutionary party collapsed three years ago, Liu Guanxiong, the boss of the Fujian family, resigned, lived in Tianjin, no longer engaged in world affairs, and spent his days planting flowers and trees. Sa Zhenbing, who was the head of the Fujian family, had to make a decision and follow the revolutionary party to Guangdong with a warship.

In fact, at the outbreak of the Wuchang Revolution, the Qing Dynasty Navy at that time was ordered to go to Hankou to suppress the revolution, but most of the naval officers and soldiers sympathized with the revolution and prepared to launch an uprising, and the Navy Admiral Sa Zhenbing acquiesced in the uprising, and at 11 o'clock in the evening of November, Sa Zhenbing issued a signal of "I will go, and the military will be in the future, and the ships will do their own thing", and left the fleet gloomily, and on November 15, the Navy changed its banner in Jiujiang, announcing the demise of the late Qing Dynasty Navy, and the Republican Navy was born on the basis of the Navy at the end of the Qing Dynasty. However, Sa Zhenbing, who lived in seclusion in Minhou, Fujian, agreed to return to command of the navy at the invitation of several bigwigs of the revolutionary party. Unexpectedly, after the death of President Jov, the revolutionary party power was shut down in less than two years. Sa Zhenbing, who had no connection with the Northern Yankees, decided to lead all the warships to pick up the Navy soldiers and their families and go to Guangdong after discussing with the Fujian generals, in order to change the situation.

At this time, the First Navy Fleet of the Republic still had seven old cruisers, namely "Haitian", "Haiqi", "Hairong", "Haichou", "Haichen", "Zhaohe", "Yingrui", and "Feihong"; Destroyers: "Flying Thunder", "Flying Eagle", "Dragon Turbulence", "Jianwei", "Jian'an", "Jiankang", "Yuzhang", "Tong'an"; Fish* Mineboats: "Sea Dragon", "Sea Rhino", "Sea Green", "Sea Hua", "Chen", "Su", "Lie", "Zhang", "Hu Peng", "Hu E", "Lake Eagle", "Lake Falcon"; Shallow water gunboats: "Whale Wave", "Jiang Kun", "Jiang Xi", "Yongfeng", "Yongxiang", "Jiang Yuan", "Jiang Heng", "Jiang Li", "Jiang Zhen", "Chu Tai", "Chu Tong", "Chu Yu", "Chu You", "Chu Guan", "Chu Qian", "Wufeng", "Lian Whale", and the training ship "Tongji", although they are all overseas orders in the late Qing Dynasty or self-produced by Mawei Shipyard, there are few ships less than 20 years old, but they can be regarded as a huge lineup.

Sa Zhenbing thought that he could wait for the price to sell, but he did not expect that after the Guangzhou incident, the national defense force did not take any action against the large number of naval warships anchored in Huangpu Port, nor did they contact any bigwig of the Fujian navy. Sa Zhenbing, Cheng Biguang, Shen Shoukun and others, who consciously put their hot faces on their cold buttocks, took the fleet to anchor again and went to Penghu to station.

Originally, I thought that after the Wehrmacht was busy with reunification, it would talk to them, the naval elites, about the price of integration, but I didn't expect that the other party never seemed to have a shadow of the Fujian navy in their eyes. In the whole army case, a Guangdong ghost who returned from the United States was appointed, and Feng Ru, who played with airplanes, became the commander of the patrol fleet of the National Defense Army. What is even more infuriating is that China was actually the victorious country in World War I, and it was grandiose to share six large warships of more than 2,000 tons, including two German new cruisers, which sailed to Qingdao Port through the Taiwan Strait in a few days, and met with the four self-built 4,000-ton heavy destroyers that are now anchored in Qingdao Port to form a naval fleet of 10 large warships. The captains of each ship are all students from the Shandong Chamber of Commerce who have studied at the Annapolis Military Academy in the United States, and a group of northern nephews who have never been to sea actually drive China's latest and largest warship, which makes all the Fujian naval generals feel hot on their faces.

Originally, the Penghu Islands were poor, and thousands of naval servicemen and their families were crowded together, and all the food was purchased from their hometown in Fuzhou on the mainland, and they relied on ships to go to sea to help merchants transport goods and escort ships (in fact, there were occasional cameos as pirates and robbed ships that were not Fujian shipping) to feed the people on the island. Over the past year or so, the ships have been in disrepair, and the officers and men of the navy have long complained about the disrepair of the ships and the demolition of the east wall to make up for the west wall, and some people have continued to take advantage of the fleet to leave the port and flee from Penghu. Even the gunboat "Chu You" left the team without permission under the leadership of Zheng Rulin, took the whole family with him, sailed to Hong Kong, and applied for refuge from the British authorities in Hong Kong.

There are cars in front and ruts in the back, but I am afraid that if this continues, there will be a bunch of tattered Fujian navy left, and they will be separated from each other. Sa Zhenbing, who was helpless, also regretted that he should have learned from Liu Guanxiong and Liu Lao at that time, so he didn't have to worry about this mess. Sa Zhenbing, who finally let go of his face, sent Cheng Biguang, the number one general of the non-Fujian department, to Qingdao with the ships "Hairong" and "Haichou" to telegraph to the Ministry of National Defense asking for negotiations. Finally, four days later, "Hairong" and "Haichou" spewed black smoke before they could be considered to be close to the Dagang wharf.

Cheng Biguang, who was taken to the Huiquan Bay Fleet Headquarters by car, finally met Rear Admiral Feng Ru and Rear Admiral Feng Dafei, commander of the National Defense Patrol Fleet, who was also a native of Guangdong.

As a result, before Cheng Biguang's shelf was put up, Feng Dafei directly handed a document to Cheng Biguang.

“?” Cheng Biguang, who was confused, looked at Feng Ru in confusion, what did he mean by this? Buy us at the price? That's too straightforward, right? Ultimatum? But haven't we talked yet?

"General Cheng, please sit down, don't be busy talking, you can take a look at this first." Feng Ru saw Cheng Biguang's dazed face, and couldn't bear to say: "If you can't make a decision, send a telegram to the commander-in-chief of Penghu to ask for instructions, you can prepare a telegram, if you want to talk, our patrol plane can send the radio to Penghu in the afternoon, and you can also discuss with President Sa and them by phone." However, there is no possibility of leniency for the ten-day period, so if you plan to do so, please excuse yourself. I'm sorry, brother, I have some official business, you can sit down, I'll come as soon as I go. ”

Looking at the short document in his hand, Cheng Biguang almost didn't cry, daring to think too much about himself and everyone in the Fujian system, the national defense force didn't take a fancy to his own broken ships at all, except for a few relatively new ships at the beginning of the sea that served as training ships of the naval academy and patrol ships of the coast guard, the other ships were used as training target ships of the navy and the air force, used to sink to the bottom of the sea as reefs. As for the naval school, people say that they will not trouble you old antiques, and young officers and sailors can go through the training of the commercial maritime school, and receive the qualifications for employment in the fishery and maritime departments after the examination. Look at this meaning, the naval positions that were originally going to be fought for were purely quail eggs stewed with shrimp - nonsense.