Finland is one of the coldest countries in the world, and 1/4 of its territory is located in the Arctic zone. The winter is long and cold, with heavy wind and snow, and the temperature is often below minus 30~40 degrees. The Soviet-Finnish war coincided with the shortest day season of the year, and the long dark nights greatly limited the superiority of the Red Russian Red Army aviation. At the beginning of the war, a heavy snowfall was taking place in the theater of operations, which was up to 1 meter deep, causing great inconvenience to the movement of the Red Russian Red Army, but providing an opportunity for the Finnish army, which was good at skiing, to show his skills. The Soviet-Finnish border is sparsely populated, densely forested, crisscrossed by lakes, and inaccessible. However, the deep part of the Finnish border has a well-developed road network, with several railways running parallel to the border, which is convenient for the transportation of materials and the mobility of troops. The Karelian region on the Soviet side was an uninhabited desert, and from Leningrad to Murmansk there was only one railway parallel to the border and two branch lines to the border.

During the war, the combat operations of both sides were carried out mainly in the four regions of the border, namely, the Karelian Isthmus, the northeastern part of Lake Ladoga, the central part of the border and the Besa Mou (Bezchenga) region.

The Karelian Isthmus has good transport conditions, with 4 single-track railways and 10 stone roads leading to northwestern Finland. Therefore, this is the main battlefield of the main battle of the two sides. The isthmus is about 100 kilometers wide, and the terrain is undulating enough for vehicles to pass, but it lacks a commanding height for long-distance observation. The Vuoksa River runs through it, with abundant water and many deep lakes. Vyborg, the only small industrial city in the region, was the only place of passage and the best passage to the Soviet-Finnish border, so it was highly valued militarily by both sides. But the Mannerheim Line, an artificial barrier on the Karelian isthmus, was an unavoidable and huge obstacle to the offensive of the Red Russian Red Army.

After 10 years of painstaking operation in Finland, the Mannerheim Line has formed a complete system of fortifications. It consists of three defensive zones with a depth of about 90 km. Relying on natural obstacles such as swamps and lakes, each defense zone has 670 permanent firing fortifications and earth-wood firepower points, as well as nearly 800 underground bunkers, which are communicated by trenches and communication trenches. In front of the main defense zone, there is a support zone with a depth of 20~60 kilometers. Anti-tank and anti-infantry mines, anti-tank piles, anti-tank trenches and anti-tank cliffs are widely set up in front of the main defensive zone and in the support zone. Here, one-third of the hundreds of thousands of anti-tank and anti-infantry mines* provided by China to Germany were supported by Finland to strengthen the Mannerheim Line, among which the historic Broadsword anti-infantry directional mines* mines were placed on many roads and open areas, and the front was covered with ice and snow, and the position was completely invisible, but once the Russian army approached, it was ice and snow flying together, and the flames were the same color as blood.

In the northeastern part of Lake Ladoga, there is an approach road that bypasses the northern shore of Lake Ladoga to the southern part of the Karelian Isthmus, but it is far away and there is a narrow pass between Lake Saimaa and Lake Ladoga, which is easily blocked and truncated by the defenders. In the middle of the border is the narrowest waist in Finland, and there are three approaches to the port of Oulu, an important part of the Gulf of Bothnia, along which the port of Oulu can be encircled by an outer line. The width of the line from Somussalmi to the port of Oulu is only 120 kilometres, and once opened, the Finnish barricade can be cut into two sections, north and south, which will greatly affect the entire situation of the war. The northernmost region of Besa Mou is a perennial permafrost plateau. Besa Mou is Finland's only port in the Barents Sea, and an important passage connecting the Russian port of Murmansk with the important iron ore fields in northern Sweden.

The entire border from the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga to the Barents Sea, which is about 1,100 kilometers long, is 80% uninhabited forest, with only six east-west roads, narrow roads, poor road conditions, and isolated by lakes and forests. The roads are separated by up to 200 kilometres. The trees on both sides of the road can be cut down to act as roadblocks and provide a natural shield for Finnish ski detachments to attack marching columns along the road.

In short, in the wasteland covered with snow and reckless forests, the tanks and heavy artillery of the Russian army will fall into the dilemma of being useless for heroes, so this is a very unfavorable battlefield for the Russian army. And on the Karelian Isthmus, as soon as the main forces of the Russian army crossed the border, they were blocked by the Mannerheim Line and had to fight a difficult storm.

The Russo-Finnish war was originally a war between large and small countries. After nearly 20 years of domestic construction, Russia's heavy industry has developed rapidly and its military strength has also been greatly enhanced. Compared to Russia, Finland is a small country both economically and militarily. Its total population is only about 4.4 million, and the standing army is only 32,000. Faced with such a small country, Russia had thought that through negotiated pressure or military threats, Finland would be forced to compromise and realize its territorial claims to Finland. Romanovsky described this optimistic estimate of the Russian leader as follows: "If we raise our voices a little, the Finns will obey." If it doesn't work, we can fire a shot and the Finns will throw up their hands and surrender. That's how we think. "It is on the basis of this estimate that the Russian authorities drew up a plan for the war against Finland and made preparations for war against Finland.

The original plan for the war against Finland was drawn up by Marshal Boris 61 Mikhailovich 61 Shaposhnikov of the General Staff of the Russian Army. The case also took into account more objectively the combat capability of the Finnish army and the special conditions of the battlefield. Its core idea is to advocate concentrating the strength of 45 divisions to "fight an intense and arduous war lasting at least a few months" without the West being directly involved. This plan, because it did not conform to the vision of the Georgian uncle, was rejected when it was submitted to the Supreme Military Council of Red Russia for consideration. Uncle Georgia decided to redraw the plan of the battle against Finland by the commander of the Leningrad Military District, Kirill 61 Afanasyevich 61 Meretskov.

The new plan, in accordance with the bearded man's intentions, provided that the troops of the Leningrad Military District, with the support of special forces, would crush the main forces of the Finnish army within a few weeks, break through the Mannerheim Line, ensure the security of Leningrad and Murmansk, and force Finland to sign a peace treaty and end the war. The new plan was adopted by the Supreme Military Council at the end of July of the 18th year of the Taichu Dynasty.

According to the new plan, the Leningrad Military District began to urgently prepare for war in the autumn of that year, adjusted the deployment of troops, built a military route for urgent construction, stockpiled combat materials, and conducted pre-war training. By the beginning of the war, the Red Russian Red Army had concentrated more than 300,000 troops, 4 group armies, 18 infantry divisions, 1 tank corps, 4 tank brigades, about 1,000 tanks and more than 800 aircraft, near the Soviet-Finnish border. The commander of the Leningrad Military District, Meretskov, served as the commander-in-chief of the front.

As a small country, Finland is not willing to go it alone against a big country. Its vision for future wars was that "if Finland were unfortunate enough to be drawn into a war involving a great power, Finland could count on assistance from the enemy side of the great power attacking Finland". The Finnish military authorities planned to rely on the Mannerheim Line to contain and deplete the Russian army, and to carry out a counterattack after obtaining foreign aid, in an effort to negotiate peace with Russia on favorable terms.

Although Finnish socialists were not allowed to enter the formal army because of their faith, the leaders of both Finland and Russia were surprised that the vast majority of Finnish socialists did not side with Russia, but fought with their compatriots. This is mainly due to the fact that some Finnish Peasants and Workers were suppressed by the "Great Purge" of Uncle Georgia after they arrived in Russia, which caused a sense of distrust of Russia. In addition, after the civil war in 1918, the social class gap in Finland narrowed and the social contradictions weakened. In this case, Finland's national defense mobilization was much more adequate than that of the Russians, and the German mustache spared no effort to support Finland in order to delay the uncle. Interestingly, the Allies, who were enemy countries, made the same choice, and more than 10,000 Swedish, British, Danish and Norwegian volunteers entered Finland to volunteer in the war against Russia. Even the British government was ready to send troops to Finland to help in the war. The League of Nations passed a resolution condemning the invasion of Finland by the Red Russians, and after no effect, simply expelled the Red Russians (so the League of Nations became a place for Britain and France to talk to themselves).

Uncle Georgia said angrily, why don't you let us move forward? That would encourage the anti-Peasants' and Workers' forces in the imperialist stronghold. The Red Russians began to prepare for the 2nd general attack. A large number of troops were requisitioned from all parts of Red Russia, including 20 artillery regiments, 7 tank brigades and 15 aviation regiments.

The Red Russian army concentrated 40-50 divisional heavy groups and launched a full-scale and focused offensive on Karelia, Finland, just 32 kilometers from Leningrad. The Finns built the fortifications entirely using the French Maginot Line technique. Although, the genuine Maginot Line did not resist the Germans and was bypassed by the Germans. But in Finland, this cottage Maginot Line, gave the Red Russian army an unforgettable memory.

Although the 7th Army of the Red Russian Army carried out a frantic artillery bombardment, on the one hand, the caliber of the artillery was small and the fortifications were strong, on the other hand, the training level of the Red Russian Army was not high, and the shelling hit rate was poor. Anyway, after the shelling, not a single permanent fortification was destroyed by the Finnish army. FACED CONCRETE FORTIFICATIONS OF THE FINNISH ARMY WITH A THICKNESS OF 1500-2000MM. THE RED RUSSIAN ARMY TRANSFERRED THE B-4 TYPE 203MM HOWITZER. They will use their 246-kilogram heavy shells to knock on the Finnish fortifications.

On February 1, the 19th year of the Lunar New Year, 24 Red Russian divisions began a full-scale assault on Karelia. The Red Russian army concentrated more than 400 artillery pieces and bombarded the planned breakthrough section only 2,400 meters long. Under the guidance of tanks, the Red Russian army launched round after round of group charges. On the narrow front line, the Finnish army used machine guns to break the crowd of charging Red Russians into several layers of thick piles of corpses. In the end, the massacre caused the Finnish army to run out of almost all ammunition. And the Red Russian army is still gathering new troops to charge, in the contest of steel and courage, the side with insufficient steel finally lost, but the Red Russian army that occupied the position did not reap any benefits, and the Finnish army, which was at the end, when the Red Russia occupied the defensive line, played with a chrysanthemum residue according to what the Chinese special warfare instructor taught, broadsword, explosive bag, discarded oil drums, and all kinds of captured Russian-made ammunition, all that could be used, and sent a mixed gift package to the 7th Army of the Red Russian Army, Even the dead and wounded and collapsed nearly three divisions of the Russian army.

By the time of the fighting on February 11, the Red Russians were exhausted, had no food to eat, and lacked heating equipment. Even the water is not enough, but boiling snow and drinking it is easy to get upset. The Finns, though holding on to the formidable fortress dozens of miles deep, felt overwhelmed. From February 12th to February 15th, the Red Russian army's armored rapid cluster finally broke through the powerful Mannheim Line.

On February 16, the Finnish army successfully retreated during the tracking bombing of the Red Russian bombers. Although the second line of defense is not as strong as the first line of defense, the spirit of the Red Russian army has been knocked out, and the offensive of many troops is not as active as before, which directly leads to the fact that the Red Russian army has not continued to move forward after two weeks of hard fighting.

In March, the 13th Army of the Red Army broke through the Finnish 23rd Division, which consisted of civilians, with tank units, while the tanks of the 7th Army drove directly through the frozen sea. Now the Red Russian army is finally sure of victory. Faced with the crushing tactics of exchanging human lives for steel, the helpless Finnish representatives began to negotiate with Moscow and accepted the harsh armistice conditions of the Red Russia.

In the Soviet-Finnish Winter War, the Finnish army suffered more than 70,000 casualties, while the Red Russian army suffered 600,000 casualties. Despite the loss of some land, Finland retained its freedom. Of the 7 million people in the three Baltic states who did not choose to resist in 1939, 2 million died in exile by the Red Russian army and in the labor reforms carried out in the Arctic and Siberia. This is also a historical reason why the three Baltic countries were the first to become independent from Red Russia in that special era.