readx; "Wen Jian, this is not a trivial matter, you have to think it through. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info If you really mess up, then you are ...... in Jiangda"

Tian Wenjian didn't want to read from the book, but wanted to use his way to talk about philosophy. It's good to be self-motivated, and Wen Bo can't say anything to hit his positive surname. But this risk is not ordinarily large, and if it is a mess, even a Ph.D. graduate from Harvard University will become the laughing stock of the whole school's teachers and students.

To Tian Wenjian's surprise, Director Chen, who came after hearing the news, said thoughtfully: "Old Wen, your worries are indeed very reasonable, but I still think that Xiao Tian should be given a chance." Besides, our department can't always be so lifeless, so let Oda try it. ”

[***] came, but the teachers ran away. Whoever makes the TV babble from morning till night about the more people in the place, the greater the chance of being infected [***]. Director Chen didn't want so many students in the department to continue herding sheep, so he uncharacteristically expressed his support.

Deputy Director Wu, who was closely united around Director Chen, saw that the old man was still hesitant, so he simply smiled and said: "It's the mule or the horse that has to pull out for a walk, anyway, it's his virgin class, even if it doesn't achieve the effect, it's not ashamed." ”

Whether or not you have knowledge is one thing, but whether you can speak out and resonate with students is another. Although he was not at ease when he heard the old man, he didn't want Director Chen and Deputy Director Wu to underestimate his proud apprentices, so he had to bite the bullet and gritted his teeth and said, "There is a big class in the afternoon, you are ready to prepare, and we will listen to it later." ”

Seeing that the old man was relieved, Tian Wenjian was overjoyed, and nodded again and again: "No problem, I'll go and prepare now." ”

At two o'clock in the afternoon, the large classroom of the Department of Philosophy was full of people. The students who thought it was Liu Yizhou who was still the main lecturer, saw Tian Wenjian, who was wearing casual clothes, walk up to the podium, and they were in an uproar. Director Chen, Director Wu, and Professor Wen sat in the back row, and the students calmed down, staring at Tian Wenjian as if nothing had happened, wondering who he was?

"Students, let me introduce to you, this is Dr. Tian, who has just returned from studying at Harvard University and is also an associate professor of our department, let us welcome Professor Tian to give us a class with warm applause."

After finishing speaking, Liu Yizhou made a gesture of invitation, and then walked quickly off the podium and sat in the last row like Professor Wen. Harvard University is too far away, and there are even more doctors Jiang University, except for his good facial features, Tian Wenjian seems to be nothing different.

I don't know if the students are not interested in philosophy or Tian Wenjian, the applause is sparse, and it is far from the "enthusiasm" that Liu Yizhou requested.

Bullying newcomers is a "fine" tradition of Jiang University, and in fact, Tian Wenjian did the same at that time. Because of this, Tian Wenjian didn't care, but cleared his throat and said straight to the point: "This is a course to discuss morality and justice, and we use a story as an introduction, let's say you are a tanker truck driver, your car is burning, and you are speeding down the highway at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour. Suddenly you find that the road is at the end of the road, and there are a hundred workers working in front of you, and you can't stop because the brakes are also broken.

You are desperate at this point, because you know that if the tanker truck goes on, the more than 100 workers who are working on the construction will not be killed, but will be killed by the burning tanker, assuming you are convinced of this.

You are extremely helpless until you find a fork in the road on the left side, and at the end of the fork there is only a very small building, which is obviously not as numerous as the workers in front of you, and your steering wheel is not broken, you can turn the tanker truck to the fork if you wish, and save more than a hundred people at the expense of a few. Here's our first question: What is the right choice? ”

Speaking of this, Tian Wenjian paused, looked around at the people in the audience, and asked solemnly: "Let's do an investigation, please raise your hand if you will drive the tanker truck to the fork." ”

There is no self-introduction, no philosophical terms of "metaphysical" and "metaphysical", and even a few words of English pop out of their mouths from time to time like other teachers who have returned from abroad. Tian Wenjian's opening remarks immediately aroused the interest of more than 600 students in the large classroom, and most of them raised their right hands without hesitation.

"Has anyone chosen to keep the tanker truck?"

Tian Wenjian nodded slightly, pointed at the student who had just raised his hand, and said with a smile: "Very good, students who choose to continue to drive, please don't put your hand down." ”

Just when everyone was puzzled, Tian Wenjian walked to the podium and said eloquently: "Most of them choose to turn, let's listen to everyone's opinions first, and explore why you think this is the best choice." Let's start with most of the students who choose to turn to the fork in the road, why did they choose this way, and what are the reasons? ”

Seeing that the classmates were stunned, Tian Wenjian smiled, sent an encouraging look to the classmate who was staring at him in the front row, and said softly: "Did anyone volunteer?" ”

Since being admitted to Jiangxi University, except for a very few courses, the teachers have read from the textbook, and rarely ask questions like in middle school. Even if there is something you don't understand, you have to wait until after class to ask the teacher for advice.

Although the students were very uncomfortable with Tian Wenjian's open class, a few seconds later, a female student stood up bravely and said loudly: "I don't think it's the right choice to sacrifice a small number of people when it is possible to sacrifice a small number of people." ”

"It's not the right thing to sacrifice more than a hundred people when you can sacrifice only a small number of people!"

Tian Wenjian repeated, and suddenly changed his words, and said with a smile: "This reason seems to be very good. ”

Looking at his unassuming appearance, the classmates suddenly burst into laughter, Tian Wenjian laughed, then turned around, pointed to the classmates under the podium on the right, and asked, "Is there anyone else?" Do you all agree with this reason? ”

Seeing that a male classmate was eager to try, Tian Wenjian nodded and said, "You come." ”

"I think it's very similar to the quarantine in the Tianda community, for the safety of the vast majority of people, they are temporarily isolated, even if they are not necessarily voluntary, but they are still worthy heroes."

Tian Wenjian nodded with satisfaction, and while motioning for him to sit down, he said meaningfully: "From this point of view, this principle is the same as the quarantine measures to fight against [***], although it is a tragedy, but sacrificing a small number of people and protecting the vast majority of people is still a more correct choice, is this the opinion of the vast majority of people?" ”

"Yes......!" The students who supported the turn of the road responded in unison.

"Now let's hear from the minority." Tian Wenjian turned around, pointed to the classmate who was still raising his hand, and said, "You come." ”

It does take a lot of courage to choose to move forward and sacrifice the vast majority of people. Seeing Professor Tian and the classmates around him on the stage, staring at him in unison, Liu Wenwen couldn't help but regret his unconventional behavior, but now that he has no way back, he doesn't want to be a laughing stock, so he has to bite the bullet and say: "I think this is the same mode of thinking as justifying totalitarianism." It is not advisable to do so at the expense of a small number of people for the benefit of the vast majority of the population. ”

The response was quick and the insights were very unique, which made Tian Wenjian feel very pleased, and secretly wondered who said that Chinese college students have no thoughts? It's just that the way of education is a bit problematic.

But Tian Wenjian still put on a straight face and asked very seriously: "Then what would you do in this situation?" In order to avoid a similar act to the abhorrent totalitarianism, are you going to go straight up and kill or blow up more than a hundred workers? ”

Looking at Liu Wenwen's extremely embarrassed appearance, hundreds of classmates suddenly burst into laughter. On the podium is a teacher who can decide whether he can pass his philosophy class, surrounded by classmates who get along day and night, and even his favorite object, Liu Wenwen didn't want to go back on his word, so he simply gritted his teeth and said hesitantly: "Probably." ”

The classmates laughed even harder, and several female classmates in the front row leaned back and laughed even more.

"Really?" Tian Wenjian smiled and asked again.

"Yes."

"Very courageous answer, thank you."

You have to stick to the end of what you believe, and you can't do it twice. Tian Wenjian nodded with satisfaction, no longer embarrassed him, but his face turned straight, and he said with an unusually heavy face: "Let's consider another example of the situation, and see if the vast majority of you will continue to adhere to the principle just now, that is, sacrificing a small number of people to protect the majority is a better choice." ”

Where is this philosophy class? It's clearly telling a story.

Just when the students were confused, Tian Wenjian continued: "You are still the driver of the fuel tanker, and there are still more than 100 construction workers in front of you, but the building in front of the fork is a kindergarten, and you clearly understand that there is a teacher in the kindergarten who is playing games with 20 children.

You don't have a choice between hitting or killing more than 100 workers, or you have to kill or blow up 20 children and a teacher. Now, how many people will choose to turn into a fork in the road, please raise your hand. ”

As Tian Wenjian expected, the classmates were collectively silent, and no one raised their hands. Looking at everyone's face-to-face, Tian Wenjian stepped off the podium, waved his arms, and said meaningfully: "No one raised their hands, an obvious problem has arisen, we sacrifice the principle of a small number of people to protect the majority, because a small number of people are children and there is a problem!"

In the first case, what happened to this principle that everyone agreed on? In both cases, the vast majority of people are preserved, what do you think? How should we explain the difference between the two situations? ”

Only then did the students realize Tian Wenjian's good intentions, and one by one they showed expressions of sudden realization, secretly thinking that the original philosophy class could be taught like this. Seeing Tian Wenjian staring at him, a female classmate on the side of the aisle stood up and said in a low voice: "Respecting the old and loving the young is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, no matter what the situation is, we can't sacrifice the child to protect the adult." ”

"Anything else?" Tian Wenjian turned around and asked the other students.

"We can't do it at the expense of our children, either morally or in conscience." A male classmate confirmed.

Seeing that the students did not have any objections, Tian Wenjian walked towards the podium and said step by step: "We will not be busy discussing this story and the controversy for the time being, but pay attention to how these arguments unfold first. Some moral principles have gradually begun to emerge as we have discussed, and let's think about what these moral principles are.

The first principle that emerges from this discussion, what we consider to be the right choice, depends on the consequences of your actions. The ultimate conclusion that sacrificing a small number of people and preserving the majority is a better option, which is an example of consequentialist moral reasoning.

Consequentialist moral reasoning holds that morality depends on the consequences of your actions and the impact of your actions on the outside world. But as the discussion progressed, we found that in other cases, consequentialist moral reasoning was less certain, and when we sacrificed the majority to preserve the children, we were more inclined to judge the motives of the action itself rather than the consequences of the action............ The most influential of consequentialist moral reasoning is utilitarianism. It was proposed by the 18th-century English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, and the most famous of absolutist moral reasoning was the 18th-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant. We will look at these two very different models of moral reasoning and delve into them, but we will also consider other models......"

In the next half hour, Tian Wenjian naturally introduced the two schools of Jeremy Bentham and Kant through this dilemma, and asked the students a philosophical question - what is the measure of maximizing human welfare?

Of course, today is only the first class, and Tian Wenjian did not expect the students to truly understand the essence of the thoughts of the two philosophical masters. In a sense, this is just an attempt to stimulate students' interest in philosophy in this entertaining way.

The way the classmates listened with relish made Tian Wenjian realize that he had succeeded. Considering that the end of class was approaching, Tian Wenjian clapped his hands and continued: "As your philosophy teacher, I hope you can take some time to read including Aristotle, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Marx, John Stewart Mill...... and other philosophers' writings. We will also discuss the philosophical issues raised by contemporary political and legal controversies; We will discuss equality and inequality, morality and immorality; A series of practical issues, such as freedom of speech and attacks on surname speech......"

To the surprise of the students, Tian Wenjian suddenly changed his words when he said this, with a solemn expression, and said solemnly: "It may sound quite interesting, but I have to remind you in advance that with the deepening of learning and discussion, as well as the training of cognition, it will inevitably bring some risks."

There are personal risks, and there are political risks, risks that all philosophical students face, which is indeed ironic. The difficulty of this course lies in the fact that it imparts to you what you already know, and it makes strange what we know and what we know without doubt, as we have just given in the example of the serious and interesting hypothetical questions, and the same goes for the philosophical writings......"

The two-hour class finally ended, and hundreds of students stood up in unison and gave Tian Wenjian, who had never looked at the handouts from beginning to end, a warm applause.

Liu Yizhou realized the gap between himself and his senior brother in terms of philosophical attainments, and saw Tian Wenjian nodding to his classmates, while striding out of the classroom, and hurriedly said hello to the old man Wen beside him, walked to the podium as a teaching assistant, turned on the slide projector, and showed the students a list of books that Tian Wenjian asked them to read.

As soon as the connoisseur speaks, he will know if there is one. Although Director Chen is more like an official than a professor, his major is still philosophy after all. This unique introductory lesson in philosophy was an eye-opener for him. couldn't help but turn his head sideways, and said excitedly in Wen Bo's ear: "Wen Lao, a famous teacher is a high apprentice!" I didn't expect the class to be like this, Oda is not simple. ”

Although Tian Wenjian is more popular than himself, he is a master disciple of his Wenbo after all. The effect of this class and the reaction of the students made Wen Bo ecstatic, and when he saw Director Chen's discernment, he smiled proudly: "The back waves of the Yangtze River push the front waves, and there are successors in the Department of Philosophy of Jiang University." ”

"Yes, yes, yes, that's what you always say."

Director Chen turned his head and smiled at Deputy Director Wu beside him: "Old Wu, you can go and tune up the video now, upload it to the Internet, and let Peking University and Zhongshan see the demeanor of our Department of Philosophy of Jiang University." ”

Although these two universities are not well ranked internationally, their philosophy departments are still second to none in the country. Obviously, Tian Wenjian's performance aroused Director Chen's ambition. For his behavior, the old man Wen was very disdainful, couldn't help but snort coldly, pointed to the students who were still discussing in the big classroom, and said: "Whether Wenjian speaks well or not, it depends on the students, I think we should listen to the opinions of the students." ”

Not only has he been separated from the students for a long time, but he has even been separated from the teacher, and he only knows that Director Chen, who is looking up, how can he not hear the meaning of the old man's words, but he still stood up, walked among the students for the first time, and asked with a smile: "Students, how do you feel?" Professor Tian didn't disappoint you, did he? ”

As soon as his words fell, a female classmate said unsatisfactorily: "Director Chen, I never thought that philosophy could be so close to our lives, and it could be so vivid and humorous. ”

A male classmate interjected, and said with a fluttering eyebrow: "Professor Tian's teaching method can be said to be fished by others, rather than fished by others. He doesn't instill any theories, but leads us to think......"

"It's wonderful! Professor Tian did not talk about those abstract philosophical issues, but led us to explore the philosophical surnames of life. Although he only gave a lecture, he made us realize that there is a 'philosophical button' hidden in almost every detail of our otherwise ordinary life. Press that button, and the meaning of the mediocre things will be 'peacock open'. ”

"After all, it was a Ph.D. from Harvard University, and he made us discover a lot of questions that we might not think about for the rest of our lives. Seriously...... Although I chose to major in philosophy, it is only now that I have discovered that philosophy really has an incomparable charm, which has made me rethink and understand society and life. ”

…… The Department of Philosophy is the most embarrassing department at Jiang University, and most of the students rely on transfers. So much so that during class, the teacher talks in the front, but the students are looking through the books of other majors below to prepare for the next employment. The students rushed to speak, which made Director Chen realize that as long as Tian Wenjian continued to talk like this, the philosophy class would become a "tide class" at Jiang University.

There are more and more universities, and they are getting bigger and bigger, and the source of high-quality students has become the biggest problem at hand. If there is a master in the Department of Philosophy, will this year's student source still be a problem?

Thinking of this, Director Chen's eyes lit up, and he immediately turned around and said categorically: "Old Wu, I am going to invite Professor Tian to give a real lesson in two days. This classroom is too small, you go to the school office to see if you can borrow the next auditorium. ”

Not only the Department of Philosophy has philosophy courses, but in fact, all colleges of Jiangxi University have philosophy courses, and the teachers of philosophy are also concurrently served by teachers of the Department of Philosophy. Deputy Director Wu realized what Director Chen wanted to do, and hurriedly nodded and smiled: "No problem, I'll go early tomorrow morning." ”

(To be continued)