The wave of privatization and transformation of state-owned enterprises first originated in the United Kingdom. Britain is an old capitalist country, and the British economy gradually declined after World War II. In order to improve economic competitiveness, successive post-war governments in Britain have carried out various forms of reform of state-owned enterprises, and their basic measures are to privatize state-owned enterprises and transform them into joint-stock systems. From the late 80s to the early 90s, its approach gradually affected most countries of the world, creating a wave of so-called privatization.

After World War II, the European economy was generally sluggish, and in order to better develop the national economy, most European countries nationalized state-owned enterprises, but after the economic improvement of various countries, these state-owned enterprises were gradually privatized, and the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy and other countries have successively privatized enterprises. France, on the other hand, has not made such a move.

After World War II, France gradually formed a relatively complete set of policies for urban development, rural reform, mountain development and protection, and structural transformation of old industrial areas, which played a positive role in narrowing the gap in regional economic development, accelerating the development of backward areas, and even the development of the entire national economy. The main contents are: measures to severely restrict the development of megacities such as Paris; Adjust the urban structure of the country, reform the old urban system, accelerate the development of regional central cities such as Lyon, Marseille and Lille, and promote the flow of population and economic activities to these cities; Formulate urban development plans to encourage the development of small and medium-sized cities and satellite towns.

There is also to promote the structural transformation of old industrial areas. Since 1979, the French government has adopted a series of structural adjustment measures for the old industrial areas. In the 60-70s of the 20th century, the first stage of transformation was proposed, and the "steel industry restructuring plan" and the "rescue steel industry plan" were put forward successively, mainly by increasing investment to promote the modernization of enterprises, but did not achieve the expected results. After the Socialist Party came to power in the early 80s, the transformation of the old industrial areas entered the second stage, and the "revitalization" plan to expand coal and steel production was implemented in the early stage, which exacerbated the original "structural crisis"; Later, due to the serious economic recession, it turned to the implementation of the "austerity" policy, accelerated structural adjustment, and gradually changed production from "inefficient quantity" to "high-efficiency quality".

In addition, since the 50s of the 20th century, the French government has implemented a series of financial incentive systems that are conducive to narrowing the gap between regional development, and has successively set up economic and social development funds, regional development bonuses, handicraft enterprise equipment bonuses, inter-ministerial funds for rural development and land consolidation, and industrial modernization funds, etc., to provide subsidies for enterprises and institutions relocated from Paris and other large cities, and to reward business owners who invest in remote and backward areas. After the Socialist Party came to power in the early 80s, it changed the name of these bonuses and subsidies to "land improvement bonuses" and made major changes to the means of funding. In addition, for enterprises participating in regional development, the government also provides different degrees of tax exemption and exemption according to the region and the number of employees.

What also has a significant impact on France is that after World War II, France took a series of measures to strengthen the power of the central government, but the centralization of power restricts local active surnames, resulting in the division between regions, which is not conducive to the coordinated development of regional economy. Since the sixties of the twentieth century, France has implemented a policy of decentralization, with some of the powers exercised by the central government delegated to the regions and provinces. Since the 80s, the decentralization of powers, the implementation of an autonomous management system, and the expansion of local autonomy have allowed each region to formulate development plans according to the characteristics and needs of its own region, thus mobilizing local active surnames. After returning to power in 2002, the right-wing political axe passed a constitutional amendment bill on decentralization in parliament in March this year. The right-wing political axe stressed that decentralization is an important political reform that will allow the regions to unleash new economic dynamism of up to 1% of GDP.

In order to better revitalize the enterprises that are on the verge of closure due to the war, the French political axe nationalized most of the heavy industry and important industries, knowing that the late eighties of the 20th century were the real beginning of privatization.

Thinking that the French privatization draft is about to be carried out, Lin Yu was excited, the privatization of the United Kingdom has not caught up, and Lin Yu of France will not miss it, this is the best opportunity to increase his influence, the stock market crash can not be, Black Monday can not be, and even in the bank can not be, but this opportunity Lin Yu will not let go, and it will be difficult to find such a good opportunity to intervene in the European economy after this time, I believe that this time, Lin Yu will be able to gain a firm foothold in Europe, It's no longer a wandering rootless person.

Lin Yu can't remember exactly when the privatization draft was implemented, but Lin Yu knew that it was either in 85 or 86, and it would definitely not exceed 87 years, but Lin Yu was not very clear about how to intervene in this matter, if the privatization draft was in 85, then Lin Yu would not have much capital to play Black Monday, if it was 86 years, then Lin Yu would be able to package the amount of financing for each first-class family limited by the French political axe not to exceed 100 billion US dollars. I believe that at that time, Lin Yu was absolutely poor and had money left.

How many state-owned enterprises are there in France? In particular, according to the statistics of the French National Bureau of Economic Statistics, the French political axe controls about 1,552 enterprises in terms of the total number of employees, employing about 1.1 million people, equivalent to 5.1% of the total number of employees employed by private enterprises. Of course, among these state-owned enterprises, the most striking are the large and large enterprises, not only because they are important enterprises in the French state-owned enterprises, but also because of the privatization of state-owned enterprises in the United Kingdom, which has gradually begun to move towards privatization according to the relevant provisions of EU law and industrial policy since the privatization of state-owned enterprises in the United Kingdom in 79.

This is an opportunity, and the privatization process is still relatively long, the first phase of the privatization process in the UK lasted from '79 to '86, and although not many good companies were privatized after '83, it also shows that the privatization of state-owned enterprises is a long process.

(To be continued)