There is no special purpose for entering the mountain today, so you can enjoy the magnificent scenery of the Qinling Mountains in your spare time.

People in the city will never be able to understand the shock of the majestic mountains in front of them.

Regardless of the north, south, east and west, turn around, and the Qinling Mountains are full of eyes.

Among the 100 gifts that God has given to mankind, there are three mountains, one of which is the Qinling Mountains.

The Qinling Mountains, in a broad sense, are huge east-west mountain ranges across central China, stretching from Baishi Mountain in the north of Lintan County, Gansu Province in the west, to being separated by the Dieshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains. To the east through the Maiji Mountain in the south of Tianshui into Shaanxi. At the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, it is divided into three branches, the northern branch is Kunshan, and the remaining veins extend eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River, commonly known as Pishan; The middle branch is Bears Ears Mountain; The southern branch is Funiu Mountain. A small part of the southern part of the mountain range extends from Shaanxi to Yunxian County, Hubei.

The Qinling Mountains in the narrow sense are the middle section of the Qinling Mountains, which is part of the central part of Shaanxi Province. According to legend, Taibai Mountain of Qinling was the territory of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and it was also the highest mountain range of Qin, so it was named Qinling. In the Han Dynasty, it had the name of "Qinling", and because it was located in the south of Guanzhong, it was called "Nanshan".

The Qinling Mountains are 1,600 kilometers long, tens of kilometers to two or three hundred kilometers wide from north to south, with a vast area, majestic momentum, and magnificent. Jugan, southern Shaanxi and western Henan, and a small part stretches into the northwest of Hubei Province, showing the shape of "one" at both ends slightly to the north. It covers an area of about 120,000 square kilometers. The mountains are high in the west and low in the east. The north side of the mountain range is the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain, and the south side is the red bed basin of low mountains and hills and the Jianghan Plain.

The western section of the Qinling Mountains is low, with an altitude of about 2,000 meters. There are basins such as Chengxian, Huixian, and Liangdang between the mountains. The East Qinling Mountains in the east of the upper reaches of the Jialing River are trending east-west, with tight folds, huge mountains, narrow valleys, and an average height of about 2000~3000 meters. The main peak, Taibai Mountain, is 3,767 meters above sea level, one of the few peaks in eastern China that exceeds 3,000 meters, and there are ancient glacial relics on the summit. The Qinling Mountains are adjacent to the Weihe Plain in the north, and there are large faults in the middle, which are north-to-south-dipping fault block structures.

The Qinling Mountains are the dividing line between the north and the south in China's climate. In particular, it is manifested in the huge barrier effect of the winter and summer monsoons. The Qinling Mountains also play a role in blocking water vapor, with an average annual precipitation of more than 800 mm on the southern slope and less than 800 mm on the northern slope. The rivers north of the Qinling Mountains have a small amount of water, large flow changes, short flood seasons, large sediment content, and freezing in winter. South rivers on the contrary. It is customary to divide it into the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains and the first line of the Huai River, with a warm temperate humid and semi-humid climate in the north and a humid subtropical climate in the south.

The natural landscapes of the north and south of the Qinling Mountains are different. The northern slope is a warm temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, and the mountainous Qinling Mountains landscape brown soil and mountain brown soil zone. The southern slope is a deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest containing evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the northern subtropics, yellow-brown soil and yellow-brown soil zone. Subtropical economic forests are planted in the valley basin, such as citrus, loquat, tung oil, camellia, palm, tea, black tree, fir, masson pine and cypress.

The main ridge is on the north side, the northern slope is steep and short, and the southern slope is gentle and long. The water system is also asymmetrical. There are many horizontal valleys in the mountains, which are the north-south traffic channels. The Baocheng Railway runs through the mountains along the valley of the Jialing River. The Qinling Mountains have an obvious blocking effect on the airflow operation. In summer, the humid ocean air flow does not allow it to penetrate deep into the northwest, making the northern climate dry; In winter, the southward invasion of the cold wave is blocked, so that the Hanzhong Basin and the Sichuan Basin are less affected by cold air. Therefore, the Qinling Mountains have become the dividing line between the subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone. The rivers in the south of the Qinling Mountains are not frozen, and the vegetation is mainly evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the soil is more acidic. To the north of the Qinling Mountains is the famous Loess Plateau, where the average temperature in January is below 0 °C, the rivers are frozen, the plants are mainly deciduous broad-leaved trees, and the soil is rich in calcium. The Qinling Mountains and the Bailongjiang River basin still preserve contiguous forests, and there are precious animals and plants. Foping in Hanzhong is one of the producing areas of giant pandas. Walnuts in Shangluo area and angelica in Minxian are known for their high yield and high quality.

The natural landscape of the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains is obviously different. The northern slope of the Yellow River Basin is a warm temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Due to long-term agricultural development, it is now mostly secondary forest. The floristic components and animal species components in the Qinling Mountains had obvious transitional castes, mixed castes and complex diverse castes. Among the wild animals are giant pandas, golden snub-nosed monkeys, antelopes and other precious species, and birds include crested ibises and black storks, which are protected by the state. Qinling now has the national Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve.

The Qinling Mountains not only separate the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, forming the Yellow River culture and the Yangtze River culture with their own characteristics, but also nourishing the Yellow River culture of unremitting self-improvement and introvertedness, and condensing the courage and courage of China's 5,000-year-old historical development. The importance of the Qinling Mountains is not only reflected in the unique ecosystem, but also in the history and culture.

The historical record of the Qinling Mountains in ancient times, in which the monograph describing the distribution of the mountains in ancient China is the first to recommend "Yu Gong", which has "three articles and four columns" for the mountains of the land of China. The Qinling Mountains are in the center and are listed as the middle strip; There is the saying of "three rivers and two precepts", and the Qinling Mountains divide the yin and yang of the network; Kunlun has three dragons, and Qinling is the middle dragon; There are three trunks in the Green Ridge, and the Qinling Mountains are the middle trunks, and so on. Therefore, the Qinling Mountains have become an important mountain range in the land of China a long time ago. It is also known as the Chinese dragon vein, suppressing Chinese luck.

Hanzhong area, Ankang area and Shangluo area have found early, middle and late Paleolithic cultural sites, it can be inferred that 100-200,000 years ago, there were human activities in southern Shaanxi, in Majia Town, Yangjia Village unearthed copper tripods, bells, ceramics, etc., show that the ancestors in the Qinling area of the history of breeding and living is very long, throughout the Qinling Mountains area of many counties of a number of primitive social sites, confirmed the footprints of ancient human activities in this area.

In the "Historical Records" and "Book of Han", there is "Nanshan Tanzhe; Tianshui Longxi Mountain is full of trees; Bashu Guanghan Ben Nanyi, Qin and thought that the county, the mountains, forests, bamboos and fruits of the rao; Wudu is mixed with Qiang, all of which are southwest and foreign, and Emperor Wu was first governed; Chu has the records of the Hanjiang River, Chuanze, Mountains and Forests, or Fire Cultivation and Water Rake, and Fishing and Hunting Mountain Felling as a Business" and "Praise the Rao of Wood, Bamboo and Arrows", which is enough to show that the forests in the Qinling Mountains were prosperous at that time, and agricultural planting and fishing and logging were the main production methods.

The cultural landscapes in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains also have their own characteristics.

There are Maijishan grottoes in the western section of the Qinling Mountains, and the cliffs of the mountains stand on the walls, and the shape is like accumulating wheat. Since the post-Qin period, it has retained 194 caves, more than 7,000 Buddha statues, and more than 1,300 square meters of murals, which is a treasure house of ancient sculpture art.

The Guanzhong Plain in the north is known as "Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan" in history, and since the Neolithic Age, human agriculture and settlement have appeared, and it is a famous place of cultural relics and historic sites in China. The south of the Qinling Mountains is the fertile field of thousands of miles of "the Sichuan Basin of the Land of Abundance", during which the Qionglai Mountains and the Chengdu Plain are the birthplace of the Shu Han civilization, according to the archaeological discovery of the Guanghan Sanxingdui and Chengdu Jinsha ruins, as early as 3000 years ago in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancestors of Shu mastered the very advanced bronze smelting, jade processing technology, is a wonderful branch in the history of ancient Chinese civilization. The deep-cut river valley in the north-south direction has been the north-south traffic channel since ancient times, among which the famous ones are Chencang Road passed by the Jinbao (Ji) Chengdu (Du) Railway, the meridian road from Xi'an to Ningshan, the Baoshui and the inclined water of the Baoshui Road, as well as the Fu Luo Road and Zhou Yang Road. On the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains and the southern edge of the Guanzhong Plain, there are many cultural relics and monuments and rich historical stories. There are the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and many imperial tombs, the ruins of Feng Ho of the Zhou Dynasty, the ruins of Qin Afang Palace, Louguantai, the tomb of Zhang Liang, the tomb of Cai Lun and other historic sites. Located more than 40 kilometers south of Xi'an City, Zhongnan Mountain has beautiful scenery since ancient times. "The Book of Songs: Qin Feng" has the verse "What is there in the south, there is a plum". The Tang Dynasty gentry built villas here, among which Wang Wei's Gongchuan Villa was the most prestigious. Most of Wang Wei's beautiful landscape poems describe the scenery here. The Tang Dynasty poet Zu Yong's "Looking at the Remaining Snow in the South" has the verse "The Yin Mountains in the South of the End are beautiful, the snow is floating in the clouds, the forest shows the color of the clouds, and the twilight cold in the city increases". There are also beautiful peaks such as Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai and Lishan Mountain nearby, and there are more than 40 large and small temples such as Taiyi Palace and Laojun Nunnery built since the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the mountain, which is a good place for Guanzhong to visit and escape the summer.

On the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, there are also seventy-two ridges. It is said that the Qinling Mountains are steep and steep and there are thousands of ravines, and its valleys should not be divided into north and south, why there is this "Qinling 72 valleys" on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, and when did this statement begin to circulate, this needs to be verified by historians, I think there may be two reasons. A Xi'an (Chang'an) since ancient times the capital of emperors, and the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains is very close to Xi'an, the long-term history immersion * has created a rich historical, geographical, religious, and humanistic connotation of the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, which is an area that has been continuously involved and fully developed by human beings. Therefore, in order to distinguish the various passes on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, there will naturally be relatively widely spread place names; Another ancients often use seventy-two to describe more, just like the well-known "Monkey King 72 changes", "workers, peasants and soldiers learn business 72 lines", etc., 72 valleys are just to describe the many valleys, in fact, if you look at the map or count along the side of the mountain, you will find that the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains is far more than these 72 valleys, but because many of the valleys are relatively small (short) or not very famous, they are not listed.

The Qinling Mountains were called "Nanshan" in ancient times, the "Book of Songs" has "Jiebi Nanshan", "Yugong" is called "Zhongnan Xuanwu", and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" is also called "Nanshan" and so on. According to historical records, the name of Nanshan has been around for a long time. In the "Historical Records", it is said that "the great obstacle of the Qinling Mountains in the world". After the Qin and Han dynasties, Dongfang Shuo had "the danger of the world in Nanshan". In particular, after Han Yu depreciated the Chaozhou poem "Where is the home of Qinling", the name of Qinling was spread far and wide with Han poems. Nanshan is also known as Zhongnan Mountain, and the left transmission has "the danger of Zhongnan Kyushu Island". Gu Zuyu's "Reading the Minutes of History and Public Opinion" said: "The end of the southern vein starts from Kunlun, and the tail is Songyue." In the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, there was more Mao Fengzhi's "South Valley Mouth Examination", "from Tongguan in the east, to Baoji in the west, and those who go north to the mouth of the South Valley will get one hundred and fifty", which is the mountainous area of the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi.

Zhang Taiping recalled that most of the introductions about the Qinling Mountains he learned on the Internet in his previous life were about geographical distribution and climate and humanities, all of which belonged to official digital propaganda, but there were not many descriptions of the natural landscapes deep in the mountains, or they did not know much about that field.

Now you are surrounded by mountains, and you can directly face to face with the original ecological and natural scenery, so that you can personally experience the steep and strange and majestic grandeur of the Qinling Mountains.