Chapter O7~O9 He is an expert of Zhang Da

Back in the BMW, Zhang Wufeng took Su Ru and followed behind Sun Feifei's car, and the past of Zhang Zhengliang couldn't help but think of it again. 【Reading.com】

For Zhang Zhengliang, Zhang Zhengyou and others, Zhang Wufeng didn't want to think about anything more, but since he set the lunch at the Sideline Hotel this time, it was nothing.

How can these people play tricks? When the time comes, it will not be directly trampled to death by him.

For Zhang Zhengliang, in his dreams, Zhang Wufeng may have taken it very seriously, and his heart was extremely resentful, hateful, and even wanted to kill him quickly.

At this moment, he looked too lightly, but he would still take revenge on the person who killed his father.

……

The Sideline Hotel is as luxurious and lively as ever.

Here, even if Sun Feifei came, Zhang Zhengliang's people did not see a shadow, and the manager's attitude can only be said to be better, which is very different from Shanghao.

In the hotel, Zhang Wufeng met Sun Rongrong and Sun Weiwei.

At this dinner, in addition to the old Fang Sun Feifei, Sun Weiwei was also present, Zhang Wufeng could only say that he was very surprised.

"Zhang Wufeng, let me introduce, this is Sun Rongrong, this is Sun Weiwei, both of them are my sisters."

"Hmm." Zhang Wufeng nodded, seeing that the two of them didn't pay attention to what he meant, Zhang Wufeng didn't say anything to them.

In the eyes of the other party, he is an outsider.

"This is called Su Ru, and it's my current girlfriend. You know everything that you believe me, and you don't need me to say more. Zhang Wufeng said with a smile.

Sun Feifei was slightly stunned, then smiled.

"Hello Su Ru, my name is Sun Feifei."

"Sun Feifei, it's okay, I'm Su Ru, this time, thank you so much."

"You're welcome, if it weren't for Zhang Wufeng and him understanding this, I wouldn't be able to make a lot of money."

"Anyway, thank you very much."

"Su Ru, I understand that you had, um, face ...... Where did you get treated? ”

"It was Wufeng who treated me, and he studied acupuncture for a long time for me."

"Oh, I see, I didn't expect him to be so good at acupuncture." Sun Feifei said, her eyes flashed with a little surprise.

"I don't know much, and I am more proficient in antique calligraphy and painting, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, gambling stone acupuncture, etc."

Zhang Wufeng said casually, his words were relatively modest.

"Yo, you're really bragging, don't think that you know how to gamble on stones when the gambling goes up, I'm not convinced, or you can introduce some experience and I'll try it, I'm curious how you understand gambling stones."

"Hehe, Rong Rong wants to understand, naturally it's not a problem." Zhang Wufeng said softly towards her.

Sun Rongrong was slightly stunned, feeling Zhang Wufeng's different gaze, she froze slightly, and wanted to scold a few words, but she stopped surprisingly.

"Haha, since Brother Wufeng is willing to show us a way to make money, we will naturally listen to it, come, and talk while eating."

"Okay, sit down and sit ......"

……

"If you want to talk about gambling stones, the gambling stones of jadeite are actually the raw materials of jadeite rough.

Gambling stone or gambling goods refers to the jadeite when it is mined, there is a layer of weathered skin wrapping, and it is impossible to know the quality of the jadeite, and the jadeite that must be cut is called the gambling stone. The jadeite produced in the old factory has skin, but the waterstone jadeite produced in the riverbed is also the old factory jade, and the skin is very thin or skinless. Most of the jadeite produced in the new factory has no skin, but it is produced in the slope layer. The thickness of the skin mainly depends on the degree of weathering, and the higher the degree of weathering, the thicker the skin. The skin of a piece of jadeite raw material is colored, the surface is very good, and the green is seen when the first knife is cut, but the green is not there when the second knife is cut, which is also a common thing. Where you leave the jadeite mine, the bet is only 1 in 10,000 (referring to the pigment), and the probability of gambling in the jadeite mine is much higher.

There are two kinds of jadeite rough stones: mountain material and baby material.

The mountain material is directly mined from the jadeite mine, there is no outer skin, the shape is irregular, there are many edges and cracks, the structure is rough and loose, the quality is not very good, and it is not a gambling stone.

Raw material, that is, jadeite gravel. This is the formation of jadeite, a rock that rolls down a hillside after weathering and breaking, and is carried into a ravine or creek by floods or river water. According to the quality of the jadeite and the thickness of the skin, it is divided into three types: water boy, soil boy and water boy back to sand. In the process of rolling handling, the edges and corners of the jadeite ore fragments are rounded, and the original cracks or loose parts are ground off or collapsed. At the same time, the surface is weathered into a layer of skin of varying thickness, so that the jadeite fragments become almost round or oval gravel wrapped by the skin. Gravel can be large and small, the largest ones can be thousands of tons, or even tens of thousands of tons, and the small ones are as small as the size of a thumb.

The raw material has a layer of skin with different thicknesses and thicknesses, and the skin has different shades of color, which is due to the fact that when the skin is formed by weathering and erosion on the surface, the impurities contained in each of them are different, and the external geological environment is different, so the color of the skin is also diversified. The basic colors of jadeite rind are white, yellow, red, brown, brown, gray, and black. Generally, the color is light, and the color boundary is not obvious, but often shows as: light white, gray-white, yellow-white, light yellow, earthy yellow, beige, dark yellow, yellow-red and so on.

In the jadeite raw material trading market, most of them are raw materials, that is, jadeite gravel. Because the surface of the gravel has a layer of weathered shell covering, can not see the internal situation, people can only according to the characteristics of the shell and the local "door", with their own experience to infer the advantages and disadvantages of the jadeite inside the stone. This makes it quite difficult to trade jadeite raw materials and identify the quality of jadeite raw materials. This kind of transaction is quite similar to gambling, so people call the raw materials of jadeite with skin as gambling stones, gambling materials or gambling goods, and this kind of business practice is also called gambling stones. Since it is a gamble, no one is sure of winning, even experienced experts, and it is inevitable that there will be times when they look away, which is quite risky. However, the excitement of gambling, the mystery of gambling, and the pleasure of gambling for the pleasure of gambling drive many people to engage in the gambling industry. Therefore, someone who gets rich overnight can become a millionaire in the blink of an eye from a street gangster; Someone can go bankrupt in an instant, from a millionaire to a poor egg. This kind of thing is not uncommon.

……

A piece of jadeite that has not been opened, in addition to the shape, weight, and appearance, no one can tell what is inside, and only by cutting and dissecting can there be a real conclusion. People who gamble on stones, based on their own experience and according to the performance on the skin, repeatedly guess and judge, when two or more people put forward different opinions, they have a gamble, cutting stones, which is called "calcing stones" or "cutting stones" in the industry. After cutting, there is a good kind of water green, called "rise", on the contrary, it is "down", gambling stone is a specific manifestation of gambling wealth, wisdom, courage and personality.

For the category of gambling stones, in my opinion, there are only a few points.

First, gambling fog fog is a layer of unequal thickness between the outer skin and the bottom chapter, the fog should be thin, but also transparent, mainly bet on white fog and yellow fog, etc., fog bet on the wrong to lose.

Second, the main type of gambling is the field, because the stones of each field are different, and the wrong bet may be lost.

Third, the main bet on cracking is whether the stone is cracked, and if there is cracking, the bet will be lost.

Fourth, the bottom of the bet means the bottom of the chapter, the term is called the meat head, the main bet on the clarity of the bottom, the degree of thickness, if the bottom is thick, black, messy even if the bet is lost.

Fifth, bet on the color of the jade and jade meat, lose if there is no color, mainly bet on the positive color green, green to emerald, to more, to live.

As for the method of gambling, there are only three aspects.

First, rub the stone. Rubbing stones is an ancient law, the effect is good and safe, because the part is not accurate, on the next cut, blind movement, will be green 'solution' run is easy to lose. Rubbing the stone mainly looks at the fog, bottom and color. Because you can look inside with a wipe to judge the depth of green, the intensity of the width, and the order of rubbing the stone: one rub, two rub the dry, three rub the ringworm, and four rub the pine flower. There is only one purpose in rubbing stones, which is to find the true green color.

The second is stone cutting. Stone cutting jargon: rubbing up is not rising, cutting up is considered to rise, cutting stone is the most critical step in gambling on stones, and the conclusion of losing or winning is to cut the stone before it can be determined. Some gambling stone merchants, as long as the stone is rubbed, he will sell it and let others gamble. Because if you continue to wipe or use a knife to cut, the risk will be greater, and there will be only a slight difference between rise and fall. It can be seen that cutting stones is not trivial, one is the primitive cutting method, which is to use a bow saw to press the sand and slowly sawn the stone. If it is not possible to continue cutting, it is convenient to take rescue measures. There is also a jade cutting machine to cut the blade plated with a layer of emery, the cutting is accurate and fast, but the clamp is sandwiched with the stone soaked in oil or water It is not easy to see the cutting process, and it is only when it is completely cut that you can know whether you win or lose. Under the knife to cut the stone first to find the right part, generally from the wipe of the knife or from the jaw down the knife, but also from the pine flower or along the crack under the knife, when the first knife is not seen color, you can also cut the second knife, the third knife, the jargon: a knife poor, a knife rich, refers to this truth.

The third is the grinding stone. The grinding stone is used for polishing, to fully express the transparency, so that people can see that it is good color or water. There are two gambling methods for grinding stones, one is dark gambling (hazy gambling), and the stone has no traces of rubbing and cutting, and there is no natural fracture. The second is half-clear and half-gambling, that is, there is a knock on the stone, and a rubbing mouth, or there is a small gap, and it is already possible to see the color or bottom water of some stones, but there are other parts that are still unknown and have greater gambling.

……”

"So how is the crystallization of the leather?" Sun Rongrong asked curiously.

"Generally speaking, the jadeite gravel coarse leather crystals are large, the structure is soft, the hardness is low, and the transparency is poor, which is the inferior product of jadeite; Fine leather crystals are fine, compact structure, delicate texture, high hardness, good transparency, especially those with black or black and red luster skin color. This kind of material jargon is called 'shit eggs', mostly the top grade of jadeite, and the characteristics of sand leather are between the first two, and the quality changes greatly, but it is also not lacking in good materials, so 'gambling' is the strongest.

To check the size of the crystals of the leather, it is not only intuitive with the naked eye, but also with water. The method is to take out the jadeite gravel after it is moistened with water to see how quickly the water on the skin dries. If it dries quickly, it means that the crystals are coarse, the structure is loose, or the cracks and pores are many, and the texture is poor, otherwise, it means that the crystals are small, the structure is dense, and the texture is good.

The other thing is to look at the green.

The amount of green and the quality of the color determine the quality and value of the jadeite, so it is necessary to pay attention to the inference of the green condition of the inside of the gravel by observing the various signs of the green part of the gravel on the skin. The amount of green is related to the morphology and distribution characteristics of the green part.

The green part of jadeite is more valuable in clusters and bands. This green color is often clumpy or linear when exposed on the epidermis, and sometimes it is flaky. When the green color appears in a large area of flakes on the epidermis, it is mostly epidermal green, and its interior is often non-green; And when the green color appears in a linear or clumpy shape on the epidermis, especially when the exposed green lines on the epidermis are symmetrically distributed, the green color will extend inward, even through the whole gravel. The value of the latter is naturally higher than that of the former, so there is a saying that 'it is better to buy a line than a piece'. The green color is related to the mineral composition that appears green. Generally speaking, the color quality of jadeite is better than the green color quality of diopside, calcite and neonite. Jadeite has high hardness and strong resistance to weathering. Therefore, it is manifested on the outer skin, which is mostly relatively protruding, and other minerals are relatively concave. The former is worth more than the latter, so there is a saying in the jargon that 'it is better to buy a drum than a barren'. 'Drum' means that green appears in the bulging part, and 'barren' means that green appears in the concave part.

Then there's looking for cracks. In addition to looking at the skin and distinguishing the color, when evaluating the raw materials of jadeite, it is also necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of cracks (commonly known as cracks). Of course, the fewer cracks, the better. In the jadeite raw material market, jade merchants often cut off a small part of the outer skin and smoothed the incision in order to show the texture and color of the jadeite. This kind of sliced jargon is called 'menzi'. In order to make more money, jade merchants try their best to open the door in the place that best shows the texture and color of the gambling stone, so when evaluating the door door, be sure to carefully look at the door and the surrounding situation, make a comprehensive comparison and analysis, and remember not to overestimate the green color displayed by the door gate.

Therefore, we must pay attention to the phenomenon of counterfeiting. Because jadeite has obvious unevenness, color and texture have great changes and differences, its authenticity and advantages are difficult for ordinary people to grasp, and the value between the advantages and disadvantages is different, coupled with the strong 'gambling' on the raw material transaction, some unscrupulous businessmen in order to make huge profits, often unscrupulous means to make fraud on the jadeite raw materials. For example, if the texture and green color displayed after cutting the door is not ideal, they will stick a good piece of jadeite in the door to deceive the buyer, and so on. ”

"Then there is no wind, how can you distinguish this real and fake gambling stone?" Su Ru couldn't help but ask.

Zhang Wufeng picked up a piece of beef and sent it to Su Ru's mouth, then picked up the beer and took a sip, then said with a smile: "Many old pit species often have a layer of skin shell on the surface, due to oxidation, the skin shell has become brownish-red, brown-black or other variegated colors, generally only from the appearance, can not see its true face of 'Lushan' at a glance, even if it is scientific and prosperous, today, there is no instrument that can quickly judge whether it is 'Baoyu' or 'ruined' through this shell." Buyers must judge the value of the jade from the rough stone covered with the skin (sometimes a 'window' in the skin, which means that small pieces of the skin are rubbed off to reveal the jade). This process of buying and selling is the process of a buyer and a seller competing for a piece of jade with skin.

After gambling on the stone, Burmese jade merchants generally do not dare to be present in person when they actually cut and process, but burn incense nearby and ask God for protection. If there is a lot of clear green in the cut gambling stone, you can become a rich man overnight, which is called 'gambling up'; if the gambling stone is cut after its essence is a piece of gray sand with green outside and white inside, it will go bankrupt overnight, and the jargon is called 'gambling collapse'.

Since the Qing Dynasty, jadeite has become a high-grade jade species loved by the Chinese people, and it is also a fake of various jadeite since the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the phrase "jade no expert" not only illustrates the complexity and diversity of jadeite varieties, but also shows the cleverness and variety of various counterfeiting techniques, especially the modern scientific attainment of some fakes to the point of being fake and real, even connoisseurs sometimes have a time to fall 'eyes'.

When it comes to counterfeiting, first of all, the rough stone counterfeiting. Because the raw materials are often gambling transactions, stimulating, risky, and the rough stone has a leather shell, so the method of counterfeiting is often hidden and difficult to distinguish, which can be summarized as follows:

The first is skin stoma! Some lawbreakers take advantage of this feature to grind some jadeite materials into sand powder, mix them in a special 'glue', glue them to some jade with a rough texture, and even be cut to prove that it is a low-grade jade, and then camouflage it as a natural black black sand, yellow salt sand, etc., to make huge profits.

The second is dyeing and color injection. There are various methods of dyeing and coloring. One is to chemically treat the whole piece of raw material and dye it with green dye to make its skin color green to improve the grade of jade. Some stones are also partially faded after dyeing, so as to cause the appearance of uneven color or not particularly good, but in fact, this has also raised the grade a lot. The second is to inject green dye into some jade with good water head but poor color, and then seal it, and open a 'door' (window) on it, so that buyers can see from the window that the jade is very green inside and has a high potential value, so as to increase the selling price.

The third is grafting. The first technique is to cut some high-grade jadeite materials, take out the essence, and then fill in the inferior scraps, then re-glue them, and plant fake skin. The second technique is to cut some inferior materials from occasionally or arbitrarily, put in or clip small pieces of green jadeite or green glass, and then re-glue them. And plant the fake skin, and then open a window near it to create the illusion of high color of the material.

The fourth is to pass off the fake as the real. Other low-grade jades such as Malay jade, Dushan jade, Qinghai jade and even marble are used for surface treatment, and then used as high-grade jadeite materials.

Some of the above methods of fraud are just to enumerate one or two, and there will be many changes in reality. The most important and effective way to avoid being fooled is to be careful not to be an expert.

Of course, there are still some skills that need to be mastered.

First of all, for any raw material with skin, you need to carefully inspect the skin of the whole piece of jade, if it is a natural stone skin, the color, crystal, structure will be different, even if it is a small difference, such as cracks, flaws, etc.

You may wish to gently tap the skin of the jade (with the permission of the seller), if it is genuine, it will generally fall off in powder form; In the case of false skin, it may fall off in flakes.

When buying jade, you can't just look at the window, which is generally the best part of jade. In addition to the window part, it is also necessary to see what the condition of the nearby epidermis is and whether there is any bonding.

Second, take a closer look at the color of the whole piece of jade. Natural gemstones, the whole green is very rare, for the green of the window can be carefully observed with light, with Chelsea color filters. If the green color turns red under the Chelsea color filter, it is a coloring and bright pigment.

It would be best if you could also ask the seller to show the cut off window cover for comparison. However, it should be noted that due to the increasing sophistication of dyeing methods, the material that does not change red under the color filter does not necessarily mean that it is natural.

If the green filaments on the surface of the jade or the claws of the cockroach are distributed, it is mostly colored stone. Again, take a closer look at the texture of the jade. If the jade is so delicate that there is no stone flower or crystalline glitter (fly-winged), you should be careful if it is a fake such as Malayan jade.

Speaking of fakes, let's talk about the choice of real jade.

If it is a real jadeite jade, then how to judge its value? Due to the complex and diverse conditions for the formation of jadeite, different pits, jade shells and jade quality changes are different, so it can be said that there is no magic weapon to distinguish, only by experience and luck.

Some of my personal experience, one is that large pieces of jade open small windows, which generally contain many cracks, so you need to be careful.

Second, for cracks and flaws, it should be observed to see whether it is connected, if it is connected together, there must be cracks in it, and a large piece of material can only be counted as two or several small pieces at most.

The third is to pay attention to some traditional jargon, which naturally has its own reason. "I'd rather buy a line than a piece" means that the green of a line (visible on both sides of the stone) tends to have more potential than the patchy and irregularly distributed green, because if the line of green passes through both sides, it means that there must be green inside, but the irregular green does not necessarily indicate that there is green inside, it is possible that the green is only distributed near the epidermis, and it may disappear in the stone.

Fourth, the material of the coarse leather is called 'Pi Song', and the inside is generally rougher, but some pit mouths sometimes have high green in this kind of material, which is the so-called 'high green in the shit field'.

The tight leather material is also more delicate in structure, and the water head and ground tension are generally better. It is important to note that experience often speaks of the general situation. It is not easy to achieve 'one hundred hundred'. Practice and careful observation are extremely important, especially since some jade from factories often have their own characteristics, and trying to master these characteristics is crucial to whether you can buy good jade.

Also, in terms of technique, in my opinion, the shell is key.

Almost all jadeite shells have colors, such as purple, black, white, dark green, etc., and have a very close relationship with the interior, while red, brown, brown, etc., have no direct relationship with the interior. Because the sand type and color are often similar to some substances in nature, people call it the sand shell of the same name, if there are patches of rust on the sand shell, people call it water turning sand

The rough skin shell is called the coarse skin stone, the fine sand shell is called the fine skin stone, the sand grains like salt are called salt sand skin, and the green skin shell like a frog is called frog skin. And the more common ones, I'll talk about them appropriately.

Elephant skin, shaped like an old elephant's skin, light gray, wrinkled shell, prickly to the touch, is a typical manifestation of weathering. The stone species of this skin is better, it is the original sand shell, and after cutting, it is mostly seen with a translucent glass bottom, which is the best of the leather shell.

Old bark, resembling bark, yellowish-brown, brownish, wrinkled, rough to the eye, prickly to the touch. After cutting, the bottom of white water is mostly seen, and most of them contain positive colors, and they are highly gambling. This kind of skin shell is mostly produced in the Damakan area. Because there is a tree in Myanmar called Denaika, the bark of which resembles this kind of shell, so people also call it Denaikapi.

White sand skin, the sand grains on the skin are like salt, the stone species is old, and there is white mist under the skin, which is mainly produced in the old field area and the individual field mouth of the new field area. In addition, the white salt sand has no fog under the skin, the thickness of the sand grains is not distinguished, and the feel is weak. It is common to have yellow sand when the white sand is removed, which is an example of the symbiosis between the secondary sand crust and the primary sand crust. If there is green under the native sand shell, most of them are yang but not yin, and the emerald color is strong.

Yellow sand skin, sand grains like salt, dark yellow, old stone species. It is mainly produced in the old field. Other fields are also produced, and the most important difference is that the sand should be turned well and have a strong three-dimensional sense. After cutting, there are many white water bottoms, the color is green and yang, and it is a first-class pretty goods. If the sand grains on the skin are chaotic and uneven, and there is no regular arrangement, such a yellow sand skin has no fog layer, and it is mostly glutinous bottom or bean bottom.

White gray skin, sand particles are wrapped in a layer of lime powder, brushing off this layer of white powder is white sand, which is the manifestation of surface weathering, more than the old field area, after cutting to see the glass bottom of the majority.

Desandbarking, which is a double-layer sand shell, is a typical variety of symbiosis between primary and secondary sand shells. Take off one layer and another layer, the color is mostly one layer of white, two layers of yellow or red.

The old stone species, the main field entrance is in Dongguo. After cutting, the yellow sand is mostly white and has a yang bean color. After the red sand is cut, it is mostly seen to turn the bottom, with positive color, but it is dark.

Black black shapi: the color is gray and black, the sand grains have three categories, the coarse ones are mostly coarse bean bottoms, the fine ones are mostly seen as fine bean bottoms, only there are waxy bottoms, some see the positive color and some see the partial color after cutting, there are white cat stool flavors, and some blue flavors are too much. If it is a wushapi from the Hpakant or Houjiang area, the bottom of the bean is mostly fine, and the green and yellow flavor is full; The waxy bottom of Mohan and Nanqichangkou is predominant, and the green is blue. The black sand from these four fields has wax shells, and it is rare for the black sand from other fields to have wax shells.

Rust skin: Rust skin is black and yellow, it can appear on different colors of sand shells, strips of width and narrowness, some are flaky and some are blocky. If the rust shell is suitable for sand grains, turn it vigorously and neatly, the bottom and color are good after cutting, not afraid of the bottom ash, only afraid of colorless, once colored, the color must be green and watery.

Iron sand skin: Iron refers to the sand tightness, mostly earthy white, and after cutting, it is a fine bean bottom or waxy bottom. This is a rare old species right.

Water turning sand: mostly seen as old stone species, the color is black, yellow and gray, but the sand grains are generally not very good, because the field mouth of this kind of water turning sand is more messy, the bottom water is general, and the main distinguishing point is whether there is rust on the skin. The representative ones are the Pingpi water turning sand in Mamu Bay and Huika.

Red sand skin: the color resembles bayberry red, also known as bayberry sand. There are many places to produce this kind of sand shell, there are put on the bridge, Xianggong, Damakan, poor scoop, Mana, Mogodi, etc., and other stone species, and more ox blood mist, generally bean bottom. If brown betel nut rust appears on the shell, the color is very bad.

Bacon skin: The skin shell resembles bacon, so it is called bacon skin. The skin shell is thick and thin, the seed bottom is thick and fine, generally opaque, and the genus is equal to jadeite, and there are more production sites. Emerald ones are rare.

Chicken skin: the color is green gray, the skin is delicate and thin, a few chicken skin has a wax shell, because it is applied to the sandless place, it is easy to fall off, and there are fewer people with emerald color. It is mostly produced in the Houjiang area.

Pineapple skin: pear yellow color, thin skin, you can see the color contained in the light, after cutting, green and yellow flavor is enough, bright and lively. It is the most representative block of Damakan.

Artichoke skin: the skin color is yellow and thin, and it is mostly seen in the middle of the mountain and half of the water stone. After cutting, it is translucent, waxy bottom, and is produced in Damakan and Mobangwachangkou.

Bamboo shoot leaf skin: the color is milky yellow and thin, with high permeability, and it belongs to the middle of the mountain and half of the water stone. After cutting, the green green is green and warm. Very distinctive on the bottom of white water.

Frog skin: the skin color is light green, there is no fog layer, after cutting, the water is short.

……”

"Are there any gambling blocks?" Sun Feifei's beautiful eyes shone with a wonderful light, and she looked at Zhang Wufeng and asked.

"The premise of gambling must be good, sand and good performance, otherwise it is useless to gamble. It's better to buy and sell. I'm going to introduce you to some of the more gambling ones.

First, of course, I recommend the black sand stone of the old Hpakant: the black sand of Hpakant is its representative stone, the sand is powerful, the skin is black like lacquer, the white jaw belt is prominent, there are pine flowers on the chin, ringworm on the skin, there is fog under the skin, and the dry color is distinct. This is a true representation of the high color within. If these conditions are met, there is hope for gambling.

Second, the bottom stone of the mouth of the Houjiang field: the bottom stone of the Houjiang field area, the skin is thin, the wax shell is complete, and the bottom chapter is full of water. In particular, the garlic shell iron dragon, white and red, as long as the crack is tiny, it will rise as soon as you gamble. If the teacher is purple, then it is not a gamble, because the purple is impregnated with green, so that it loses its rich and vivid emerald green.

Third, the thin-skinned water stone of Mamu Bay: the skin is as thin as paper, the skin is sallow, the skin is fine and the flesh is fine, and you can see the bottom clearly without strong light. Although there are small cracks, as long as you look at the green from the bottom, distinguish the old species, and the color is stable and gorgeous, the bet will win.

There is also the half-mountain and half-water stone of Damakan: this kind of stone has a yellow shell and yellow fog and thin skin, and it is highly gambling. If you have thick skin and black fog, you can't gamble, because the bottom of the bet is gray and the water is short, the green is often blue, and there is no rebound. Although the water stone part can be colored, it does not enter the inside, and the meal part is loose and flowery, and the general colors are not connected.

……

Speaking of which, it is necessary to talk about the field area and field entrance of Myanmar jadeite.

Myanmar jadeite is produced in the northeastern part of the country, which is adjacent to Yunnan Province. The mining area runs through the Ulu River basin, sandwiched between Gaoligong Mountain and Bagaiban Mountain, with a length of 7o kilometers from north to south and a width of O kilometers from east to west, with an area of 4oo square kilometers. The beneficiation core is in Ronken. It is 6 km from Myitkyina, 6o km from Tengchong in the country, and oo km from Chiang Mai in Thailand. There are three major mining camps, the old farm area, the Houjiang field area, and the small field area.

The climate in the mining area is hot, with an average annual rainfall of about 4ooo mm, and the spring and summer are the most rainy times, which is inconvenient for work, so mining and on-site trading are carried out in autumn and winter. After autumn, people from all walks of life pour into the camp separately, when there are jade diggers, jade merchants, treasure hunters and various businessmen, ** can reach more than 10,000, the scene is chaotic. Since the 6o's, this situation has intensified and persisted.

The mining of jadeite in Myanmar has been practiced for at least two years. There have been ups and downs, and now they are still in the ascendant. With the large output of jadeite, the field area is expanding, and the field mouth is increasing. Now the extent of the mining area has been expanded to extend from Heping in the east to the redwood forest in the west, with a length of about 4o kilometers; It stretches from Wenduo in the south to Laban in the north, and is about 7o kilometers wide. The potholes in the three major field areas have more than oo in size, and the shape is like a star-studded chess cloth, and there are no less than 7o well-known ones.

The old field, this field includes the Hpakant field, the Damakan area, the new field, because of the Dan connected together, located in the upper and lower reaches of the Ulu River, now and the mining time is the earliest, the largest range, the most fields, is the main source of Myanmar jadeite.

The Hpakant field, which is an alluvial or remnant-slope deposit, is located in the Ulu River and has been mined since the first century AD. At present, the deepest pit has reached the fifth layer, and almost all the blocks out of the first layer are yellow sand shells, the second layer is mostly red sand shells, and has wax skins, the third layer is black sand shells, the fourth layer is gray and black shells, and the fifth layer is white and yellow shells, most of which have wax skins. There are obvious differences between the blocks between the field entrances, and the difference is not easy, so by recognizing the characteristics of each field, we can make a perfect judgment accurately. The main entrances of this field are: Lao Hpakant, Mamuwan, Huika, Penangqiao, Dagudi, Chitongka, Gramo, Mengmao, Dongguo, Mana, Jiebangqiang, Molaogan, Xiandong, Xianggong, Poor Scoop, Nanying, Yuma, Geyinqiang, Dongmo, Gramowa, Pabing, Zibo, Trapian, Miaobi, Modi, Pabian, Sandu, Huding, Qiaowu, Laozhai Shed, Choking, Sanchahe, Modang.

The Damakan field is located in the lower reaches of the Ulu River, the west of the old field, which is an alluvial deposit, and the mining time is about oo years later than the Hpakant field. Represented by the Damakan field, the famous field mouth is close to the fifth layer, and there are many Guanshan half-water stones. The famous venues are: Damakan, Huangba, Mogedie, Qibing, Molong Base, Dasanka, Nansili, Nansebing, Xidabe, Youyinggong, Naya Dong, Meilin Qiang, Kuma, and Gutshuang.

The new field area is located in the upper reaches of the Ulu River, the east of the old field area, and the mining time is earlier. This is a superborn mine, which can obtain jadeite blocks without deep digging, but most of them have no skin shells and belong to primary deposits. People are accustomed to call the blocks here as Xinchang Stone, hence the name Xinchang District. There are many pits in the new yard area, but the use time is the shortest, and it is easy to be abandoned. The more stable fields are: Big Mobian, Little Mobian, Gdimo, Mother's Father, Moxisa, Banlong, Masa, Sankamo, Karamo, Sanketang, and Mobanwa.

Houjiang Field District, Houjiang is a tributary on the north side of the Ulu River, named Kangdi River. The jadeite mining area is distributed on the riverside, so it is called the Houjiang area. It is also an alluvial deposit, mined later, in the early 16th century. It includes two sites, Houjiang and Namo. Although the two places are not far apart, the jadeite blocks produced are very different. The blocks produced in the Houjiang field area are generally around oo grams, with many products, excellent texture, thin upper shell, and high humor production. Now the depth of the excavation has passed the sixth layer, about the fourth layer has a compartment, the first two layers are similar to the situation of the old field area, the block shell of the sixth layer is almost all yellow wax shell, the compartment after the sixth layer is relatively thick, and the current ore yield is low. The main venues are: Molong, Bisidu, Gemulin, Pardoman, Hong Kong Mo, Mo Dongguo, Modi, Jiaying, Bugeduo, Geqing Mo.

Namo field area, Namo is a Burmese language, which means thunder. This field area is also called the lightning field area, and the blocks produced are called thunder stones. This field is located in the upper reaches of the Kangdi River, mostly seen as supergeneous ore, the block is inferior, the cracks are many, the bottom water is dry and the hardness is poor, the texture is loose, most of them can not be cut and made, although there are green, most of them belong to the variant stone, and its value is very low. The reason for the variant of thunder stone needs to be further explored from the cause to see if the lower layer can change, hoping to produce authentic jadeite. In recent years, people have gradually gained a new perspective on this area. At the beginning of 99, a huge high-quality block like a house appeared in this field, which was like a miracle and caused a sensation for a while. At present, there are only representative venues: Namo, Qinlan Gang, and Menglan Gang.

Xiaochang area, this field is located in the south of the Ulu River, with an area of about 45 square kilometers, which is three times larger than the Houjiang field. This is a primary deposit, which has produced many high-quality jadeite, and is an indispensable part of the entire Myanmar jadeite mining area. The deepest entrance of this field has been controlled to the fourth layer, with many black blocks with wax shells, and the most famous fields are: Nanqi, Nanmo, Moliu, Ximo, Mohan, Nanxion, Wuqigong, Nahei, Tongdong, Moliumo, and Mogedi.

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"Did you study geography? Or do you study archaeology? All this is so clear? Sun Weiwei asked with some shock.

At this time, including Sun Rongrong, they all had to admire Zhang Wufeng's erudition and strong memory.

"He's a big expert," Sun Rongrong said with a smile.

Zhang Wufeng smiled when he heard this, and didn't explain much, because he has a strong memory, and the world of dreams has captured the memories of many experts, and he has also specialized in the entire archaeology, so for these, it is really a piece of cake, but it is just interesting to say, but it is not intended to be a scholar.

He pondered for a moment, then said in a magnetic voice: "A long time ago, the Burmese could not dig large pieces of jadeite out of the soil, so they used to burn the pieces through with firewood, pour cold water on them to blow them up, and then pick up the green pieces. Because cutting is time-consuming and laborious, this method is also commonly used to crush large blocks dug out of the ground. Myanmar is an agricultural country with few advanced excavation machinery, and most of today's mining, except for a few pits using hydraulic drills, is still based on ancient manual excavation. They do not do exploration, all by experience and luck, whether they can dig a better variety, there is no bottom in their hearts, they are superstitious that jadeite has aura, as long as there is good luck, you can dig good jadeite. Despite the hardships, people continue to do the same year after year.

The mining time of the mining area in Myanmar is from September to April of the following year in the lunar calendar every year. The rest of the season is the rainy season, the potholes are waterlogged, the climate is hot, and it is very difficult to live and dig. Every dry season, groups of jade workers, from the ground up the mountain to find the boss, choose the entrance, with an iron pickaxe crowbar, like digging deep into the ground, if digging a stone, the small piece is sent to the ground to distinguish, the large piece is washed away with water, carefully judge whether it is jadeite, and then use all the strength to lift it to the ground, if it is not good or not jadeite, avoid the stone, continue to dig deep. This method is called "digging a hole".

Another method is called "opening a pond", in which the jade diggers do not go deep and deep, but dig a hole the size of a fish pond horizontally. Dig and look for stones. This method is commonly used in new sites.

The third is the "seedling flushing method". The jade diggers thought that the soil on the ground was thin, so they used a water pump to divert water to flush it, and if the existing stones were exposed, they immediately dug them out. This method is often used in the Namo area.

The fourth is the "salvage method". Dig up the jade with a ventilator hose and a waterproof goggle, dive into the river pond to identify the gravel and jadeite, and then salvage it to the ground, distinguish the advantages and disadvantages and decide to abandon it. This method is still in use today at the entrance of the site along the Irrawaddy River.

……”