Chapter 618 The Soviet Union withdrew its troops from Afghanistan

Between 1954 and 1955, the scandal erupted in the attempted attempt to bomb Egypt by Moses = Charit, the prime minister of Israel, causing Israel to be politically humiliated. , / Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956, and Britain and France were rather unhappy about it. After being attacked by a series of Arab underground militias, Israel secretly formed an alliance with Britain and France and declared war on Egypt. After the Suez Canal crisis, three countries were condemned by the United Nations, and Israel was forced to withdraw its troops from the Sinai Peninsula

In 1955, David = Ben Gullian became Prime Minister of Israel again and remained in office until 1963, when he resigned. After Gurian's resignation, Levi = Eichkol succeeded him as prime minister.

In 1961, Adolf = Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal and one of the masterminds of the Holocaust in Europe, was arrested by Israeli Mossad intelligence agents in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and sent back to Israel for trial. Eichmann became the only criminal in Israel's history to be sentenced to death by a court.

In 1974, Yitzhak = Rabin succeeded Mrs. Mel as Chapter 618 Regiment. The second is to give full play to the mouthpiece of public opinion and carry out pro-Israeli propaganda. The third is to lobby government officials through outside the hospital. Fourth, enter the upper echelons of political circles to safeguard the rights and interests of Jews. It is precisely with the support of the United States that Israel, a small land, has become an important political force in the Middle East.

Historically, Israel's leaders have often come to Washington and pleaded with the United States to address its domestic needs and crises. While the threat is no longer aimed at Israel alone, but at the West and other countries in the Middle East, it may happen again.

Israel will strive to acquire scientific and technological capabilities, combined with efforts to seek energy security and address global warming. This kind of thinking may soon become an important aspect of the special relationship between the United States and Israel, benefiting both countries as well as others.

"It's difficult," Jason shook his head, "The Bush family, as a die-hard and follower of the Rockefeller family, has always represented the interests of the Rockefeller oil consortium, and they have always been extremely concerned about the affairs of the Middle East, and they will never allow other forces to interfere in the affairs of the Middle East." ”

"As a pawn of the United States in the Middle East, Israel is located in the Palestinian region, which controls the Suez Canal, an oil transportation channel in the south, radiates to the east to several major oil-producing countries, and to the west to the Mediterranean Sea, alluding to Europe, and can be said to be an extremely important strategic location.

"Not to mention the Republican Rockefeller who is now in power, and this interest is not going to be good because of those few so-called allies because it touches their core interests, and they will never compromise, and even starting a war is very likely."

When Lin Yu heard this, he shrugged his shoulders and gave up his previous thoughts, "Okay, let's solve the problems of the Soviet Union and Japan first, and then find an opportunity to deal with Israel later." ”

The price of gold fell below $200 an ounce more than anyone expected, which is probably the lowest point in nearly 15 years.

Just when the market was generally on the sidelines, a net of gold from all over the world began, and this net was started because of a political event in Eastern Europe.

USSR.

Yeltsin, who was elected president of the largest republic of the Soviet Union, systematically withheld the tax revenue paid to the central government at the beginning of his election, causing a sharp decline in the Soviet economy in 88 and 89 and inflicting another heavy blow on the Soviet Union, which was already very unbearable.

Moreover, in order to "facilitate" Gorbachev's reforms, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations and Chief Adviser to the Central Bank Milor, Soviet Prime Minister Vykirov and other elites suggested to the top of the CPSU that in order to achieve good results in economic reform, it was necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm of the entire Soviet people and involve the broad masses of the people.

Opening up freedom of speech is the best way to gain public opinion, but it was the case that the Soviet Union, with its high degree of centralization and press control since the Stalin era, had indeed played a very negative role, and the speech of ordinary people was subject to supervision and control, and the people's discontent gradually increased.

This suggestion of the elite group was immediately well received by the people, and the CPSU finally banned freedom of speech on television and the media, and held a wide debate on the 'economic reform phalanx' that shook society, but soon the CPSU paid the price for his recklessness.

First, some anonymous foreign institutions bought up and infiltrated the Soviet media, causing many famous newspapers and broadcasts in the Soviet Union to change hands one after another, and then a great ideological upheaval came.

Freedom of speech was a good thing in itself, however, the situation with the participation of the Soviet people did not arise. Television, radio, newspapers, and other media have invited senior government officials, well-known scholars, and high-ranking intellectuals to speak. Workers, peasants and the general public were seen as an uneducated and uneducated bunch of people who were kept out of the door.

Soon the media was flooded with all sorts of novelty theories, and it became fashionable to be unconventional, and whoever had a novel approach and a unique proposal would receive the attention of the masses. However, some of the more practical reform options have been neglected.

After evolution, these unconventional doctrines soon turned into a wave of attacks on the socialist system, and whoever attacked socialism more fiercely and scolded the more fiercely he became famous.

Yeltsin and others made good use of this sentiment of the broad masses of the people, and quickly led their dissatisfaction with the shortcomings of the socialist system to suspicion of the system itself, and for a time, the high-pressure policy of the Stalin period became the evidence of socialism, as if socialism meant dictatorship and self-reliance.

The Soviet people were very confused by the situation.

Under these conditions, the USSR began to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.

In fact, as early as April 1988, under the auspices of UN Secretary-General de Cuéllar, the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union, the United States, the Kabul regime in Afghanistan and Pakistan signed an agreement in Geneva on a political settlement of the Afghan question. The agreement includes four documents and a memorandum of understanding on United Nations oversight, calling for non-interference in the internal affairs of Pakistan and the Kabul regimes in Afghanistan, the voluntary return of Afghan refugees, and international protection by the United States and the Soviet Union. The agreement also stipulated that all Soviet troops should be withdrawn from Afghanistan within nine months from May 5, 1988.

The protracted war put the Soviet Union under enormous political, diplomatic, economic, and military pressure. Repeated defeats on the battlefield and the growing guerrillas in Afghanistan forced the Soviet Union to change its policy of aggression against Afghanistan. In 1985, after MS Gorbachev became General Secretary of the CPSU, it was decided to gradually withdraw from Afghanistan. In order to achieve this goal, the Soviet Union actively promoted the political settlement process of the Afghan issue and kept the scale of the war at a low level; At the same time, it stepped up armament and handed over the task of 'clearance' to the Afghan government army, which was mainly responsible for defending the city and lines of communication.

In order to drive the Soviet troops out of the country and overthrow the Kabul regime, the Afghan guerrillas launched frequent offensives on cities and communication routes, and launched many attacks on Kabul, Kunduz, Kandahar, Jalalabad, Herat, and other important cities. The offensive on Kabul involved 50,000 troops for several months, posing a serious threat to the Soviet and Afghan government forces. However, due to the political differences within the guerrillas, the lack of unified command, and the backwardness of weapons and equipment, the offensive was repeatedly frustrated. On the battlefield in Afghanistan, there was a stalemate in which the Soviet forces controlled the main cities and communication lines, and the guerrillas controlled the vast rural areas, and neither side could win. Under these circumstances, the Soviet Union was forced to accept the Geneva Agreement reached on April 14, 1988, and withdrew all its troops of 1.15 million troops in two phases from May 15 ~ February 5, 1 year of the same year. At this point, the Soviet Union's war of aggression against Afghanistan ended.

The war in Afghanistan lasted for more than nine years and brought untold suffering to the people of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. More than 1.3 million people have lost their lives in Afghanistan and more than 5 million have been refugees in exile; The Soviet Union had more than 10,000 officers and soldiers fighting in Afghanistan, with a total of more than 50,000 casualties and a cost of 45 billion rubles, which weakened its national strength and forced it to change its global strategy, which had a far-reaching impact on the international strategic pattern. During the war, the Soviet army used a large number of advanced weapons and adopted a variety of strategies and tactics, but because it was an unjust war, it was strongly opposed by the international community and the Soviet people. Although the Afghan People's Resistance Forces are inferior in terms of strength and weapons, they are engaged in a just war, are supported by the broad masses of the people and the international community, have high morale of the troops, and have successfully waged guerrilla warfare, which has plunged the strong enemy into the vast sea of people's war and finally forced the invading army to withdraw from the country.

On February 5, 1989, Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

However, the war in Afghanistan also proved to be a drag on the economy and military politics of the Soviet Union.

This war, which had not been effective for ten years, was almost useless in the eyes of everyone, and only accelerated the decline of the Soviet Union. Clear