Magnolia Park

Because of the Chinese New Year, the park, which used to have a large number of people, has also become sparsely populated. At the end of the river, willow trees are neatly arranged on the cement platform on the river beach, and each tree has a special space for it to grow. It's winter, and the willow trees, which used to be full of green, have also turned yellow. Occasionally, some fallen willow leaves can be seen on the white cement platform.

The river is as calm as a mirror, and there are only groups of two or three groups of people chatting and playing by the river.

At the end of the river, in the innermost part of the park, a young man in a black turtleneck coat sat quietly on a riverside bench, his back leaning back on the bench chair, holding a small shabby book in his hand.

The boy crossed his legs and quietly flipped through the book. His face looked extremely ordinary, but his eyes were faintly sharp and scrutinizing. Even though he was reading a book, if you look closely into his eyes, you will see that he is actually wandering.

Naturally, this person would not be someone else, it was Wu Ling, who had just stepped out of the taxi.

Wu Ling himself didn't expect that he would be next to Magnolia Park after he got out of the car. As a well-known park in Yulan City, there are still many commercial streets around the park, which are different from the noisy commercial streets, although Yulan Park is only separated from those commercial streets, but there is a clear contrast between noise and tranquility.

If it is not necessary, Wu Ling will definitely choose to wait for the family to return home and the parents fall asleep before coming out, instead of getting off the bus halfway and making the parents start to worry. The reason for the change is that he sensed the energy fluctuations of the Adeptus when he was halfway through.

And he was quite familiar with these energy fluctuations, and they were some of the little guys in Shueisha.

Although those Shueisha people are much older than Wu Ling, and even have a big round, but just from the perspective of strength, those who have just entered the level of the ability, in front of Wu Ling, are not even the little guys.

Although the strength of these abilities was not very good, it also completely made Wu Ling vigilant. Because in the past, although Shueisha also had people to protect Wu Xueqing and Chang Huifang, they would never directly dispatch the supernatural ones like now.

Although they are only level-level supernatural beings, they still have a high status in Magnolia, a city where there are only two or three thousand supernatural abilities. Let such a person be a bodyguard, or even protect two ordinary people, ordinary people can't do it at all.

Although Wu Ling has now violently come out of some strength, there is no way to do this. That's why Wu Ling was a little vigilant, and he got out of the car halfway.

It's just that what makes Wu Ling a little strange is that after he came down, the other party didn't take the initiative to hide, and even walked directly past him slowly, following Wu Xueqing and Chang Huifang's car. This situation let Wu Ling know that all this today is a little different from the past.

And the reason why this is the case, then there will definitely be someone who will explain all this. So he wasn't in a hurry, someone would come out and explain.

So he was ready to find a quiet place to wait for the explanation, and if he did, he would not stay on the side of the road. I bought a book casually on the road, and then I came to Magnolia Park, reading and waiting.

At first, Wu Ling really didn't care, but after getting his hands on it, he found out that what he bought was the book of the famous German philosopher Schopenhauer.

Speaking of Schopenhauer, this is a person who ordinary people may not understand, but he occupies a very important place in the history of world philosophy.

Schopenhauer's father was a wealthy merchant in Denzer (present-day Poland), so the younger Schopenhauer was raised according to the model of a son inheriting his father's business. In order to equip him with the qualities to become a giant businessman, his family arranged for him to learn a lot of modern languages, so that when he grew up, he could speak fluent English and French in addition to his native German. This also gives him the enviable "international" trait. He saw himself as a European in the broad sense of the word, without the slightest hint of German nationalism.

His father came from a family with a genetic history of mental illness and therefore suffered from a neurotic disorder with a depressive surname. However, he married an optimistic and cheerful wife, whose surname was very different from his. After Schopenhauer's suicide, Schopenhauer's mother moved to Weimar, where she opened a salon (which Goethe sometimes visited in his later years), became a proprietress herself, and became a successful writer of romance novels. Indeed, her fame in her time far surpassed that of her own son. At that time, Schopenhauer's masterpiece "The World as Intention and Appearance" came out, and it suffered from obscurity for more than a decade.

In the year his father drowned himself in the canals of Hamburg, Schopenhauer was just a seventeen-year-old boy with a bad surname. Although he was very reluctant before, he still agreed to his family's career plan for him to become a businessman. However, the death of his father made him financially able to read, so that he could give up business and choose the philosophical path he later pursued. He had a big fight with his mother because he felt (and undoubtedly right) that his mother did not have enough respect and affection for his dead father. His mother later withdrew, lest she come into direct conflict with her emotional, stubborn, argumentative son. In a letter to Schopenhauer, she wrote: "Although I will be happy only when I know that you are happy, it is not necessary to see you happy with my own eyes. ”

Schopenhauer's most satisfying relationship was with an animal (the poodle's inheritance), not with a person. With a mediocre appearance and a social clumsiness, he has never captured a woman's heart with affection. Just as he emphasized the importance of extraconscious motivation, he also frankly acknowledged the importance of the "surname instinct", and thus he was clearly a forerunner of Freud's thought (although he did not pay lip service to how much inspiration he received from Schopenhauer). However, his love life did not bring him lasting happiness. He had only two short-lived illegitimate children and remained unmarried for life. In his essay On Women (1851), he argues that, although women are known to be attractive to handsome and strong young men (undoubtedly from experience), the reason for this is only "an expression of a racial desire which is not controlled by consciousness," because this desire ensures "the healthy continuation of mankind."

Schopenhauer failed to begin his medical studies in Göttingen, and then moved to Berlin with a cigar, a pistol, a flute, and a poodle that he had to carry, although he still had an affection for the natural sciences in his heart. In Berlin, he went to a lecture by the famous idealist philosopher Fichte (a self-proclaimed follower of Kant). Cartwright's biography of Schopenhauer records the change in Schopenhauer's attitude towards Fichte: at first confused, then he (Schopenhauer) could not understand him (Fichte), and finally he decided that Fichte was nothing more than a fair-mouthed and pretentious guy. At the age of 25, he successfully submitted his doctoral dissertation, which was later published as On the Fourfold Roots of Sufficient Reason, which, although readable is acceptable, is hardly a hint of Schopenhauer's great prose style. After his retirement he lived in Dresden, where he wrote his first central work, The World as Intention and Appearance, in 1819, after a series of meditations on Plato, Kant, and the Eastern ideas that formed the Upanishads, although it was not taken seriously at the time.

It's strange that such a fascinating and talented work should be so overlooked. One reason for this was that the philosophical arena at that time was occupied by its old enemy Hegel. Schopenhauer made several attempts to teach his own philosophy in the classroom at the University of Berlin. He set his lectures at the same time as Hegel's, and this stubborn and self-deprecating behavior brought him only inevitable shame: students flocked to Hegel's lectures, only a few "weirdos" were willing to listen to him, and sometimes he even lectured in empty classrooms.

Later, Schopenhauer made a series of curses against Hegel, such as "Poor old . . . "Charlatan" is already relatively light, and he makes himself very unlikable in this regard. In 1839, he won the paper prize of the Norwegian Academy of Sciences for his essay "On the Desire of Desire". And the following year, he participated in the Royal Danish Association for Scientific Research with "On the Foundations of Morality" for the prize-winning essay entitled "Foundations of Morality", which was "tragic" even though it was the only paper to be submitted. Obviously, invective of several prominent philosophers of the time was a major reason for the rejection of the paper. Nevertheless, Schopenhauer published the essay with the title of "not being awarded a prize by the Royal Danish Society for Scientific Research", and added more invuking of Hegel to the preface, as well as scolding the Danes.

Schopenhauer's accusations against Hegel rarely resonate in modern times, but Karl? Popper, however, was one of the famous contemporary philosophers who favored Schopenhauer. Hegel is still at the heart of the modern philosophy curriculum, while Schopenhauer can only be regarded as "non-mainstream". Compared with the philosophical influence of the two, I am afraid that everyone will say that Hegel is more profound and greater, but this does not mean that the winner is decided. Hegel, like most other philosophers, was essentially an optimist, believing that "history will eventually bring us the best, the understanding, and the rationality." Schopenhauer, one of the few pessimistic philosophers, did not find salvation in history, believing that mankind was doomed to no happiness regardless of the current or future political system. (To be continued.) )