Mysterious things are difficult to accept, because they are mysterious, so no one knows what is hidden behind it, whether it is fear, luck or something else. Because it is so unknown, except for some careerists, few people take the initiative to touch these things.

In the past, hypnosis was actually the same reason, although it had a good status and was used in theology, but it could not be accepted by ordinary people, and I always felt that it was a force that could not be mastered.

It was not until the 18th century that Mesmarck began to systematically carry out research work on hypnotism, proposing the theory of animal magnetic fluids. After studying theology, philosophy, and law, and later engaged in medical research, he graduated from the University of Vienna, and was influenced by the magnet treatment at that time, and also used this method to cure many patients, and the impact was very widespread. Therefore, he created the method of using magnetic gas barrels for group therapy: ask patients to sit around a magnetic gas barrel, fill the barrel with magnetic water, iron filings and other materials, place a shiny copper wire on the top of the barrel, and connect each person to a copper wire leading to the magnetic barrel, indicating that the magnetic gas can be transferred to the human body through the copper wire.

When everything was ready, Mai Shi was dressed in a black hypnosis suit, holding a magnetic rod, and whispered the hypnotic words repeated, and soon the recipient entered a state of collective hypnosis, and then gave various hints for psychological treatment, and after the treatment, he hinted to wake up. Mak thinks; The flow of magnetic gas affects the flow of magnetic gas in the human body and plays a therapeutic role, so it is also called the "animal magnetic gas" college, and later it was determined that the magnetic gas barrel has no magnetic gas. He later created the hand-press method and achieved the same effect, but he still insisted that magnetic energy through the palm of the hand could affect the flow of magnetic energy in the body of others and cure diseases. Due to the jealousy and ruthless accusations of his colleagues in the medical field, Mak had to abandon the medical profession and return to his hometown, where he died of depression. Later generations erected a monument in Germany in honor of him. This view of the fluid doctrine lasted for about three centuries. It can also be considered the embryonic stage of the science of hypnosis.

In the late 18th century, with the progress and continuous development of science and technology, the research of psychophysiology has achieved gratifying results, and at the same time, under the influence of the industrial revolution, hypnotism has regained people's attention and research, and it is believed that the hypnotic state is due to psychological suggestion, nervous system fatigue and other reasons, so as to have a correct understanding of hypnotism. There was an English doctor named C.**raid who went to watch a Swiss physician perform hypnosis in November 1841 to treat patients. Brix had a critical eye for the fraud, but he found no flaw, the patient was cured, and Bushi was fascinated by the strange phenomenon, which in turn aroused his great interest. After several observations, it was found that the subjects always had their eyes closed and showed fatigue, which Brinell believed was an artificial sleep method. From his initial suspicion and contempt for hypnotism, Brieux gradually became believing and began to use hypnosis. After many experiments, he found that making the recipient stare at a glass bottle filled with water also achieve the same effect, achieving a hypnotic state, which Brinell believes is caused by the fatigue of the optic nerve. In line with this view, Bruce introduced the Greek word 'hypnus' (sleep) and came up with the word hypnotism, which was changed from 'hypnotism' to hypnosis. The term Dayi has been used to this day.

Brad had extensive experience in hypnosis, and in 1843 he published The Treatise on Neurosis Sleep, proposing the stages of hypnosis and its therapeutic effects on neurosis. In 1850, hypnosis was used as an anesthetic method in surgery, called 'hypnotic anesthesia', and it was popular to perform surgery instead of drug anesthesia. Although hypnosis has gained a new life, it has brought about the abuse of hypnotism, and even portrayed it as a curative rejuvenation technique. However, with the development of synthetic drugs and medical technology, people gradually feel that hypnosis is not a 'fairy art'. Moreover, its therapeutic effect is unstable, its application is limited by many things, and it gradually loses its due credibility. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) used the ** idea instead of hypnosis. At present, the study of the psychophysiology of hypnosis is becoming more and more in-depth, and corresponding research institutions have been established in various countries, and hypnosis has been mastered by many doctors and widely used in clinical practice.

Not only in the West, but also in China, in fact, from ancient times to modern times, hypnotism is not too unfamiliar.

The true origin and development of Chinese hypnotism can only be seen in ancient books due to limited written records. For example, the story of Emperor Tang Ming's night tour of the Moon Palace (seen in "Tang Yishi" and "Immortal Biography"): On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Emperor Ming played with the moon in the palace, and Luo Gongyuan said: Your Majesty don't want to go to the middle of the month? He took the rod and threw it, and turned it into a great bridge, the color of which was like silver. Please go up to the same board, go to the big city, and say: This moon palace also. "The Surprise of the First Moment" said that Emperor Tang Ming saw a gold-lettered plaque in the Moon Palace, and learned "Ni Clothes and Feather Song" from the fairies in the palace, which may be a folk legend, or maybe Luo Gongyuan used a hypnotic book to make Tang Ming Emperor have all kinds of magical hallucinations under the hint. In addition, there are also records of King Zhou Mu seeing the immortals of the West Pole Heavenly Kingdom descending to earth, being able to make people burn, and being able to wear gold and stones, which may be the manifestation of post-hypnotic hallucinations. There are similar descriptions of hypnotic grass in Confucian books in China, but hypnotism is considered to be witchcraft with "strange powers". Hypnotism is also more common among the people, and it is also recorded in ancient books.

The application of hypnotism in China is also the same as in foreign countries, which was first seen in temples, and clergy often used hypnotism to preach, divination, and dispel diseases. They use not only self-hypnosis, but also group hypnosis. After self-hypnosis, they look like they are possessed by gods, and then they greet each other for the believers. Some people can also use skilled collective hypnotism to make the believers enter a hypnotic state collectively, and through suggestion, the believers can also hear God's will and see God's face. The state of aphroxia in which folk witches pretend to be ghosts also has similar characteristics.

In 1909, Yu Pingke, Liu Yuqi and others first founded the Huaguo Mind Club (later changed to the Huaguo Mind Research Association) to carry out research on Ding psychology and hypnosis, and published more than 60 kinds of hypnosis publications, such as "Hypnosis", "Electron Microscopy Hypnosis", "Hypnotherapy Team", "Hypnosis Questions and Answers", etc., and trained a large number of students.

In its heyday, there were more than 80,000 members of the research society, which can be said to be a brilliant period in the history of hypnosis in China. But at the same time, there was also the phenomenon of misuse of hypnosis, which caused a bad influence among the masses, and its reputation plummeted, and even was criticized, thus hindering the further development of hypnosis, and soon fell into a low ebb, after liberation, only a few doctors carefully applied hypnotism for the purpose of curing diseases, but did not dare to teach, let alone promote.

In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of science and technology, psychological science has received due attention, more and more people are engaged in the research of this discipline, hypnotism as an important part of psychotherapy has also begun to recover, fortunately since the establishment of the new Chinese People's Republic of China, the first national hypnotism workshop was finally held in October 1986. Eastern Province Thai. More than 50 students from all over the country participated in the study.

During the workshop, not only theoretical study was carried out, but also teaching, and hypnosis was used to cure some strange diseases, a yellow muscle, weak anorexia patient, 3 months did not eat grain, only fruit to satisfy hunger; During hypnosis treatment, you can follow the doctor's instructions and drink and eat with relish. After hypnosis, my mood improved instantly, and I happily ate at the same table with the teachers and students, and the effect was beyond the reach of drugs. A quick hypnosis demonstration was also given at the graduation party. Through the study, the trainees basically mastered the essentials of hypnosis, and after returning to their respective units, the trainees were able to use hypnosis for treatment, and achieved satisfactory results.

In modern times, no matter what it is, whether it is traditional or mythical, there are people who want to explain it with modern science, so hypnotism naturally cannot escape such a fate, and almost every discipline has its own interpretation.

Biology believes that hypnosis is a generalized conditioned effect, and the stimulus that introduces the hypnotic state is regarded as a conditioned stimulus. Pavlov found that when given a monotonous repetitive stimulus to dogs locked up in the laboratory, the dogs would gradually fall asleep or have stiff limbs. Pavlov believes that hypnotic words are also a kind of monotonous and repetitive stimulus, and they are the content of describing sleep phenomena, so hypnotic words, as a sleep-related conditioned stimulus, make the cerebral cortex inhibit the choice of surnames, that is, the intermediate stage or transition stage from wakefulness to sleep process, hypnosis is partial sleep. Later, this view was further modified to consider hypnotic states as a form of hyperconcentration with reduced peripheral sensation. The concentration of the sensation in a hypnotic state that can only maintain a single line of interaction with the hypnotist is like the central vision is clear and delicate when the central vision is focused on something, and the surrounding visual field is wide, but the precision is low and blurred. The most common hypnotic experiences in everyday life, such as being engrossed in an interesting book or magazine, or a heart-touching film or play, will lose their normal orientation in time and space, and forget everything around them. However, at present, most people believe that there is still a lack of convincing objective physiological indicators and experimental basis for surnames to explain this local physiology. Sleep EEG and hypnotic EEG still do not have sufficient evidence to suggest that hypnosis is partial sleep.

Some people explain hypnosis based on the theory of conditioning, combined with the perspective of psychological suggestion. They combine the role played by suggestion with the psychophysiological view of guided tendencies, arguing that suggestive caste stimuli are a good revelator for the emergence of hypnotic states. People often grow up with experience that, for example, if someone is a dentist, then he will have a dental implant, and if he says he is a mechanic, then he will definitely be able to fix cars. Based on this stereotyped concept, he also believes that the hypnotist must be hypnotized, and then he will accept the suggestive stimulus describing sleep and enter a hypnotic state. (To be continued.) )