In addition, in addition to blood kinship, there are other ways to establish circles. Whether or not to become a member of a circle and how high one's status in the circle is often not determined by a person's character and ability, but by the person's relationship with the core person. Therefore, the trust of the Chinese people has a strong human color. People can improve the trust relationship between people through the operation of human relations, that is, they can build trust with "strangers" through existing networks or methods such as hospitality and gifts.

After the new Chinese state, following the example of the former Soviet Union, the unit system prevailed, and it still has a great influence today. According to different standards, everyone is in different units, birth, old age, sickness and death, one should be the responsibility of the unit. Everyone has also become a unit person, and each unit is not only an independent circle, but also a small circle in the entire industry system, layered on top of each other to form a special social structure.

The dependence of the circle members on the circle is very serious, and the clothing, food, housing, transportation, personal career development and so on are all maintained here. Therefore, members need to be cautious about their superiors, "the tiger mustache cannot be touched", for fear that the leaders will have the slightest disgust. Because, in a member who lives under the nose of the leader, there will naturally be more possibilities and opportunities to expose their own shortcomings, and the criteria for leadership evaluation are not easy to be limited to work performance, etc., and even the habits of members and the way of doing things that have nothing to do with work may become the standard of leadership evaluation. Therefore, under this pervasive monitoring and all-round assessment system, subordinates are naturally cautious and cautious everywhere.

In addition, because the relationship between the members of the circle is criss-crossed, it is inseparable. Meantime. Because it is not easy to leave the circle, it also cultivates or forces members to adopt a long-term way of doing things. Because you speak ill of a member today. Maybe tomorrow you may have a handle in the hands of the other party, so. In order to avoid risks, everyone tries to maintain a harmonious atmosphere, and if they can not offend others, they must not offend others, so as not to cut off their own retreat in the future.

Therefore, this innate dependence on the circle determines the tame side of the members. In fact, in order to ensure the harmony of the circle and not pose a threat to the center, the main requirement for the members of the circle is to be obedient and obedient. It is often said that "the gun shoots the first bird", "the rafters that come out rot first", and "the tree is a big wind". People are afraid of being famous, pigs are afraid of being strong" and other maxims, which lead to the people of the country valuing the mandate of heaven, ignoring manpower, no innovation, and fear of change. In the political structure of China, the saddest and worst end are generally reformers, so the general officials believe in it. Do not seek merit, but seek no fault.

Superiors are not accustomed to controlling their subordinates through systems and processes, but rely on feelings and interests to maintain them. Therefore, many leaders think about appeasing their subordinates and balancing them all day long. Therefore, the rulers of the Chinese state, such as Qianlong, used the purpose of encouraging their courtiers or subordinates to fight each other and mediating in the middle. This is a very traditional court politics in China, or a conspiracy. When the leadership ability is not able to control the subordinates. It is easy for subordinates to disobey the command or even replace them. Or simply set up another hill. A common phenomenon in Chinese enterprises is that the main cadre will take away a large number of loyal subordinates to set up their own doors after they are full-fledged. In foreign countries, we rarely see this, because the development of many companies does not rely on one or two capabilities, but on systems and cultures, and the larger the company, the more so.

In the circle, everyone is cautious, because they are their own people, or they are closely related to themselves. Outside the circle, they are outsiders, not their own people, so there is no need to be "gentle and frugal", and there is no need to be fake. In other words, it is better to suffer losses for acquaintances, and there is a trade-off of interests in it; If you are an outsider, you don't need to plan for the long term, so you don't need to pay attention to the rules.

Because, everyone has developed the habit of relying on the people in the circle first, because they are willing to help, and they don't trust the people outside the circle. If a person has to deal with people outside the circle, even if it is above board, even if there are normal administrative procedures, etc., the official affairs, according to the rules of the name, may not be very smooth. And if you set up friendship first and enter the other party's circle first, it will naturally be much smoother to get things done. Therefore, the trend of entrusting people to find relationships prevails and continues to this day. Because, once you enter the circle, you are naturally your own person, and you naturally have a sense of trust when you do things, and the speed of building trust can be very fast.

However, due to the impact of the market economy and the expansion of individual selfish desires, this pattern of trust-building has changed somewhat. Entering a circle, relying solely on friendship and family affection is a little unreliable, so gifts, lines. Bribery and other things are widely used, and there are many risks of this kind of quick "trust". In order to avoid risks, many corrupt elements try their best to control their own small circle, or to carefully build this circle, only operating in the inner circle, and only accepting what the members of the inner circle want. Everyone has a stake, a grasshopper on a rope, which reduces the risk, or takes the route of "blue chips", the number is small, but few and fine, one top ten use.

This kind of disregard for the outside of the circle makes people pay little attention to the interests of others or the outside world, resulting in a lack of social morality and social norms that are difficult to establish. For example, spitting, "individuals sweep the snow in front of the door, who cares about the frost on the tiles of others", and only cares about their own one-third of an acre. As a result, personal interests are ultimately not protected. Mr. Liang Shuming once recalled: When he was eight years old, the Eight-Nation Coalition entered Beijing, and the American GIs entered his house to search him, and finally when he left, he made a noise: The gate is too dirty, and it must be cleaned every day! It's really laughable.

Under the circle culture, the leadership authority is too heavy, on the one hand, it cultivates the spiritual temperament of Chinese people (especially the people at the bottom) to be patient and hardworking, on the other hand, it actually condones the bullying and humiliation of the upper class to the lower level, resulting in the continuous amplification of authority. Institutionalism has been further strengthened, and the phenomenon of "one word hall" has become serious.

Along with leadership authority, it is the stifling and extinguishing of the personality and creativity of members. In the circle, everyone pays attention to the same uniformity, which is convenient for management, and at the same time, it seems to form a unified joint force. Because of the habit of relying on the circle and others, and not being weaned spiritually, each individual loses its independence from the group, resulting in the loss of individual individuality and will, and in the long run, the suppression of individual needs and interests and the habitual dependence of members on the collective and leadership.

The circle culture also creates a lack of institutions. The circle society is a society of human feelings, and human relations infiltrate the law, and even override the law. Mr. Lin once said: "Chinese people put human feelings above reason." In the relationship between emotion, reason, and law, first use emotion to reason, and when it doesn't make sense, and then use law to reason.

The trust of the circle society is an irrational relationship, with a strong human color. This has also led to a loss of trust in people in non-networked networks, and by extension, to the whole society, resulting in a crisis of trust. In addition, due to the influence of the traditional power scheming culture, even people in the "pro" circle calculate and guard against each other for reasons of interest, which also leads to the loss of mutual trust. The common people have no sense of security, neither does the emperor Lao'er, and the officials under the emperor Lao'er do not, whether you have money or not, whether you have power or not, everyone has no sense of security.

Today, when the trend of personal development is gradually rising, relying solely on the leadership of one person is prone to disaster. The more the society develops, the weaker the authority of the leadership becomes, and more rational and scientific methods of rule and management are adopted, so that the society and the state can develop more easily and in an orderly manner. Therefore, we need to reinvent this circle. Specifically, it is necessary to synthesize the world's excellent cultures and create new advanced cultures through integration. Elevate the small circle into a large circle, transform the circle culture into a community culture, and create a common social space.

First of all, it is necessary to advocate the cultivation of a sound personality. What is most lacking in the culture of the Chinese circle is the healthy development of personality. It is precisely because of the lack of individuality that blind authority prevails, and there is no effective and reasonable restraint, which leads to consciously or unconsciously moving the circle in a dangerous direction; It is precisely because there is no rational development of personality that everyone is like the crowd and there is no creativity. Therefore, we should draw on the experience of the West in the full development of personality and advocate the appropriate development of the individual, so as to create a healthy Chinese culture and serve the development of society. Specifically, we can start with education, and then exercise and strengthen it in various decision-making processes, so that we can work step by step to create a healthy atmosphere that nurtures the full development of the personality.

Second, we need to establish an institutionalized guarantee. Use the system, instead of relying on power and "enlightenment" to manage, but be determined to master the art and skills of management. In terms of specific practices, everything is not for "things" and not for "people", while retaining the flexibility of human governance, it dilutes its color and gradually replaces it with processes and systems.

In a sociological sense, "circle" means "community", "tribe", "group"; From personal experience, a "circle" is a group of people with similar aspirations, interests, ages, and even places of residence, and these groups are often presented to others in the form of dinners. The circle is formed under the domination of the consciousness of success, and as long as the individual does not make a mistake in the circle, the circle will not exclude the individual. However, not all circles can lead to success, so it is more important to "choose a circle" than to "enter a circle". The circle can't be too big, and if it's too big, there will be fewer opportunities to speak. In addition, there cannot be no figures in a circle who hold the power to speak, but there must not be too many such figures, otherwise a circle will be divided into multiple circles, resulting in a dilemma for individuals when deciding which circle to go to.

Circles have existed since ancient times, but between the 50s and 80s, Chinese society was in a special closed period, and the politicized state replaced everything, so the circle was submerged. Circles became active after the 80s, reflecting the diversity of informal organizational groups. Any kind of trait, such as occupation, taste, specialty, personality, income, and even age and gender, can be formed into different circles to maintain a way of life of its own. People are constantly forming circles, and they are constantly choosing circles, creating circles that suit them, and looking for sustenance in the circles. (To be continued......)