Chapter 413: The Essence of Food Culture
To say that the fish banquet is one of the major delicacies in China, China has been famous since ancient times is the Manchu and Han banquets, and Chinese cuisine is also rich and diverse.
The dietary conditions and customs of all ethnic groups and social strata of the Chinese nation over the past 5,000 years. What is introduced is "food for the people", and eating is the primary means to achieve the goal of survival. Therefore, the birth of life is the day when the activity of eating begins, but the activity of eating has no utensils in its initial stage. Before learning to use fire, the content and way of eating for human beings were no different from those of the animal kingdom, that is, directly eating plant fruits and animal flesh and blood. This stage is called the primitive raw food stage. Once they had mastered the use of fire, they grilled their food over a fire before eating it. Or the stone is heated and then the food is baked on the stone and eaten, thus entering the primitive cooked food stage.
China is an ancient civilization with a history of 5,000 years, and its food culture and cooking skills are part of its civilization history. It is the crystallization of China's splendid culture. China has a vast territory and diverse climates, including tropical, subtropical, temperate and subarctic zones. The terrain is diverse, rivers, lakes and seas, mountains and rivers and plains, all of which provide different types and different qualities of fish, meat, poultry and eggs, delicacies from mountains and seas, melons, fruits and vegetables and other rich animal and plant raw materials and seasonings for China's diet and cooking. For thousands of years, Chinese food has accumulated exquisite cooking skills, and the cooking operation methods alone are: burning, frying, roasting, stewing, boiling, dunning, exploding, stir-frying, smoking, marinating, frying, simmering, pasting, steaming, etc., thus forming a variety of cuisines and varieties with different flavors. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 10,000 kinds of dishes in the country. The famous Qing court banquet dish "Manchu and Han full banquet", there are more than 120 kinds of hot and cold dishes on this table alone. The Chinese food culture represented by this kind of big dish shows the gorgeous and magnificent "Celestial Empire" and "Emperor" mentality, and shows the general characteristics of traditional Chinese culture.
Chinese cuisine is famous for its bright color, fragrant, fresh taste and beautiful shape. Its shape is beautiful. In particular, the fancy cold platter is the most prominent. It is chic, colorful and lifelike, presenting moody scenery and patterns. The mountains, rivers, trees, pavilions, flowers, birds, fish and insects, rare birds and beasts, all in the close. It is as if it is a beautiful picture and gives people enjoyment. Moreover, each set of Chinese food is in even numbers, four, six, eight, ten...... and so on. As the saying goes: "Two plates for guests, three plates for turtles", the pursuit of even numbers just shows that Chinese culture pays attention to "perfection" and emphasizes the psychological habit of even numbers for profit.
China is a country of rich and powerful nations, and in addition, there are 56 kinds of cuisine among 56 ethnic groups. Among these 56 kinds of cuisine, we can distinguish many local special dishes, so that in the fine division, there are countless kinds of dishes, but also countless kinds of flavors, forming a food world with Chinese characteristics.
Everybody knows that. Delicious Chinese and Western food, then. The names of our Chinese dishes are also distinctive. It is rich in traditional Chinese cultural characteristics and gives people a beautiful aftertaste. Such as the dragon playing with pearls, spring and white snow, silver pearl peony, gold and jade around the cui, jade hand picking peach, palace gate offering fish, etc., all kinds of things. It is full of poetry and picturesqueness, and sometimes it is a three-dimensional poetry and painting. In China, Gu can be said to go wherever he goes, where he eats. Restaurants, restaurants, restaurants, and food stalls abound all over the country. Especially in large and medium-sized cities. In just one place, you can taste the food flavors of the north and south, famous meat and vegetarian dishes, and dim sum noodle porridge. Seasonal snacks. Even abroad, there are many Chinese restaurants, almost all over the world. And these Chinese restaurants are often full of customers, and business is very prosperous. In the United States, there are an astonishing number of Chinese restaurants. In New York alone, there are more than 5,000.
China has a vast territory and is the most important nation in the world to "eat". After thousands of years of development. A broad and profound "food culture" has been formed. For a long time, due to the use of different raw materials, different ingredients, and different cooking methods, various places have formed their own unique flavors and different cuisines. Among them, the more famous eight cuisines refer to Sichuan, Guangdong, Suzhou, Hunan, Fujian, Hui, Zhejiang, Shandong and so on.
The so-called "relying on the mountains to eat the mountains, relying on the water to eat the water". "One side of the water and soil to raise one side of the people" is about adaptation. China is a vast country with very different natural conditions. The 56 ethnic groups living on the land of China have formed their own distinctive and rich food customs in different natural environments. For example, the herdsmen of Mongolian, Tibetan, Kazakh and other ethnic groups living in the steppe eat meat and drink milk; The Hezhe people live in the Sanjiang water town of Heilongjiang, and fish is the main food; And the Oroqen people who live in the dense forests of the Xing'an Mountains must eat birds and beasts...... This is an unchangeable dietary pattern in the era of underdeveloped transportation. The south is suitable for growing rice, so the people in the south generally take rice as the staple food; There are many kinds of wheat and miscellaneous grains in the north, so the people in the north take flour and miscellaneous grains as their staple food; The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is suitable for planting green trees, so farmers of all ethnic groups living here eat barley. Shuxiang is humid and spicy; Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hunan, Guizhou and many mountainous areas, or because of the water and soil system, or because of the long-term lack of salt in history, people like to eat acid...... These local characteristics of food make Chinese food culture show a colorful situation.
Chinese food literature and art, the relationship between food and the realm of life, etc., are profound and extensive.
From the perspective of extension, Chinese food culture can be classified from various perspectives such as era and technique, region and economy, ethnicity and religion, food and utensils, consumption and level, folk customs and functions, etc., showing different cultural tastes, reflecting different use values, and colorful.
From the perspective of characteristics, Chinese food culture highlights the theory of nourishment and health (vegetarian diet, emphasis on medicinal diet and tonic), and pays attention to "color, fragrance and taste". The realm of the harmony of the five flavors (the flavor is distinct, the palatable is precious, and it has the reputation of "tongue dish"), the cooking method of Qi Zheng and the mutual change (the kitchen rules are based and flexible), and the food concept of the mind and pleasure (the quality of the food is courteous, and the education is in the food) and other four major attributes, which are different from the natural beauty of the food culture of overseas countries. In addition to paying attention to the color matching of dishes, Chinese food culture should also match the atmosphere of the meal to produce a kind of taste, which is the personality and tradition of the Chinese nation, and it is also the way of highlighting the traditional etiquette of the Chinese nation.
From the perspective of influence, Chinese food culture directly affects Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore and other countries, and is the axis of the oriental food culture circle; At the same time, it also indirectly affects Europe, the Americas, Africa and Oceania, such as China's vegetarian culture, tea culture, sauce and vinegar, pasta, medicinal diet, ceramic tableware and soybeans, all of which benefit billions of people around the world.
In short, Chinese food culture is a long-standing regional culture with a wide vision, deep level, multiple angles and high taste; It is the material wealth and spiritual wealth that the Chinese people of all ethnic groups have created, accumulated and influenced in the development of food sources, the development of eating utensils, food conditioning, nutrition and health care and dietary aesthetics in the production and living practice of more than 1 million years
During the formative period of Chinese food culture, grains and vegetables were the staple food. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the self-produced cereals and vegetables were basically available, but the structure was different from now, when the early field operations were mainly: millet, (the most important) is millet, also known as millet, which dominated the long period of time, and was the length of the five grains, and the good millet was called Liangzhi boutique and called Huangliang. Millet is a rhubarb sticky rice second only to millet, also known as millet, and is threshed millet. Wheat, barley. It is a bean, and at that time it was mainly soybeans and black beans. Hemp, that is, pockmarked seeds. Both the mushroom and the hemp are eaten by the poor of the people, and the hemp is also called tho. There is also rice in the south, the ancient rice is glutinous rice, the ordinary rice is called japonica rice, the Central Plains only began to introduce rice after the week, it belongs to fine grains, and it is more precious. Wild rice, is a kind of aquatic plant cocoon white seeds, black, called carved hu rice, particularly fragrant, and broken porcelain pieces together in the leather bag to knead to thresh.
For China's food culture, especially some of the foods that we have never heard of that seem to be very unsightly, they all show the characteristics of a place, especially in the movie, we see that there are travelers who go to all over the world, and they show me some of the foods they have filmed and tasted in person, which are rare in a century, the author also likes food, and I also like to study food, two people cook the same food with the same ingredients, with the same seasoning, and the taste is also very different. This depends on the size of the heat used by two people.
In addition, it also includes which ingredients or which ingredients are put first and the rear have a close relationship, for example, we go to stir-fry a plate of pork, when stir-frying, if you add vinegar directly into it, then the dish must be very tough, if you add a little water to the dish appropriately, and then put some vinegar, the diluted vinegar will play a role in making the meat tender.
The author is telling you a little trick, when we want to boil a pot of cold water, it usually takes about ten minutes, if we add a little salt to the cold water, then the water that can be boiled in ten minutes will be advanced to 5 to 8 minutes, this is because salt has the effect of heat absorption, can speed up, when we cook, add a little salt in advance in the oil pan, in this way, you can also avoid the phenomenon of sticking to the pan, which are some small kitchen knowledge.
I hope that the author will share some knowledge points with you, you can usually cook by yourself, you can personally verify it, a good dish is equal to the happiness factor of the family, there is a saying: if you want to get a person's heart, you must first get a person's taste, grasp the taste, and your successful business family will add a lot of points.
The family needs two people to operate, life comes from experience, food comes from details, find details from experience, I believe that a family will be more happy and happy. (To be continued......)